A test rig designed to investigate the interaction between an axial-piston pump and a typical control unit simultaneously performing the load-sensing and pressure-limiting functions. To increase the fidelity of the simulation, this example uses a detailed model of the pump that accounts for the interaction between the pistons, swash plate, and valve plate.

A simplified version of an actuation system consisting of the lift and tilt cylinders. Each cylinder is controlled by an open center, 5-way, 3-position directional valve. The valves are connected in series through their unloading branch such that the system pump is unloaded when both command levers are in neutral position. If either tilt or lift command is applied, the unloading path is closed.

A simplified version of a lubrication system fed with the centrifugal pump. The system consists of five major units: Pump Unit, Scavenge Unit, Heat Exchanger Manifold, Nozzle Manifold, and Control Unit. Both the pump and the scavenge unit are built around the centrifugal pump. The Scavenge Unit collects fluid discharged by nozzles and pumps it back into the reservoir of the Pump Unit. The Control Unit generates commands to bypass either the heat exchanger, represented as a local resistance, or the nozzles block. In a real system, these commands are generated by temperature sensors installed in lubrication cavities.

Model, parameterize, and test a hydraulic clutch system. The model is used to generate the plot of the engine and the transmission system speeds during a declutching and clutch re-engaging scenario.

Model, parameterize and, test a slave cylinder. Given the numerical data extracted from the datasheet of the single-stage master cylinder, the unknown parameters of the slave cylinder are calculated. The model is simulated to generate the plot between the applied force to the single-stage master cylinder and the pressure developed inside the slave cylinder.

Model, parameterize and test a single-stage master cylinder starting from manufacturer datasheet information. Given the numerical data extracted from the datasheet, the unknown parameters are calculated. The model is then simulated and the resulting push rod force versus pressure relationship curve is compared with curve provided on the manufacturer datasheet.

A pressure-compensated 3-way flow control valve. This valve maintains constant flow rate through the main hydraulic motor, which is connected to the pressure-compensated outlet of the flow control valve. It acts as a priority valve, diverting the excess flow to the auxiliary hydraulic motor if the main hydraulic motor receives enough fluid to maintain a preset angular velocity. The auxiliary motor is shut off completely if there is insufficient flow to power the main hydraulic motor.