plotResiduals

Plot residuals of generalized linear regression model

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Syntax

plotResiduals(mdl)
plotResiduals(mdl,plottype)
plotResiduals(mdl,plottype,Name,Value)
h = plotResiduals(___)

Description

example

plotResiduals(mdl) creates a histogram plot of the generalized linear regression model (mdl) residuals.

example

plotResiduals(mdl,plottype) specifies the residual plot type plottype.

example

plotResiduals(mdl,plottype,Name,Value) specifies additional options using one or more name-value pair arguments. For example, you can specify the residual type and the graphical properties of residual data points.

h = plotResiduals(___) returns graphics objects for the lines or patch in the plot using any of the input argument combinations in the previous syntaxes. Use h to modify the properties of a specific line or patch after you create the plot. For a list of properties, see Line Properties and Patch Properties.

Examples

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Open Live Script

Create three plots of a fitted generalized linear regression model: a histogram of raw residuals, a normal probability plot of raw residuals, a normal probability plot of Anscombe type residuals.

Generate sample data using Poisson random numbers with two underlying predictors X(:,1) and X(:,2). 

rng('default') % For reproducibility
rndvars = randn(100,2);
X = [2 + rndvars(:,1),rndvars(:,2)];
mu = exp(1 + X*[1;2]);
y = poissrnd(mu);

Create a generalized linear regression model of Poisson data. 

mdl = fitglm(X,y,'y ~ x1 + x2','Distribution','poisson');

Create a histogram of the raw residuals using probability density function scaling.

plotResiduals(mdl)

The area of each bar is the relative number of observations. The sum of the bar areas is equal to 1.

Create a normal probability plot of the raw residuals.

plotResiduals(mdl,'probability')

The residuals do not match a normal distribution in the tails because the residuals are more spread out.

Create a normal probability plot of the Anscombe type residuals. 

plotResiduals(mdl,'probability','ResidualType','Anscombe')

The Anscombe type residuals match a normal distribution.

Input Arguments

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Generalized linear regression model, specified as a GeneralizedLinearModel object created using fitglm or stepwiseglm.

Plot type, specified as one of the values in this table.

ValueDescription
'caseorder'Residuals vs. case order (row number)
'fitted'Residuals vs. fitted values
'histogram'Histogram of residuals using probability density function scaling. The area of each bar is the relative number of observations. The sum of the bar areas is equal to 1.
'lagged'Residuals vs. lagged residuals (r(t) vs. r(t – 1))
'probability'Normal probability plot of residuals. For details, see probplot.
'symmetry'Symmetry plot of residuals around their median (residuals in upper tail – median vs. median – residuals in lower tail). This plot includes a dotted reference line of y = x to examine the symmetry of residuals.

Name-Value Pair Arguments

Specify optional comma-separated pairs of Name,Value arguments. Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name must appear inside quotes. You can specify several name and value pair arguments in any order as Name1,Value1,...,NameN,ValueN.

Example: 'Color','blue','Marker','o'

Note

The graphical properties listed here are only a subset. For a complete list, see Line Properties for lines and Patch Properties for histogram. The specified properties apply to the appearance of residual data points or the appearance of the histogram.

Type of residual used in the plot, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'ResidualType' and one of the values in this table.

ValueDescription
'Raw'Observed minus fitted values
'LinearPredictor'Residuals on the linear predictor scale, equal to the adjusted response value minus the fitted linear combination of the predictors
'Pearson'Raw residuals divided by the estimated standard deviation of the response
'Anscombe'Residuals defined on transformed data with the transformation selected to remove skewness
'Deviance'Residuals based on the contribution of each observation to the deviance

The Residuals property of mdl contains the residual values used by plotResiduals to create plots.

Example: 'ResidualType','Pearson'

Line color, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Color' and an RGB triplet, hexadecimal color code, color name, or short name for one of the color options listed in the following table.

The 'Color' name-value pair argument also determines marker outline color and marker fill color if 'MarkerEdgeColor' is 'auto' (default) and 'MarkerFaceColor' is 'auto'.

For a custom color, specify an RGB triplet or a hexadecimal color code.

  • An RGB triplet is a three-element row vector whose elements specify the intensities of the red, green, and blue components of the color. The intensities must be in the range [0,1]; for example, [0.4 0.6 0.7].

  • A hexadecimal color code is a character vector or a string scalar that starts with a hash symbol (#) followed by three or six hexadecimal digits, which can range from 0 to F. The values are not case sensitive. Thus, the color codes '#FF8800', '#ff8800', '#F80', and '#f80' are equivalent.

Alternatively, you can specify some common colors by name. This table lists the named color options, the equivalent RGB triplets, and hexadecimal color codes.

Color NameShort NameRGB TripletHexadecimal Color CodeAppearance
'red''r'[1 0 0]'#FF0000'

'green''g'[0 1 0]'#00FF00'

'blue''b'[0 0 1]'#0000FF'

'cyan' 'c'[0 1 1]'#00FFFF'

'magenta''m'[1 0 1]'#FF00FF'

'yellow''y'[1 1 0]'#FFFF00'

'black''k'[0 0 0]'#000000'

'white''w'[1 1 1]'#FFFFFF'

'none'Not applicableNot applicableNot applicableNo color

Here are the RGB triplets and hexadecimal color codes for the default colors MATLAB® uses in many types of plots.

RGB TripletHexadecimal Color CodeAppearance
[0 0.4470 0.7410]'#0072BD'

[0.8500 0.3250 0.0980]'#D95319'

[0.9290 0.6940 0.1250]'#EDB120'

[0.4940 0.1840 0.5560]'#7E2F8E'

[0.4660 0.6740 0.1880]'#77AC30'

[0.3010 0.7450 0.9330]'#4DBEEE'

[0.6350 0.0780 0.1840]'#A2142F'

Example: 'Color','blue'

Line width, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'LineWidth' and a positive value in points. If the line has markers, then the line width also affects the marker edges.

Example: 'LineWidth',0.75

Marker symbol, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Marker' and one of the values in this table.

ValueDescription
'o'Circle
'+'Plus sign
'*'Asterisk
'.'Point
'x'Cross
'_'Horizontal line
'|'Vertical line
'square' or 's'Square
'diamond' or 'd'Diamond
'^'Upward-pointing triangle
'v'Downward-pointing triangle
'>'Right-pointing triangle
'<'Left-pointing triangle
'pentagram' or 'p'Five-pointed star (pentagram)
'hexagram' or 'h'Six-pointed star (hexagram)
'none'No markers

Example: 'Marker','+'

Marker outline color, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'MarkerEdgeColor' and an RGB triplet, hexadecimal color code, color name, or short name for one of the color options listed in the Color name-value pair argument.

The default value of 'auto' uses the same color specified by using 'Color'.

Example: 'MarkerEdgeColor','blue'

Marker fill color, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'MarkerFaceColor' and an RGB triplet, hexadecimal color code, color name, or short name for one of the color options listed in the Color name-value pair argument.

The 'auto' value uses the same color specified by using 'Color'.

Example: 'MarkerFaceColor','blue'

Marker size, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'MarkerSize' and a positive value in points.

Example: 'MarkerSize',2

Output Arguments

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Graphics objects corresponding to the lines or patch in the plot, returned as a graphics array. Use dot notation to query and set properties of the graphics objects. For details, see Line Properties and Patch Properties.

You can use name-value pair arguments to specify the appearance of residual data points or the appearance of the histogram, corresponding to the first graphics object h(1).

More About

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Deviance

Deviance is twice the loglikelihood of the model. Because this overall loglikelihood is a sum of loglikelihoods for each observation, a residual plot with the deviance type shows the loglikelihood per observation.

Tips

  • The data cursor displays the values of the selected plot point in a data tip (small text box located next to the data point). The data tip includes the x-axis and y-axis values for the selected point, along with the observation name or number.

Alternative Functionality

A GeneralizedLinearModel object provides multiple plotting functions.

  • When verifying a model, use plotDiagnostics to find questionable data and to understand the effect of each observation. Also, use plotResiduals to analyze the residuals of the model.

  • After fitting a model, use plotPartialDependence to understand the effect of a particular predictor. Also, use plotSlice to plot slices through the prediction surface.

Extended Capabilities

See Also

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Topics

Introduced in R2012a

Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox Documentation

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