insSensor

Inertial navigation and GPS simulation model

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Description

The insSensor System object™ models data output from an inertial navigation and GPS.

To model output from an inertial navigation and GPS:

  1. Create the insSensor object and set its properties.

  2. Call the object with arguments, as if it were a function.

To learn more about how System objects work, see What Are System Objects?.

Creation

Syntax

INS = insSensor
INS = insSensor(Name,Value)

Description

example

INS = insSensor returns a System object, INS, that models an inertial navigation and GPS reading based on an inertial input signal.

example

INS = insSensor(Name,Value) sets each property Name to the specified Value. Unspecified properties have default values.

Properties

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Unless otherwise indicated, properties are nontunable, which means you cannot change their values after calling the object. Objects lock when you call them, and the release function unlocks them.

If a property is tunable, you can change its value at any time.

For more information on changing property values, see System Design in MATLAB Using System Objects.

Accuracy of the roll measurement of the sensor body in degrees, specified as a nonnegative real scalar.

Roll is defined as rotation around the x-axis of the sensor body. Roll noise is modeled as a white noise process. RollAccuracy sets the standard deviation, in degrees, of the roll measurement noise.

Tunable: Yes

Data Types: single | double

Accuracy of the pitch measurement of the sensor body in degrees, specified as a nonnegative real scalar.

Pitch is defined as rotation around the y-axis of the sensor body. Pitch noise is modeled as a white noise process. PitchAccuracy defines the standard deviation, in degrees, of the pitch measurement noise.

Tunable: Yes

Data Types: single | double

Accuracy of the yaw measurement of the sensor body in degrees, specified as a nonnegative real scalar.

Yaw is defined as rotation around the z-axis of the sensor body. Yaw noise is modeled as a white noise process. YawAccuracy defines the standard deviation, in degrees, of the yaw measurement noise.

Tunable: Yes

Data Types: single | double

Accuracy of the position measurement of the sensor body in meters, specified as a nonnegative real scalar.

Position noise is modeled as a white noise process. PositionAccuracy defines the standard deviation, in meters, of the position measurement noise.

Tunable: Yes

Data Types: single | double

Accuracy of the velocity measurement of the sensor body in meters per second, specified as a nonnegative real scalar.

Velocity noise is modeled as a white noise process. VelocityAccuracy defines the standard deviation, in meters per second, of the velocity measurement noise.

Tunable: Yes

Data Types: single | double

Random number source, specified as a character vector:

  • 'Global stream' –– Random numbers are generated using the current global random number stream.

  • 'mt19937ar with seed' –– Random numbers are generated using the mt19937ar algorithm with the seed specified by the Seed property.

Data Types: char | string

Initial seed of an mt19937ar random number generator algorithm, specified as a real, nonnegative integer scalar.

Dependencies

To enable this property, set RandomStream to 'mt19937ar with seed'.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

Usage

Syntax

measurement = INS(motion)

Description

example

measurement = INS(motion) models the data received from an inertial navigation and GPS reading. The measurement is based on the input signal, motion.

Input Arguments

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motion is a struct with the following fields:

  • 'Position' –– Position of the sensor body in the local NED coordinate system specified as a real finite N-by-3 array in meters. N is the number of samples in the current frame.

  • 'Velocity' –– Velocity of the sensor body in the local NED coordinate system specified as a real finite N-by-3 array in meters per second. N is the number of samples in the current frame.

  • 'Orientation' –– Orientation of the sensor body with respect to the local NED coordinate system specified as a quaternion N-element column vector or a single or double 3-by-3-by-N rotation matrix. Each quaternion or rotation matrix is a frame rotation from the local NED coordinate system to the current sensor body coordinate system. N is the number of samples in the current frame.

Example: motion = struct('Position',[0,0,0],'Velocity',[0,0,0],'Orientation',quaternion([1,0,0,0]))

Output Arguments

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measurement is a struct with the following fields:

  • 'Position' –– Position measurement of the sensor body in the local NED coordinate system specified as a real finite N-by-3 array in meters. N is the number of samples in the current frame.

  • 'Velocity' –– Velocity measurement of the sensor body in the local NED coordinate system specified as a real finite N-by-3 array in meters per second. N is the number of samples in the current frame.

  • 'Orientation' –– Orientation measurement of the sensor body with respect to the local NED coordinate system specified as a quaternion N-element column vector or a single or double 3-by-3-by-N rotation matrix. Each quaternion or rotation matrix is a frame rotation from the local NED coordinate system to the current sensor body coordinate system. N is the number of samples in the current frame.

Object Functions

To use an object function, specify the System object as the first input argument. For example, to release system resources of a System object named obj, use this syntax:

release(obj)

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perturbationsPerturbation defined on object
perturbApply perturbations to object
stepRun System object algorithm
releaseRelease resources and allow changes to System object property values and input characteristics
resetReset internal states of System object

Examples

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Open Live Script

Create a motion struct that defines a stationary position at the local NED origin. Because the platform is stationary, you only need to define a single sample. Assume the ground-truth motion is sampled for 10 seconds with a 100 Hz sample rate. Create a default insSensor System object™. Preallocate variables to hold output from the insSensor object.

Fs = 100;
duration = 10;
numSamples = Fs*duration;

motion = struct( ...
    'Position', zeros(1,3), ...
    'Velocity', zeros(1,3), ...
    'Orientation', ones(1,1,'quaternion'));

INS = insSensor;

positionMeasurements = zeros(numSamples,3);
velocityMeasurements = zeros(numSamples,3);
orientationMeasurements = zeros(numSamples,1,'quaternion');

In a loop, call INS with the stationary motion struct to return the position, velocity, and orientation measurements in the local NED coordinate system. Log the position, velocity, and orientation measurements.

for i = 1:numSamples
    
    measurements = INS(motion);
    
    positionMeasurements(i,:) = measurements.Position;
    velocityMeasurements(i,:) = measurements.Velocity;
    orientationMeasurements(i) = measurements.Orientation;
    
end

Convert the orientation from quaternions to Euler angles for visualization purposes. Plot the position, velocity, and orientation measurements over time.

orientationMeasurements = eulerd(orientationMeasurements,'ZYX','frame');

t = (0:(numSamples-1))/Fs;

subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,positionMeasurements)
title('Position')
xlabel('Time (s)')
ylabel('Position (m)')
legend('North','East','Down')

subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,velocityMeasurements)
title('Velocity')
xlabel('Time (s)')
ylabel('Velocity (m/s)')
legend('North','East','Down')

subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t,orientationMeasurements)
title('Orientation')
xlabel('Time (s)')
ylabel('Rotation (degrees)')
legend('Roll', 'Pitch', 'Yaw')

Open Live Script

Generate INS measurements using the insSensor System object™. Use waypointTrajectory to generate the ground-truth path. Use trackingScenario to organize the simulation and visualize the motion.

Specify the ground-truth trajectory as a figure-eight path in the North-East plane. Use a 50 Hz sample rate and 5 second duration.

Fs = 50;
duration = 5;
numSamples = Fs*duration;
t = (0:(numSamples-1)).'/Fs;

a = 2;

x = a.*sqrt(2).*cos(t) ./ (sin(t).^2 + 1);
y = sin(t) .* x;
z = zeros(numSamples,1);

waypoints = [x,y,z];

path = waypointTrajectory('Waypoints',waypoints,'TimeOfArrival',t);

Create an insSensor System object to model receiving INS data. Set the PositionAccuracy to 0.1.

ins = insSensor('PositionAccuracy',0.1);

Create a tracking scenario with a single platform whose motion is defined by path.

scenario = trackingScenario('UpdateRate',Fs);
quadcopter = platform(scenario);
quadcopter.Trajectory = path;

Create a theater plot to visualize the ground-truth quadcopter motion and the quadcopter motion measurements modeled by insSensor.

tp = theaterPlot('XLimits',[-3, 3],'YLimits', [-3, 3]);
quadPlotter = platformPlotter(tp, ...
    'DisplayName', 'Ground-Truth Motion', ...
    'Marker', 's', ...
    'MarkerFaceColor','blue');
insPlotter = detectionPlotter(tp, ...
    'DisplayName','INS Measurement', ...
    'Marker','d', ...
    'MarkerFaceColor','red');

In a loop, advance the scenario until it is complete. For each time step, get the current motion sample, model INS measurements for the motion, and then plot the result.

while advance(scenario)
    motion = platformPoses(scenario,'quaternion');
    
    insMeas = ins(motion);
    
    plotPlatform(quadPlotter,motion.Position);
    plotDetection(insPlotter,insMeas.Position);
    
    pause(1/scenario.UpdateRate)
end

Open Live Script

Generate INS measurements using the insSensor System object™. Use waypointTrajectory to generate the ground-truth path.

Specify a ground-truth orientation that begins with the sensor body x-axis aligned with North and ends with the sensor body x-axis aligned with East. Specify waypoints for an arc trajectory and a time-of-arrival vector for the corresponding waypoints. Use a 100 Hz sample rate. Create a waypointTrajectory System object with the waypoint constraints, and set SamplesPerFrame so that the entire trajectory is output with one call.

eulerAngles = [0,0,0; ...
               0,0,0; ...
               90,0,0; ...
               90,0,0];
orientation = quaternion(eulerAngles,'eulerd','ZYX','frame');

r = 20;
waypoints = [0,0,0; ...
             100,0,0; ...
             100+r,r,0; ...
             100+r,100+r,0];

toa = [0,10,10+(2*pi*r/4),20+(2*pi*r/4)];

Fs = 100;
numSamples = floor(Fs*toa(end));

path = waypointTrajectory('Waypoints',waypoints, ...
    'TimeOfArrival',toa, ...
    'Orientation',orientation, ...
    'SampleRate',Fs, ...
    'SamplesPerFrame',numSamples);

Create an insSensor System object to model receiving INS data. Set the PositionAccuracy to 0.1.

ins = insSensor('PositionAccuracy',0.1);

Call the waypoint trajectory object, path, to generate the ground-truth motion. Call the INS simulator, ins, with the ground-truth motion to generate INS measurements.

[motion.Position,motion.Orientation,motion.Velocity] = path();
insMeas = ins(motion);

Convert the orientation returned by ins to Euler angles in degrees for visualization purposes. Plot the full path and orientation over time.

orientationMeasurementEuler = eulerd(insMeas.Orientation,'ZYX','frame');

subplot(2,1,1)
plot(insMeas.Position(:,1),insMeas.Position(:,2));
title('Path')
xlabel('North (m)')
ylabel('East (m)')

subplot(2,1,2)
t = (0:(numSamples-1)).'/Fs;
plot(t,orientationMeasurementEuler(:,1), ...
     t,orientationMeasurementEuler(:,2), ...
     t,orientationMeasurementEuler(:,3));
title('Orientation')
legend('Yaw','Pitch','Roll')
xlabel('Time (s)')
ylabel('Rotation (degrees)')

Extended Capabilities

See Also

Objects

Topics

Introduced in R2018b

Sensor Fusion and Tracking Toolbox Documentation

Support