rsf2csf

Convert real Schur form to complex Schur form

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Syntax

[Unew,Tnew] = rsf2csf(U,T)

Description

example

[Unew,Tnew] = rsf2csf(U,T) transforms the outputs of [U,T] = schur(X) for real matrices X from real Schur form to complex Schur form. This operation transforms how the eigenvalues of X are expressed in T, and transforms U such that X = Unew*Tnew*Unew' and Unew'*Unew = eye(size(X)).

  • In real Schur form, T has real eigenvalues on the diagonal, and complex eigenvalues are expressed as 2-by-2 real blocks along the main diagonal:

    [λ1t12t13t14t15⋯aet24t25⋯fat34t35⋯cg⋯hc⋯⋱]

    The eigenvalues represented by these blocks are a±i−fe and c±i−hg.

  • In complex Schur form, Tnew is upper triangular with all eigenvalues, real or complex, on the main diagonal:

    [λ1tnew12tnew13tnew14tnew15⋯a+bitnew23tnew24tnew25⋯a−bitnew34tnew35⋯c+ditnew45⋯c−di⋯⋱]

Examples

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Open Live Script

Apply Schur decomposition to a real matrix, and then transform the matrix factors so that the eigenvalues are directly on the main diagonal.

Create a real matrix and calculate the Schur decomposition. The U factor is unitary so that UTU=IN, and the T factor is in real Schur form with complex conjugate eigenvalue pairs expressed as 2-by-2 blocks on the diagonal.

X = [1     1     1     3
     1     2     1     1
     1     1     3     1
    -2     1     1     4];
[U,T] = schur(X)
U = 4×4

   -0.4916   -0.4900   -0.6331   -0.3428
   -0.4980    0.2403   -0.2325    0.8001
   -0.6751    0.4288    0.4230   -0.4260
   -0.2337   -0.7200    0.6052    0.2466


T = 4×4

    4.8121    1.1972   -2.2273   -1.0067
         0    1.9202   -3.0485   -1.8381
         0    0.7129    1.9202    0.2566
         0         0         0    1.3474

T has two real eigenvalues on the diagonal and one 2-by-2 block representing a complex conjugate pair of eigenvalues.

Transform U and T so that Tnew is upper triangular with the eigenvalues on the diagonal, and Unew satisfies X = Unew*Tnew*Unew'.

[Unew,Tnew] = rsf2csf(U,T)
Unew = 4×4 complex

  -0.4916 + 0.0000i  -0.2756 - 0.4411i   0.2133 + 0.5699i  -0.3428 + 0.0000i
  -0.4980 + 0.0000i  -0.1012 + 0.2163i  -0.1046 + 0.2093i   0.8001 + 0.0000i
  -0.6751 + 0.0000i   0.1842 + 0.3860i  -0.1867 - 0.3808i  -0.4260 + 0.0000i
  -0.2337 + 0.0000i   0.2635 - 0.6481i   0.3134 - 0.5448i   0.2466 + 0.0000i


Tnew = 4×4 complex

   4.8121 + 0.0000i  -0.9697 + 1.0778i  -0.5212 + 2.0051i  -1.0067 + 0.0000i
   0.0000 + 0.0000i   1.9202 + 1.4742i   2.3355 + 0.0000i   0.1117 + 1.6547i
   0.0000 + 0.0000i   0.0000 + 0.0000i   1.9202 - 1.4742i   0.8002 + 0.2310i
   0.0000 + 0.0000i   0.0000 + 0.0000i   0.0000 + 0.0000i   1.3474 + 0.0000i

Input Arguments

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Unitary matrix, specified as the matrix returned by [U,T] = schur(X). The matrix U satisfies U'*U = eye(size(X)).

Data Types: single | double
Complex Number Support: Yes

Schur form, specified as the matrix returned by [U,T] = schur(X). The matrix T satisfies X = U*T*U'. The Schur form has real eigenvalues on the diagonal, and complex eigenvalues are expressed as 2-by-2 real blocks along the main diagonal.

Data Types: single | double
Complex Number Support: Yes

Output Arguments

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Transformed unitary matrix, returned as a matrix. The matrix Unew satisfies Unew'*Unew = eye(size(X)).

Transformed Schur form, returned as a matrix. Tnew is upper triangular with the eigenvalues of X on the diagonal, and it satisfies X = Unew*Tnew*Unew'.

Tips

  • You can use ordeig to obtain the same eigenvalue ordering as rsf2csf from the results of a Schur decomposition. However, rsf2csf also returns the remainder of the Schur matrix T and Schur vector matrix U, transformed to complex representation.

Extended Capabilities

See Also

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Introduced before R2006a

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