stack

Stack data from multiple variables into single variable

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Syntax

S = stack(U,vars)
S = stack(U,vars,Name,Value)
[S,iu] = stack(___)

Description

example

S = stack(U,vars) converts the table or timetable, U, into an equivalent table or timetable, S, that is stacked. The stack function stacks up multiple variables from U, specified by vars, into a single variable in S. In general, S contains fewer variables, but more rows, than U.

The output argument, S, contains a new categorical variable to indicate which variable in U the stacked data in each row came from. stack replicates data from the variables in U that are not stacked.

  • If U is a table, then you cannot stack row names.

  • If U is a timetable, then you cannot stack row times.

example

S = stack(U,vars,Name,Value) converts the table, U, with additional options specified by one or more Name,Value pair arguments.

For example, you can specify variable names for the new and stacked variables in U.

example

[S,iu] = stack(___) also returns an index vector, iu, indicating the correspondence between rows in S and rows in U. You can use any of the previous input arguments.

Examples

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Open Live Script

Create a table containing test scores from three separate tests. The table is in unstacked format.

Test1 = [93;57;87;89];
Test2 = [89;77;92;86];
Test3 = [95;62;89;91];

U = table(Test1,Test2,Test3)
U=4×3 table
    Test1    Test2    Test3
    _____    _____    _____

     93       89       95  
     57       77       62  
     87       92       89  
     89       86       91

The table contains four rows and three variables.

Stack the test scores into a single variable. 

S = stack(U,1:3)
S=12×2 table
    Test1_Test2_Test3_Indicator    Test1_Test2_Test3
    ___________________________    _________________

               Test1                      93        
               Test2                      89        
               Test3                      95        
               Test1                      57        
               Test2                      77        
               Test3                      62        
               Test1                      87        
               Test2                      92        
               Test3                      89        
               Test1                      89        
               Test2                      86        
               Test3                      91

S contains twelve rows and two variables. S is in stacked format.

The categorical variable, Test1_Test2_Test3_Indicator, identifies which test corresponds to the score in the stacked data variable, Test1_Test2_Test3.

Open Live Script

Create a timetable indicating the amount of snowfall in three towns from five different storms. Specify the dates of the storms as datetime values and use them as the row times of the timetable U. Specify the array of storm numbers, Storm, as a categorical array since there is a fixed set of storm numbers in this timetable.

Storm = categorical([1;2;3;4;5]);
Date = datetime({'2011-12-25';'2012-01-02';'2012-01-23';'2012-02-07';'2012-02-15'});
Natick = [20;5;13;0;17];
Boston = [18;9;21;5;12];
Worcester = [26;10;16;3;15];

U = timetable(Date,Storm,Natick,Boston,Worcester)
U=5×4 timetable
       Date        Storm    Natick    Boston    Worcester
    ___________    _____    ______    ______    _________

    25-Dec-2011      1        20        18         26    
    02-Jan-2012      2         5         9         10    
    23-Jan-2012      3        13        21         16    
    07-Feb-2012      4         0         5          3    
    15-Feb-2012      5        17        12         15

The variables Storm and Date contain data that is constant at each location.

Stack the variables Natick, Boston, and Worcester into a single variable. Name the variable containing the stacked data, Snowfall, and name the new indicator variable, Town. 

S = stack(U,{'Natick','Boston','Worcester'},...
          'NewDataVariableName','Snowfall',...
          'IndexVariableName','Town')
S=15×3 timetable
       Date        Storm      Town       Snowfall
    ___________    _____    _________    ________

    25-Dec-2011      1      Natick          20   
    25-Dec-2011      1      Boston          18   
    25-Dec-2011      1      Worcester       26   
    02-Jan-2012      2      Natick           5   
    02-Jan-2012      2      Boston           9   
    02-Jan-2012      2      Worcester       10   
    23-Jan-2012      3      Natick          13   
    23-Jan-2012      3      Boston          21   
    23-Jan-2012      3      Worcester       16   
    07-Feb-2012      4      Natick           0   
    07-Feb-2012      4      Boston           5   
    07-Feb-2012      4      Worcester        3   
    15-Feb-2012      5      Natick          17   
    15-Feb-2012      5      Boston          12   
    15-Feb-2012      5      Worcester       15

S contains three rows for each storm, and stack repeats the data in the constant variables, Storm and Date, accordingly.

The categorical variable, Town, identifies which variable in U contains the corresponding Snowfall data.

Open Live Script

Create a timetable containing estimated influenza rates per month along the east coast of the United States. Create a different variable for the Northeast, Mid Atlantic, and South Atlantic. Data Source: Google Flu Trends. Use a datetime array as row times of the timetable. 

Month = datetime(2005,10,1,'Format','MMMM yyyy') + calmonths(0:5);
Month = Month';
NE = [1.1902; 1.3610; 1.5003; 1.7772; 2.1350; 2.2345];
MidAtl = [1.1865; 1.4120; 1.6043; 1.8830; 2.1227; 1.9920];
SAtl = [1.2730; 1.5820; 1.8625; 1.9540; 2.4803; 2.0203];

fluU = timetable(Month,NE,MidAtl,SAtl)
fluU=6×3 timetable
        Month          NE      MidAtl     SAtl 
    _____________    ______    ______    ______

    October 2005     1.1902    1.1865     1.273
    November 2005     1.361     1.412     1.582
    December 2005    1.5003    1.6043    1.8625
    January 2006     1.7772     1.883     1.954
    February 2006     2.135    2.1227    2.4803
    March 2006       2.2345     1.992    2.0203

The variable Month contains data that is constant across the row.

Stack the variables NE, MidAtl, and SAtl into a single variable called FluRate. Name the new indicator variable Region and output an index vector, ifluU, to indicate the correspondence between rows in the input unstacked table, fluU, and the output stacked table, fluS. 

[fluS,ifluU] = stack(fluU,1:3,...
                     'NewDataVariableName','FluRate',...
                     'IndexVariableName','Region')
fluS=18×2 timetable
        Month        Region    FluRate
    _____________    ______    _______

    October 2005     NE        1.1902 
    October 2005     MidAtl    1.1865 
    October 2005     SAtl       1.273 
    November 2005    NE         1.361 
    November 2005    MidAtl     1.412 
    November 2005    SAtl       1.582 
    December 2005    NE        1.5003 
    December 2005    MidAtl    1.6043 
    December 2005    SAtl      1.8625 
    January 2006     NE        1.7772 
    January 2006     MidAtl     1.883 
    January 2006     SAtl       1.954 
    February 2006    NE         2.135 
    February 2006    MidAtl    2.1227 
    February 2006    SAtl      2.4803 
    March 2006       NE        2.2345 
      ⋮


ifluU = 18×1

     1
     1
     1
     2
     2
     2
     3
     3
     3
     4
      ⋮

ifluU(5) is 2. The fifth row in the output table, fluS, contains data from the second row in the input table fluU.

Input Arguments

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Input table, specified as a table or a timetable.

Variables in U to stack, specified as a positive integer, vector of positive integers, character vector, cell array of character vectors, string array, or logical vector.

Name-Value Pair Arguments

Specify optional comma-separated pairs of Name,Value arguments. Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name must appear inside quotes. You can specify several name and value pair arguments in any order as Name1,Value1,...,NameN,ValueN.

Example: 'NewDataVariableName','StackedData' names the new data variable StackedData.

Variables other than vars to include in the output, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'ConstantVariables' and a positive integer, vector of positive integers, character vector, cell array of character vectors, string array, or logical vector. stack replicates the data from the constant variables for each stacked entry from a row.

The default is all the variables in U not specified by vars. You can specify the 'ConstantVariables' name-value pair argument to exclude variables not specified by vars or 'ConstantVariables' from the output table, S.

U can have row labels along its first dimension. If U is a table, then it can have row names as the labels. If U is a timetable, then it must have row times as the labels.

  • You can include the row names or row times when you specify the value of 'ConstantVariables'.

  • stack replicates the row names or row times even when you do not include them in 'ConstantVariables'.

Name for the new data variable in S, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'NewDataVariableName' and a character vector or string scalar. The default is a concatenation of the names of the variables from U that are stacked up.

Name for the new indicator variable in S, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'IndexVariableName' and a character vector or string scalar. The default is a name based on NewDataVariableName.

Output Arguments

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Stacked table, returned as a table or a timetable. S contains a stacked data variable, a categorical indicator variable, and any constant variables.

You can store additional metadata such as descriptions, variable units, variable names, and row names in S. For more information, see the Properties sections of table or timetable.

stack assigns the variable units and variable description property values from the first variable listed in vars to the corresponding S.Properties.VariableUnits and S.Properties.VariableDescrisciptions values for the new data variable.

Index to U, returned as a column vector. The index vector, iu, identifies the row in the input table, U, containing the corresponding data. stack creates the jth row in the output table, S, using U(iu(j),vars).

Tips

  • You can specify more than one group of data variables in U, and each group becomes a stacked data variable in S. Use a cell array to contain multiple values for vars, and a cell array of character vectors or string array to contain multiple values for the 'NewDataVariableName' name-value pair argument. All groups must contain the same number of variables.

Extended Capabilities

See Also

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Introduced in R2013b

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