round

Round to nearest decimal or integer

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Syntax

Y = round(X)
Y = round(X,N)
Y = round(X,N,type)
Y = round(t)
Y = round(t,unit)

Description

example

Y = round(X) rounds each element of X to the nearest integer. In the case of a tie, where an element has a fractional part of exactly 0.5, the round function rounds away from zero to the integer with larger magnitude.

example

Y = round(X,N) rounds to N digits:

  • N > 0: round to N digits to the right of the decimal point.

  • N = 0: round to the nearest integer.

  • N < 0: round to N digits to the left of the decimal point.

example

Y = round(X,N,type) specifies the type of rounding. Specify 'significant' to round to N significant digits (counted from the leftmost digit). In this case, N must be a positive integer.

example

Y = round(t) rounds each element of the duration array t to the nearest number of seconds.

example

Y = round(t,unit) rounds each element of t to the nearest number of the specified unit of time.

Examples

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Open Live Script

Round the elements of a 2-by-2 matrix to the nearest integer. 

X = [2.11 3.5; -3.5 0.78];
Y = round(X)
Y = 2×2

     2     4
    -4     1
Open Live Script

Round pi to the nearest 3 decimal digits.

Y = round(pi,3)
Y = 3.1420
Open Live Script

Round the number 863178137 to the nearest multiple of 100. 

round(863178137,-2)
ans = 863178100
Open Live Script

Round the elements of a vector to retain 2 significant digits. 

format shortg
x = [1253 1.345 120.44]
x = 1×3

         1253        1.345       120.44


y = round(x,2,'significant')
y = 1×3

         1300          1.3          120
Open Live Script

The format command controls how MATLAB® displays numbers at the command line. If a number has extra digits that cannot be displayed in the current format, then MATLAB automatically rounds the number for display purposes. This can lead to unexpected results when combined with the round function.

Consider the result of the following subtraction operation, which displays 5 digits.

format short
x = 112.05 - 110
x = 2.0500

Based on the displayed value of x, rounding x to 1 decimal should return 2.1. 

round(x,1)
ans = 2

In fact, the problem here is that MATLAB is rounding x to 5 digits for display purposes. The round function returns the correct answer. Confirm the answer by viewing x with format long, which displays x rounded to 15 digits.

format long
x
x = 
   2.049999999999997
Open Live Script

Round each value in a duration array to the nearest number of seconds.

t = hours(8) + minutes(29:31) + seconds(1.3:0.5:2.3);
t.Format = 'hh:mm:ss.SS'
t = 1x3 duration
   08:29:01.30   08:30:01.80   08:31:02.30


Y1 = round(t)
Y1 = 1x3 duration
   08:29:01.00   08:30:02.00   08:31:02.00

Round each value in t to the nearest number of hours.

Y2 = round(t,'hours')
Y2 = 1x3 duration
   08:00:00.00   09:00:00.00   09:00:00.00

Input Arguments

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Input array, specified as a scalar, vector, matrix, or multidimensional array. For complex X, round treats the real and imaginary parts independently.

X must be single or double when you use round with more than one input.

round converts logical and char elements of X into double values.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64 | char | logical
Complex Number Support: Yes

Number of digits, specified as a scalar integer. When you specify N, the round function rounds X to the nearest multiple of 10 -N.

If you specify the 'significant' rounding type, then N must be a positive integer.

Rounding type, specified as 'decimals' or 'significant'. The rounding type determines whether round considers digits in relation to the decimal point or the overall number of significant digits. N must be a positive integer when you specify 'significant'. In that case, the round function rounds to the nearest number with N significant digits.

The default value is 'decimals', so that round(X,N,'decimals') is equivalent to round(X,N).

Example: round(3132,2,'significant') returns 3100, which is the closest number to 3132 that has 2 significant digits.

Data Types: char | string

Input duration, specified as a duration array.

Unit of time, specified as 'seconds', 'minutes', 'hours', 'days', or 'years'. A duration of 1 year is equal to exactly 365.2425 24-hour days.

Data Types: char | string

Tips

  • format short and format long both display rounded numbers. This can cause unexpected results when combined with the round function.

  • For display purposes, use sprintf to control the exact display of a number as a string. For example, to display exactly 2 decimal digits of pi (and no trailing zeros), use sprintf('%.2f',pi).

Compatibility Considerations

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Behavior changed in R2014b

Extended Capabilities

See Also

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Topics

Introduced before R2006a

MATLAB Documentation

Support