quantize

Quantize fixed-point numbers

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Syntax

y = quantize(x)
y = quantize(x,nt)
y = quantize(x,nt,rm)
y = quantize(x,nt,rm,oa)
yBP = quantize(x,s)
yBP = quantize(x,s,wl)
yBP = quantize(x,s,wl,fl)
yBP = quantize(x,s,wl,fl,rm)
yBP = quantize(x,s,wl,fl,rm,oa)

Description

y = quantize(x) quantizes x using these default values:

  • numerictype (true,16,15)

  • Floor rounding method

  • Wrap overflow action

The numerictype, rounding method, and overflow action apply only during the quantization. The resulting value, quantized y, does not have any fimath attached to it.

y = quantize(x,nt) quantizes x to the specified numerictype nt. The rounding method and overflow action use default values.

y = quantize(x,nt,rm) quantizes x to the specified numerictype, nt and rounding method, rm. The overflow action uses the default value.

example

y = quantize(x,nt,rm,oa) quantizes x to the specified numerictype, nt, rounding method, rm, and overflow action, oa.

yBP = quantize(x,s) quantizes x to a binary-point, scaled fixed-point number. The s input specifies the sign to be used in numerictype (s,16,15). Unspecified properties use these default values:

  • WordLength 16

  • FractionLength 15

  • RoundingMethod Floor

  • OverflowAction Wrap

yBP = quantize(x,s,wl) uses the specified word length, wl. The fraction length defaults to wl–1. Unspecified properties use default values.

yBP = quantize(x,s,wl,fl) uses the specified fraction length, fl. Unspecified properties use default values.

yBP = quantize(x,s,wl,fl,rm) uses the specified rounding method, rm. Unspecified properties use default values.

example

yBP = quantize(x,s,wl,fl,rm,oa) uses the specified overflow action, oa.

Examples

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Open Live Script

Create numerictype object, ntBP, which specifies a signed, 8-bit word length, 4-bit fraction length data type. 

ntBP = numerictype(1,8,4);

Define the input. 

x_BP = fi(pi)
x_BP = 
    3.1416

          DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: binary point scaling
            Signedness: Signed
            WordLength: 16
        FractionLength: 13

Use the defined numerictype, ntBP, to quantize the input, x_BP, to a binary-point scaled data type. 

yBP1 = quantize(x_BP,ntBP)
yBP1 = 
    3.1250

          DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: binary point scaling
            Signedness: Signed
            WordLength: 8
        FractionLength: 4
Open Live Script

Create a numerictype object, ntSB, which specifies a slope-bias data type. 

ntSB = numerictype('Scaling','SlopeBias', ...
      'SlopeAdjustmentFactor',1.8,'Bias',...
      1,'FixedExponent',-12);

Define the input. 

x_BP = fi(pi)
x_BP = 
    3.1416

          DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: binary point scaling
            Signedness: Signed
            WordLength: 16
        FractionLength: 13

Use the defined numerictype, ntSB, to quantize the input, x_BP, to a slope-bias data type. 

ySB1 = quantize(x_BP, ntSB)
ySB1 = 
    3.1415

          DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: slope and bias scaling
            Signedness: Signed
            WordLength: 16
                 Slope: 0.000439453125
                  Bias: 1
Open Live Script

Create a numerictype object, ntBP, which specifies a signed, 8-bit word length, 4-bit fraction length data type. 

ntBP = numerictype(1,8,4);

Define the input. 

x_SB = fi(rand(5,3),numerictype('Scaling','SlopeBias','Bias',-0.125))
x_SB=5×3 object
    0.8147    0.0975    0.1576
    0.8750    0.2785    0.8750
    0.1270    0.5469    0.8750
    0.8750    0.8750    0.4854
    0.6324    0.8750    0.8003

          DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: slope and bias scaling
            Signedness: Signed
            WordLength: 16
                 Slope: 3.0517578125e-5
                  Bias: -0.125

Use the defined numerictype, ntBP, to quantize the input, x_SB, to a binary point scaled data type. 

yBP2 = quantize(x_SB,ntBP,'Nearest','Saturate')
yBP2=5×3 object
    0.8125    0.1250    0.1875
    0.8750    0.2500    0.8750
    0.1250    0.5625    0.8750
    0.8750    0.8750    0.5000
    0.6250    0.8750    0.8125

          DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: binary point scaling
            Signedness: Signed
            WordLength: 8
        FractionLength: 4
Open Live Script

Create a numerictype object, ntSB, which specifies a slope-bias data type. 

ntSB = numerictype('Scaling','SlopeBias', ...
      'SlopeAdjustmentFactor',1.8,'Bias',...
      1,'FixedExponent',-12);

Define the input. 

x_SB = fi(rand(5,3),numerictype('Scaling','SlopeBias','Bias',-0.125))
x_SB=5×3 object
    0.8147    0.0975    0.1576
    0.8750    0.2785    0.8750
    0.1270    0.5469    0.8750
    0.8750    0.8750    0.4854
    0.6324    0.8750    0.8003

          DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: slope and bias scaling
            Signedness: Signed
            WordLength: 16
                 Slope: 3.0517578125e-5
                  Bias: -0.125

Use the defined numerictype, ntSB, to quantize the input, x_SB, to a slope-bias data type. 

ySB2 = quantize(x_SB,ntSB,'Ceiling','Wrap')
ySB2=5×3 object
    0.8150    0.0978    0.1580
    0.8752    0.2789    0.8752
    0.1272    0.5469    0.8752
    0.8752    0.8752    0.4854
    0.6326    0.8752    0.8005

          DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: slope and bias scaling
            Signedness: Signed
            WordLength: 16
                 Slope: 0.000439453125
                  Bias: 1
Open Live Script

Create a numerictype object, ntBP, which specifies a signed, 8-bit word length, 4-bit fraction length data type. 

ntBP = numerictype(1,8,4);

Define the input. 

xInt = int8(-16:4:16)
xInt = 1x9 int8 row vector

   -16   -12    -8    -4     0     4     8    12    16

Use the defined numerictype, ntBP, to quantize the input|xInt| to a binary point scaled data type. 

yBP3 = quantize(xInt,ntBP,'Zero')
yBP3=1×9 object
     0     4    -8    -4     0     4    -8    -4     0

          DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: binary point scaling
            Signedness: Signed
            WordLength: 8
        FractionLength: 4

Show the range of the quantized output. 

range(yBP3)
ans=1×2 object
   -8.0000    7.9375

          DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: binary point scaling
            Signedness: Signed
            WordLength: 8
        FractionLength: 4

The first two and last three values are wrapped because they are outside the representable range of the output type.

Open Live Script

Create a numerictype object ntSB, which specifies a slope-bias data type. 

ntSB = numerictype('Scaling','SlopeBias', ...
      'SlopeAdjustmentFactor',1.8,'Bias',...
      1,'FixedExponent',-12);

Define the input. 

xInt = int8(-16:4:16)
xInt = 1x9 int8 row vector

   -16   -12    -8    -4     0     4     8    12    16

Use the defined numerictype, ntSB, to quantize the input, xInt, to a slope-bias data type. 

ySB3 = quantize(xInt,ntSB,'Round','Saturate')
ySB3=1×9 object
  Columns 1 through 7
  -13.4000  -11.9814   -7.9877   -3.9939   -0.0002    3.9936    7.9873
  Columns 8 through 9
   11.9811   15.3996

          DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: slope and bias scaling
            Signedness: Signed
            WordLength: 16
                 Slope: 0.000439453125
                  Bias: 1

Show the range of the quantized output. 

range(ySB3)
ans=1×2 object
  -13.4000   15.3996

          DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: slope and bias scaling
            Signedness: Signed
            WordLength: 16
                 Slope: 0.000439453125
                  Bias: 1

The first and last values saturate because they are at the limits of he representable range of the output type.

Input Arguments

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Input data to quantize. Valid inputs are:

  • Built-in signed or unsigned integers (int8, int16, int32, int64, uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64)

  • Binary point scaled fixed-point fi

  • Slope-bias scaled fixed-point fi

Although fi doubles and fi singles are allowed as inputs, they pass through the quantize function without being quantized.

Numerictype object that defines the sign, word length, and fraction length of a fixed-point number.

Rounding method to use

Action to take when a data overflow occurs

Whether the fixed-point number is signed (true) or unsigned (false)

Word length of the fixed-point number

Fraction length of the fixed-point number

Output Arguments

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Quantized value of the input

Input quantized to binary-point scaled value

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

See Also

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Topics

Introduced before R2006a

Fixed-Point Designer Documentation

Support