modulate

Modulation for communications simulation

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Syntax

y = modulate(x,fc,fs)
[y,t] = modulate(x,fc,fs)
[___] = modulate(x,fc,fs,method)
[___] = modulate(x,fc,fs,method,opt)

Description

y = modulate(x,fc,fs) modulates the real message signal x with a carrier frequency fc and sample rate fs. If x is a matrix, the modulated signal is computed independently for each column and stored in the corresponding column of y.

[y,t] = modulate(x,fc,fs) also returns the internal time vector t.

example

[___] = modulate(x,fc,fs,method) modulates the real message signal using the modulation technique specified by method. You can use these inputs with either of the previous output syntaxes.

example

[___] = modulate(x,fc,fs,method,opt) uses the additional options specified in opt for some modulation methods.

Examples

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Open Live Script

Generate a 10 Hz sinusoidal signal sampled at a rate of 200 Hz for 1 second. Embed the sinusoid in white Gaussian noise of variance 0.01.

fs = 200;
t = 0:1/fs:1;
x = sin(2*pi*10*t) + randn(size(t))/10;

Single-sideband amplitude modulate the signal with a carrier frequency of 50 Hz. Compute and display the new Welch's power spectral density estimates.

y = modulate(x,50,fs,'amssb');

pwelch([x;y]',hamming(100),80,1024,fs,'centered')

Open Live Script

Generate two sinusoidal signals frequencies of 10 Hz and 20 Hz, sampled at a rate of 200 Hz for 1 second. Embed the sinusoids in white Gaussian noise of variance 0.01.

fs = 200;
t = 0:1/fs:1;
i = sin(2*pi*10*t) + randn(size(t))/10;
q = sin(2*pi*20*t) + randn(size(t))/10;

Create a quadrature amplitude modulated signal from signals i and q using a carrier frequency of 70 Hz. Compute the Welch power spectral density estimates of the original and modulated sequences. Use a 100-sample Hamming window with 80 samples of overlap. Specify an FFT length of 1024.

y = modulate(i,70,fs,'qam',q);

pwelch([i;q;y]',hamming(100),80,1024,fs,'centered') 
legend('In-phase signal','Quadrature signal','Modulated signal')

Input Arguments

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Message signal, specified as a real vector or matrix.

Example: sin(2*pi*25*[0:(1/200):1])

Carrier frequency used to modulate the message signal, specified as a real positive scalar.

Sample rate, specified as a real positive scalar.

Method of modulation used, specified as one of:

  • amdsb-sc or am — Amplitude modulation, double sideband, suppressed carrier. Multiplies x by a sinusoid of frequency fc.

    y = x.*cos(2*pi*fc*t)

  • amdsb-tc — Amplitude modulation, double sideband, transmitted carrier. Subtracts scalar opt from x and multiplies the result by a sinusoid of frequency fc.

    y = (x-opt).*cos(2*pi*fc*t)

    If you do not specify the opt parameter, modulate uses a default of min(min(x)) so that the message signal (x-opt) is entirely nonnegative and has a minimum value of 0.

  • amssb — Amplitude modulation, single sideband. Multiplies x by a sinusoid of frequency fc and adds the result to the Hilbert transform of x multiplied by a phase-shifted sinusoid of frequency fc.

    y = x.*cos(2*pi*fc*t)+imag(hilbert(x)).*sin(2*pi*fc*t)

    This effectively removes the upper sideband.

  • fm — Frequency modulation. Creates a sinusoid with instantaneous frequency that varies with the message signal x.

    y=cos(2*pi*fc*t + opt*cumsum(x))

    cumsum is a rectangular approximation of the integral of x. modulate uses opt as the constant of frequency modulation. If you do not specify the opt parameter, modulate uses a default of opt = (fc/fs)*2*pi/(max(max(x))) so the maximum frequency excursion from fc is fc Hz.

  • pm — Phase modulation. Creates a sinusoid of frequency fc whose phase varies with the message signal x.

    y=cos(2*pi*fc*t + opt*x)

    modulate uses opt as the constant of phase modulation. If you do not specify the opt parameter, modulate uses a default of opt = pi/(max(max(x))) so the maximum phase excursion is π radians.

  • pwm — Pulse-width modulation. Creates a pulse-width modulated signal from the pulse widths in x. The elements of x must be between 0 and 1, specifying the width of each pulse in fractions of a period. The pulses start at the beginning of each period, that is, they are left justified. modulate(x,fc,fs,'pwm','centered') yields pulses centered at the beginning of each period. The length of y is length(x)*fs/fc.

  • ppm — Pulse-position modulation. Creates a pulse-position modulated signal from the pulse positions in x. The elements of x must be between 0 and 1, specifying the left edge of each pulse in fractions of a period. opt is a scalar between 0 and 1 that specifies the length of each pulse in fractions of a period. The default for opt is 0.1. The length of y is length(x)*fs/fc.

  • qam— Quadrature amplitude modulation. Creates a quadrature amplitude modulated signal from signals x and opt.

    y=x.*cos(2*pi*fc*t) + opt.*sin(2*pi*fc*t)

    The input argument opt must be the same size as x.

Optional input, specified for some methods. Refer to method for more details on how to use opt.

Output Arguments

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Modulated message signal, returned as a real vector or matrix. Except for the methods pwm and ppm, y is the same size as x.

Internal time array used by modulate in its computations, specified as a real vector.

See Also

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Introduced before R2006a

Signal Processing Toolbox Documentation

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