Double-Sided Synchronizer

Back-to-back dog-cone clutch pairs assembled symmetrically about a translational detent to provide smooth gear engagement

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Library:
Simscape / Driveline / Clutches

Description

The block represents a double-sided synchronizer that contains two back-to-back dog clutches, two back-to-back cone clutches, and one translational detent. Shift linkage translation along the negative direction causes the clutches to engage the ring with hub A. Shift linkage translation along the positive direction causes the clutches to engage the ring with hub B. When the magnitude of the shift linkage translation is smaller than the cone clutch ring-hub gap, the synchronizer is in neutral mode and does not transmit torque.

The schematic illustrates a double-sided synchronizer in the disengaged state. In this state, the ring, R, and hub, H_A and H_B, shafts can spin independently at different speeds. As the shift linkage, S, translates in the negative direction, the faces of cone clutch A (CC_A) come into contact. The friction in the cone clutch decreases the difference in rotational speed between the shafts. When the force on the shift linkage exceeds the peak force of detent, D, the dog clutch teeth, T, can engage. The detent peak force should be such that the cone clutch has enough time and normal force to bring the shafts to sufficiently similar speeds to allow engagement of the dog clutch. Similarly, translating the shift linkage along the positive direction allows the faces of cone clutch B (CC_B) to come into contact, and can allow the shaft of the ring to engage with the shaft of the hub B (H_B).

The model implements two Dog Clutch blocks, two Cone Clutch blocks, and one Translational Detent block. Refer to each block reference page for more information on the corresponding block function.

Connections R, H_A, and H_B are mechanical rotational conserving ports that represent the ring,R, hub A (H_A), and hub B (H_B), respectively. Connection S is a mechanical translational conserving port that represents the ring shifter handle.

Connections X1 and X2 are physical signal ports that output the shift linkage positions of the dog clutches and cone clutches, respectively. The tables provide the values of X1 and X2 in common clutch engagement cases.

Dog Clutch State	X1
Disengaged	0
Fully engaged with hub A	Negative sum of ring-hub gap and tooth height
Fully engaged with hub B	Positive sum of ring-hub gap and tooth height

Cone Clutch State	X2
Disengaged	0
Fully engaged with hub A	Negative value of ring-hub gap
Fully engaged with hub B	Positive value of ring-hub gap

The values of X1 and X2 are zero when the synchronizer is fully disengaged. When the dog clutch is fully engaged with hub A, X1 is equal to the negative sum of its ring-hub gap and tooth height. When the dog clutch is fully engaged with hub B, X1 is equal to the positive sum of its ring-hub gap and tooth height. When the cone clutch is fully engaged with hub A, X2 is equal to the negative of its ring-hub gap. When the cone clutch is fully engaged with hub B, X2 is equal to its ring-hub gap.

Thermal Modeling

You can model the effects of heat flow and temperature change through an optional thermal conserving port. By default, the thermal port is hidden. To expose the thermal port, in the Clutch settings, select a temperature-dependent setting tor the Friction model parameter. Specify the associated thermal parameters for the component.

Assumptions and Limitations

The model does not account for inertia effects. You can add a Simscape™ Inertia block at each port to add inertia to the synchronizer model.

Ports

Output

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`X1` — Dog clutch translation
physical signal

Physical signal output port that measures the magnitude of the dog clutch translation.

`X2` — Cone clutch translation
physical signal

Physical signal output port that measures the magnitude of the cone clutch translation.

Conserving

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`HA` — Clutch hub A
mechanical rotational

Mechanical rotational conserving port associated with the clutch hub A shaft.

`HB` — Clutch hub B
mechanical rotational

Mechanical rotational conserving port associated with the clutch hub B shaft.

`R` — Clutch ring
mechanical rotational

Mechanical rotational conserving port associated with the clutch ring.

`S` — Shift linkage
mechanical rotational

Mechanical rotational conserving port associated with shift linkage.

`T` — Heat flow
thermal

Thermal conserving port associated with heat flow.

Dependencies

This port is visible only if, in the Friction settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Temperature-dependent friction coefficients or Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients.

Parameters

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The table shows how the specified options for parameters in both the Cone Clutch and Dog Clutch settings affect the visibility of:

Parameters in the Cone Clutch, Dog Clutch, and Initial Conditions settings
Thermal Port settings
Thermal port T

To learn how to read the table, see Parameter Dependencies.

Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies

Settings	Parameters and Options
Cone Clutch	Contact surface maximum diameter
	Contact surface minimum diameter
	Cone half angle
	Friction model
	`Fixed kinetic friction coefficient`		`Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient`		`Temperature-dependent friction coefficients`	`Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients`
	-		-		Exposes: Conserving port T Thermal Port settings	Exposes: Conserving port T Thermal Port settings
	-		Relative velocity vector			Relative velocity vector
	-		-		Temperature vector	Temperature vector
	Static friction coefficient		Static friction coefficient vector		Static friction coefficient vector	Static friction coefficient matrix
	Kinetic friction coefficient		Kinetic friction coefficient vector		Kinetic friction coefficient vector	Kinetic friction coefficient matrix
	-		Friction coefficient interpolation method		Friction coefficient interpolation method	Friction coefficient interpolation method
	-		Friction coefficient extrapolation method		Friction coefficient extrapolation method	Friction coefficient extrapolation
	Velocity tolerance		Velocity tolerance		Velocity tolerance	Velocity tolerance
	Threshold force		Threshold force		Threshold force	Threshold force
Dog Clutch	Torque transmission model		Torque transmission model		-	-
	`Friction clutch approximation - Suitable for HIL and linearization`	`Dynamic with backlash`	`Friction clutch approximation - Suitable for HIL and linearization`	`Dynamic with backlash`	-	-
	-	-	-	-	Temperature vector	Temperature vector
	Maximum transmitted torque	-	Maximum transmitted torque	-	Maximum transmitted torque vector	Maximum transmitted torque vector
	-	-	-	-	Interpolation method	Interpolation method
	-	-	-	-	Extrapolation method	Extrapolation method
	Clutch teeth mean radius	Clutch teeth mean radius	Clutch teeth mean radius	Clutch teeth mean radius	Clutch teeth mean radius	Clutch teeth mean radius
	-	Number of teeth	-	Number of teeth
		Rotational backlash		Rotational backlash
	-	Torsional stiffness	-	Torsional stiffness
	-	Torsional damping	-	Torsional damping
	-	Tooth-tooth friction coefficient	-	Tooth-tooth friction coefficient
Initial Conditions	Initial state	Initial state	Initial state	Initial state	Initial state	Initial state
	Dog clutch initial shift linkage position	Dog clutch initial shift linkage position	Dog clutch initial shift linkage position	Dog clutch initial shift linkage position	Dog clutch initial shift linkage position	Dog clutch initial shift linkage position
	Cone clutch initial shift linkage position	Cone clutch initial shift linkage position	Cone clutch initial shift linkage position	Cone clutch initial shift linkage position	Cone clutch initial shift linkage position	Cone clutch initial shift linkage position
	-	Initial dog clutch A ring-hub offset angle	-	Initial dog clutch A ring-hub offset angle	-	-
	-	Initial dog clutch B ring-hub offset angle	-	Initial dog clutch B ring-hub offset angle	-	-
Thermal Port	-	-	-	-	Thermal mass	Thermal mass
Thermal Port	-	-	-	-	Initial temperature	Initial temperature

Cone Clutch

`Contact surface maximum diameter` — Outer diameter
`150` `mm` (default) | positive scalar

Outer conical diameter d_o.

`Contact surface minimum diameter` — Inner diameter
`100` `mm` (default) | positive scalar

Inner conical diameter d_i.

`Cone half angle` — Cone half angle
`12` `deg` (default) | positive scalar

Half opening angle α of the cone geometry.

`Friction model` — Friction model
`Fixed kinetic friction coefficient` (default) | `Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient` | `Temperature-dependent friction coefficients` | `Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients`

Parameterization method to model the kinetic friction coefficient. The options and default values for this parameter depend on the friction model that you select for the block. The options are:

Fixed kinetic friction coefficient — Provide a fixed value for the kinetic friction coefficient.
Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient — Define the kinetic friction coefficient by one-dimensional table lookup based on the relative angular velocity between disks.
Temperature-dependent friction coefficients — Define the kinetic friction coefficient by table lookup based on the temperature.
Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients — Define the kinetic friction coefficient by table lookup based on the temperature and the relative angular velocity between disks.

Dependencies

The friction model setting affects the visibility of other parameters, settings, and ports.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Relative velocity vector` — Relative velocity
`[0, 100, 1000]` `rad/s` (default) | vector

Input values for the relative velocity as a vector. The values in the vector must increase from left to right. The minimum number of values depends on the interpolation method that you select. For linear interpolation, provide at least two values per dimension. For smooth interpolation, provide at least three values per dimension.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if the Friction model parameter is set to Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient or Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Temperature vector` — Temperature
`[280, 300, 320]` `K` (default) | increasing vector

Input values for the temperature as a vector. The minimum number of values depends on the interpolation method that you select. For linear interpolation, provide at least two values per dimension. For smooth interpolation, provide at least three values per dimension. The values in the vector must increase from left to right.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if the Friction model parameter is set to Temperature-dependent friction coefficients or Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Static friction coefficient` — Static friction coefficient
`0.35` (default) | scalar

Static or peak value of the friction coefficient. The static friction coefficient must be greater than the kinetic friction coefficient.

Dependencies

this parameter is visible only if the Friction model parameter is set to Fixed kinetic friction coefficient or Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Static friction coefficient vector` — Static friction coefficient
`[.4, .38, .36]` (default) | vector

Static, or peak, values of the friction coefficient as a vector. The vector must have the same number of elements as the temperature vector. Each value must be greater than the value of the corresponding element in the kinetic friction coefficient vector.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if the Friction model parameter is set to Temperature-dependent friction coefficients or Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Kinetic friction coefficient` — Kinetic friction coefficient
`0.3` (default) | positve scalar

The kinetic, or Coulomb, friction coefficient. The coefficient must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if the Friction model parameter is set to Fixed kinetic friction coefficient.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Kinetic friction coefficient vector` — Kinetic friction coefficient
`[.3, .22, .19]` (default) | `[.3, .28, .25]` | vector

Output values for kinetic friction coefficient as a vector. All values must be greater than zero.

If the Friction model parameter is set to

Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient — The vector must have same number of elements as relative velocity vector.
Temperature-dependent friction coefficients — The vector must have the same number of elements as the temperature vector.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if the Friction model parameter is set to Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient or Temperature-dependent friction coefficients.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Kinetic friction coefficient matrix` — Kinetic friction coefficient
`[.34, .32, .3; .3, .28, .25; .25, .2, .15]` (default) | matrix

Output values for kinetic friction coefficient as a matrix. All the values must be greater than zero. The size of the matrix must equal the size of the matrix that is the result of the temperature vector × the kinetic friction coefficient relative velocity vector.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if the Friction model parameter is set to Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Friction coefficient interpolation method` — Interpolation method
`Linear` (default) | `Smooth`

Interpolation method for approximating the output value when the input value is between two consecutive grid points:

Linear — Select this option to get the best performance.
Smooth — Select this option to produce a continuous curve with continuous first-order derivatives.

For more information on interpolation algorithms, see the PS Lookup Table (1D) block reference page.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if, in the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient, Temperature-dependent friction coefficients, or Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Friction coefficient extrapolation method` — Extrapolation method
`Linear` (default) | `Nearest` | `Error`

Extrapolation method for determining the output value when the input value is outside the range specified in the argument list:

Linear — Select this option to produce a curve with continuous first-order derivatives in the extrapolation region and at the boundary with the interpolation region.
Nearest — Select this option to produce an extrapolation that does not go above the highest point in the data or below the lowest point in the data.
Error — Select this option to avoid going into the extrapolation mode when you want your data to be within the table range. If the input signal is outside the range of the table, the simulation stops and generates an error.

For more information on extrapolation algorithms, see the PS Lookup Table (1D) block reference page.

Dependencies

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Velocity tolerance` — Relative velocity locking threshold
`0.001` `rad/s` (default) | scalar

Relative velocity below which the two surfaces can lock. The surfaces lock if the torque is less than the product of the effective radius, the static friction coefficient, and the applied normal force.

`Threshold force` — Normal contact force threshold
`1` `N` (default) | scalar

The normal force is applied only if the amount of force exceeds the value of the Threshold force parameter. Forces below the Threshold force are not applied so there is no transmitted frictional torque.

Dog Clutch

The methods that are available for parameterizing the torque transmission depend whether the friction model is temperature-dependent.

The friction model is determined, in the Cone Clutch settings, by the Friction model parameter setting:

Fixed kinetic friction coefficient — Temperature independent
Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient — Temperature independent
Temperature-dependent friction coefficients — Temperature dependent
Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients — Temperature dependent

For a temperature-independent model, parameterize the block using one of the options for the Torque Transmission Model parameter.

`Torque transmission model` — Torque transmission model
`Friction clutch approximation — Suitable for HIL and linearization` (default) | `Dynamic with backlash`

Computational framework for modeling the dynamic behavior of the dog clutch:

Friction clutch approximation — Suitable for HIL and linearization — Model clutch engagement as a friction phenomenon between the ring and the hub. This model, based on the Fundamental Friction Clutch block, provides a computationally efficient approximation of the dog clutch.
Dynamic with backlash — Model clutch engagement in detail, accounting for such phenomena as backlash, torsional compliance, and contact forces between ring and hub teeth.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if, in the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Fixed kinetic friction coefficient or Velocity-dependent friction coefficients.

The visibility of related parameters in the Dog Clutch and Initial Conditions settings is affected by the option that you select for this parameter.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Temperature vector` — Temperature
`[280, 300, 320]` `K` (default) | increasing vector

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if, in the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Temperature-dependent friction coefficients or Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Maximum transmitted torque` — Maximum transmitted torque
`1000` `N*m` (default) | positive scalar

Largest torque that the clutch can transmit, corresponding to a nonslip engaged configuration. If the torque transmitted between the ring and the hub exceeds this value, the two components begin to slip with respect to each other. This torque determines the static friction limit in the friction clutch approximation

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if, in the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Fixed kinetic friction coefficient or Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient and, in Dog Clutch settings, the Torque transmission model parameter is set to Friction clutch approximation - Suitable for HIL and linearization.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Maximum transmitted torque vector` — Maximum transmitted torque
`[1000, 1050, 1000]` `N*m` (default) | vector

Largest torque that the clutch can transmit, corresponding to a nonslip engaged configuration, specified as a vector. If the torque transmitted between the ring and the hub exceeds this value, the two components begin to slip with respect to each other. This torque determines the static friction limit in the friction clutch approximation. The vector has the same number of elements as the temperature vector.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if, in the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Temperature-dependent kinetic friction coefficient or Temperature and velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Interpolation method` — Interpolation method
`Linear` (default) | `Smooth`

Interpolation method for approximating the output value when the input value is between two consecutive grid points:

Linear — Select this option to get the best performance.
Smooth — Select this option to produce a continuous curve with continuous first-order derivatives.

For more information on interpolation algorithms, see the PS Lookup Table (1D) block reference page.

Dependencies

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Extrapolation method` — Extrapolation method
`Linear` (default) | `Nearest` | `Error`

Extrapolation method for determining the output value when the input value is outside the range specified in the argument list:

Linear — Select this option to produce a curve with continuous first-order derivatives in the extrapolation region and at the boundary with the interpolation region.
Nearest — Select this option to produce an extrapolation that does not go above the highest point in the data or below the lowest point in the data.
Error — Select this option to avoid going into the extrapolation mode when you want your data to be within the table range. If the input signal is outside the range of the table, the simulation stops and generates an error.

For more information on extrapolation algorithms, see the PS Lookup Table (1D) block reference page.

Dependencies

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Clutch teeth mean radius` — Clutch teeth mean radius
`50` `mm` (default) | positive scalar

Distance from the ring or hub center to the corresponding tooth center. The mean tooth radius determines the normal contact forces between ring and hub teeth given the transmission torque between the two components. The value must be greater than zero.

`Number of teeth` — Number of ring or hub teeth
`6` (default) | positive nonzero scalar integer

Total number of teeth in the ring or the hub. The two components have equal tooth numbers. The value must be greater than or equal to one.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if, in the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Fixed kinetic friction coefficient or Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient and, in the Dog Clutch settings, the Torque transmission model parameter is set to Dynamic with backlash.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Rotational backlash` — Rotational backlash
`10` `deg` (default) | positive scalar

Allowable angular motion, or play, between the ring and hub teeth in the engaged clutch configuration. The value must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if, in the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Fixed kinetic friction coefficient or Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient and, in the Dog Clutch settings, the Torque transmission model parameter is set to Dynamic with backlash.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Torsional stiffness` — Torsional stiffness
`10e6` `N*m/rad` (default) | positive scalar

Linear torsional stiffness coefficient at the contact interface between the ring and hub teeth. This coefficient characterizes the restoring component of the contact force between the two sets of teeth. Greater stiffness values correspond to greater contact forces. The value must be greater than zero. The default value is 10e6 N*m/rad.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if, in the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Fixed kinetic friction coefficient or Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient and, in the Dog Clutch settings, the Torque transmission model parameter is set to Dynamic with backlash.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Torsional damping` — Torsional damping
`100` `N*m/(rad/s)` (default) | positive scalar

Linear torsional damping coefficient at the contact interface between the ring and hub teeth. This coefficient characterizes the dissipative component of the contact force between the two sets of teeth. Greater damping values correspond to greater energy dissipation during contact. The value must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if, in the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Fixed kinetic friction coefficient or Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient and, in the Dog Clutch settings, the Torque transmission model parameter is set to Dynamic with backlash.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Tooth-tooth friction coefficient` — Tooth-tooth contact kinetic friction coefficient
`0.05` (default) | positive scalar

Kinetic friction coefficient at the contact interface between ring and hub teeth. This coefficient characterizes the dissipative force that resists shift linkage motion due to tooth-tooth contact during clutch engagement/disengagement.

Greater coefficient values correspond to greater energy dissipation during shift linkage motion. The value must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

This parameter is visible only if, in the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Fixed kinetic friction coefficient or Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient and, in the Dog Clutch settings, the Torque transmission model parameter is set to Dynamic with backlash.

For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

Detent

`Peak force` — Peak shear force
`500` `N` (default) | nonnegative scalar

Peak shear force of the detent.

`Notch width` — Notch width
`3` `mm` (default) | nonnegative scalar

Width of the region where the detent exhibits shear force.

`Viscous friction coefficient` — Viscous friction coefficient
`0.1` `N/(m/s)` (default) | nonnegative scalar

Viscous friction coefficient at the contact surface of the detent. The value must be greater than or equal to zero.

`Friction to peak force ratio` — Friction to peak force ratio
`0.01` (default) | nonnegative scalar

Ratio of the kinetic friction to the peak shear force of the detent. The parameter is used to set the value of the kinetic friction. The parameter must be greater than or equal to zero.

`Friction velocity threshold` — Kinetic friction velocity threshold
`0.05` `m/s` (default)

Velocity required for peak kinetic friction at the contact surface of the detent. The parameter ensures the force is continuous when the travel direction changes, increasing the numerical stability of the simulation. The parameter must be greater than zero. The default value is 0.05 m/s.

Shift Linkage

`Maximum engagement speed` — Engagement speed upper velocity threshold
`inf` (default) | positive scalar

Relative angular velocity between the ring and the hub above which the clutch cannot engage. The value is specific to the specific gearbox or transmission. Minimizing the value helps avoid high dynamic impact during engagement. The value must be greater than zero.

`Tooth overlap to engage` — Tooth overlap engagement threshold
`3` `mm` (default) | positive scalar

Overlap length between ring and hub teeth along the common longitudinal axis above which the clutch can engage. The clutch remains disengaged until the tooth overlap by at least this length. The value must be greater than zero.

`Tooth height` — Tooth height
`10` `mm` (default) | positive scalar

Distance between the base and crest of a tooth. Ring and hub teeth share the same height. The tooth height and the ring-hub clearance when fully disengaged determine the maximum travel span of the shift linkage. The value must be greater than zero.

`Ring-hub clearance when disengaged` — Ring-hub clearance when disengaged
`3` `mm` (default) | positive scalar

Maximum open gap between the ring and hub tooth crests along the shift linkage translation axis. This gap corresponds to the fully disengaged clutch state. The tooth height and the ring-hub clearance when fully disengaged determine the maximum travel span of the shift linkage. The value must be greater than zero.

`Hard stop at back of shift linkage` — Hard stop model
`On` (default) | `Off`

Hard stop that prevents the shift linkage from traveling beyond the fully disengaged position:

On — Hard stop when fully disengaged.
Off — No hard stop when fully disengaged.

`Dog clutch ring stop stiffness` — Dog clutch ring stop stiffness
`10e5` `N/m` (default) | positive scalar

Stiffness of the hard stops on both sides of the dog clutch ring. The model assumes the ring and stops behave elastically. Contact deformation is proportional to the applied force and the reciprocal of the contact stiffness. The value of the stiffness must be assigned with reference to the parameter Tooth overlap to engage. Too low a stiffness could cause the deformation to exceed the required overlap and initiate a false engagement. The parameter must be greater than zero.

`Cone clutch ring stop stiffness` — Cone clutch ring stop stiffness
`10e5` `N/m` (default) | positive scalar

Stiffness of the hard stops on both sides of the cone clutch ring. The model assumes the ring and stops behave elastically. Contact deformation is proportional to the applied force and the reciprocal of the contact stiffness.

`Dog clutch ring stop damping` — Dog clutch ring stop damping
`1e3` `N/(m/s)` (default) | nonegative scalar

Translational contact damping between the dog clutch ring and the hub. The value of the damping is inversely proportional to the number of oscillations that occur after impact. The parameter must be greater than zero.

`Cone clutch ring stop damping` — Cone clutch ring stop damping
`1e3` `N/(m/s)` (default) | nonegative scalar

Translational contact damping between the cone clutch ring and the hub. The value of damping is inversely proportional to the number of oscillations that occur after impact. The parameter must be greater than zero.

`Shift linkage viscous friction coefficient` — Shift linkage viscous friction coefficient
`100` `N/(m/s)` (default) | positive scalar

Viscous friction coefficient for the relative translational motion between the hub and the ring. The value of the parameter depends on lubrication state and quality of contacting surfaces. The coefficient must be greater than or equal to zero.

Initial Conditions

`Initial state` — Initial clutch state
`All clutches unlocked` (default) | `Cone clutch A and dog clutch A locked` | `Cone clutch A locked` | `Cone clutch B locked` | `Cone clutch B and dog clutch B locked`

Beginning configuration of cone and dog clutches:

Cone clutch A and dog clutch A locked — Cone clutch A and dog clutch A transmit torque between the ring and hub shafts.
Cone clutch A locked — Cone clutch A transmits torque between the ring and hub shafts.
All clutches unlocked— Cone and dog clutches transmit zero torque between the ring and hub shafts.
Cone clutch B locked — Cone clutch B transmits torque between the ring and hub shafts.
Cone clutch B and dog clutch B locked — Cone clutch B and dog clutch B transmit torque between the ring and hub shafts.

`Dog clutch initial shift linkage position` — Dog clutch initial shift linkage position
`0` `mm` (default) | scalar

Initial position of the shift linkage section that attaches to the dog clutch. The value of the parameter has these restrictions:

Dog Clutch State	Parameter Restriction
Dog clutch A Initially engaged	Negative of the parameter value must be greater than the sum of parameters Ring-hub clearance when dog clutch disengaged and Tooth overlap to engage
Dog clutch A Initially disengaged	Negative of the parameter value must be smaller than the sum of parameters Ring-hub clearance when dog clutch disengaged and Tooth overlap to engage
Dog clutch B Initially engaged	Parameter value must be greater than the sum of parameters Ring-hub clearance when dog clutch disengaged and Tooth overlap to engage
Dog clutch B Initially disengaged	Parameter value must be smaller than the sum of parameters Ring-hub clearance when dog clutch disengaged and Tooth overlap to engage

`Cone clutch initial shift linkage position` — Cone clutch initial shift linkage position
`0` `mm` (default) | scalar

Initial position of the shift linkage section that attaches to the cone clutch. The value of the parameter has these restrictions:

Cone Clutch State	Parameter Restriction
Cone clutch A initially engaged	Negative of parameter must be greater than the value of Ring-hub clearance when cone clutch disengaged
Cone clutch A initially disengaged	Negative of parameter must be smaller than the value of Ring-hub clearance when cone clutch disengaged
Cone clutch B initially engaged	Parameter must be greater than the value of Ring-hub clearance when cone clutch disengaged
Cone clutch B initially disengaged	Parameter must be smaller than the value of Ring-hub clearance when cone clutch disengaged

`Initial dog clutch A ring-hub offset angle` — Initial dog clutch B ring-hub offset angle
`0` `deg` (default) | scalar

Rotation angle between the ring and the hub of dog clutch B at simulation time zero. This angle determines whether the ring and hub teeth can interlock, and hence whether the clutch can engage. The initial offset angle must satisfy these conditions:

If the clutch initial state is disengaged, the initial offset angle must fall in the range

$- \frac{180^{°}}{N} \leq ϕ_{0} \leq + \frac{180^{°}}{N},$
where N is the number of teeth present in the ring or the hub. The two components contain the same number of teeth.
If the clutch initial state is engaged, the initial offset angle must fall in the range

$- \frac{δ}{2} \leq ϕ_{0} \leq + \frac{δ}{2},$
where δ is the backlash angle between the ring and hub teeth.

Dependencies

This parameter is only visible when both of these conditions are met:

In the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Fixed kinetic friction coefficient or Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient.
In the Dog Clutch settings, the Torque transmission model is set to Dynamic with backlash.

`Initial dog clutch B ring-hub offset angle` — Initial dog clutch A ring-hub offset angle
`0` `deg` (default) | scalar

Rotation angle between the ring and the hub at simulation time zero. This angle determines whether the ring and hub teeth can interlock, and hence whether the clutch can engage. The initial offset angle must satisfy these conditions:

If the clutch initial state is disengaged, the initial offset angle must fall in the range

$- \frac{180^{°}}{N} \leq ϕ_{0} \leq + \frac{180^{°}}{N},$
where N is the number of teeth present in the ring or the hub. The two components contain the same number of teeth.
If the clutch initial state is engaged, the initial offset angle must fall in the range

$- \frac{δ}{2} \leq ϕ_{0} \leq + \frac{δ}{2},$
where δ is the backlash angle between the ring and hub teeth.

Dependencies

This parameter is only visible when both of these conditions are met:

In the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Fixed kinetic friction coefficient or Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient.
In the Dog Clutch settings, the Torque transmission model is set to Dynamic with backlash.

Thermal Port

Thermal Port settings are visible only if, in the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Temperature-dependent friction coefficients or Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients. For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Thermal mass` — Thermal mass
`50` `kJ/K` (default) | scalar

Thermal energy required to change the component temperature by a single degree. The greater the thermal mass, the more resistant the component is to temperature change.

Dependencies

This parameter is only visible when, in the Cone Clutch settings, the Friction model parameter is set to Temperature-dependent friction coefficients or Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients. For more information, see Double-Sided Synchronizer Block Parameter Dependencies.

`Initial temperature` — Initial temperature
`300` `K` (default) | scalar

Component temperature at the start of simulation. The initial temperature alters the component efficiency according to an efficiency vector that you specify, affecting the starting meshing or friction losses.

Dependencies

Thermal Port

These thermal parameters are only visible when you select a temperature-dependent friction model.

Thermal mass: Thermal energy required to change the component temperature by a single degree. The greater the thermal mass, the more resistant the component is to temperature change. The default value is 100 kJ/K.
Initial temperature: Component temperature at the start of simulation. The initial temperature alters the component efficiency according to an efficiency vector that you specify, affecting the starting meshing or friction losses. The default value is 300 K.

More About

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Linearization

To optimize your model for linearization, use the Dog Clutch > Torque transmission model parameter default setting, Friction clutch approximation - Suitable for HIL and linearization.

Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation

For optimal simulation performance, use the Dog Clutch > Torque transmission model parameter default setting, Friction clutch approximation - Suitable for HIL and linearization.

Documentation

Double-Sided Synchronizer

Description

Thermal Modeling

Assumptions and Limitations

Ports

Output

X1 — Dog clutch translation physical signal

X2 — Cone clutch translation physical signal

Conserving

HA — Clutch hub A mechanical rotational

HB — Clutch hub B mechanical rotational

R — Clutch ring mechanical rotational

S — Shift linkage mechanical rotational

T — Heat flow thermal

Dependencies

Parameters

Cone Clutch

Contact surface maximum diameter — Outer diameter 150 mm (default) | positive scalar

Contact surface minimum diameter — Inner diameter 100 mm (default) | positive scalar

Cone half angle — Cone half angle 12 deg (default) | positive scalar

Friction model — Friction model Fixed kinetic friction coefficient (default) | Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient | Temperature-dependent friction coefficients | Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients

Dependencies

Relative velocity vector — Relative velocity [0, 100, 1000] rad/s (default) | vector

Dependencies

Temperature vector — Temperature [280, 300, 320] K (default) | increasing vector

Dependencies

Static friction coefficient — Static friction coefficient 0.35 (default) | scalar

Dependencies

Static friction coefficient vector — Static friction coefficient [.4, .38, .36] (default) | vector

Dependencies

Kinetic friction coefficient — Kinetic friction coefficient 0.3 (default) | positve scalar

Dependencies

Kinetic friction coefficient vector — Kinetic friction coefficient [.3, .22, .19] (default) | [.3, .28, .25] | vector

Dependencies

Kinetic friction coefficient matrix — Kinetic friction coefficient [.34, .32, .3; .3, .28, .25; .25, .2, .15] (default) | matrix

Dependencies

Friction coefficient interpolation method — Interpolation method Linear (default) | Smooth

Dependencies

Friction coefficient extrapolation method — Extrapolation method Linear (default) | Nearest | Error

Dependencies

Velocity tolerance — Relative velocity locking threshold 0.001 rad/s (default) | scalar

Threshold force — Normal contact force threshold 1 N (default) | scalar

Dog Clutch

Torque transmission model — Torque transmission model Friction clutch approximation — Suitable for HIL and linearization (default) | Dynamic with backlash

Dependencies

Temperature vector — Temperature [280, 300, 320] K (default) | increasing vector

Dependencies

Maximum transmitted torque — Maximum transmitted torque 1000 N*m (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Maximum transmitted torque vector — Maximum transmitted torque [1000, 1050, 1000] N*m (default) | vector

Dependencies

Interpolation method — Interpolation method Linear (default) | Smooth

Dependencies

Extrapolation method — Extrapolation method Linear (default) | Nearest | Error

Dependencies

Clutch teeth mean radius — Clutch teeth mean radius 50 mm (default) | positive scalar

Number of teeth — Number of ring or hub teeth 6 (default) | positive nonzero scalar integer

Dependencies

Rotational backlash — Rotational backlash 10 deg (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Torsional stiffness — Torsional stiffness 10e6 N*m/rad (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Torsional damping — Torsional damping 100 N*m/(rad/s) (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Tooth-tooth friction coefficient — Tooth-tooth contact kinetic friction coefficient 0.05 (default) | positive scalar

Dependencies

Detent

Peak force — Peak shear force 500 N (default) | nonnegative scalar

Notch width — Notch width 3 mm (default) | nonnegative scalar

Viscous friction coefficient — Viscous friction coefficient 0.1 N/(m/s) (default) | nonnegative scalar

Friction to peak force ratio — Friction to peak force ratio 0.01 (default) | nonnegative scalar

Friction velocity threshold — Kinetic friction velocity threshold 0.05 m/s (default)

Shift Linkage

Maximum engagement speed — Engagement speed upper velocity threshold inf (default) | positive scalar

Tooth overlap to engage — Tooth overlap engagement threshold 3 mm (default) | positive scalar

Tooth height — Tooth height 10 mm (default) | positive scalar

Ring-hub clearance when disengaged — Ring-hub clearance when disengaged 3 mm (default) | positive scalar

Hard stop at back of shift linkage — Hard stop model On (default) | Off

Dog clutch ring stop stiffness — Dog clutch ring stop stiffness 10e5 N/m (default) | positive scalar

`X1` — Dog clutch translation
physical signal

`X2` — Cone clutch translation
physical signal

`HA` — Clutch hub A
mechanical rotational

`HB` — Clutch hub B
mechanical rotational

`R` — Clutch ring
mechanical rotational

`S` — Shift linkage
mechanical rotational

`T` — Heat flow
thermal

`Contact surface maximum diameter` — Outer diameter
`150` `mm` (default) | positive scalar

`Contact surface minimum diameter` — Inner diameter
`100` `mm` (default) | positive scalar

`Cone half angle` — Cone half angle
`12` `deg` (default) | positive scalar

`Friction model` — Friction model
`Fixed kinetic friction coefficient` (default) | `Velocity-dependent kinetic friction coefficient` | `Temperature-dependent friction coefficients` | `Temperature and velocity-dependent friction coefficients`

`Relative velocity vector` — Relative velocity
`[0, 100, 1000]` `rad/s` (default) | vector

`Temperature vector` — Temperature
`[280, 300, 320]` `K` (default) | increasing vector

`Static friction coefficient` — Static friction coefficient
`0.35` (default) | scalar

`Static friction coefficient vector` — Static friction coefficient
`[.4, .38, .36]` (default) | vector

`Kinetic friction coefficient` — Kinetic friction coefficient
`0.3` (default) | positve scalar

`Kinetic friction coefficient vector` — Kinetic friction coefficient
`[.3, .22, .19]` (default) | `[.3, .28, .25]` | vector

`Kinetic friction coefficient matrix` — Kinetic friction coefficient
`[.34, .32, .3; .3, .28, .25; .25, .2, .15]` (default) | matrix

`Friction coefficient interpolation method` — Interpolation method
`Linear` (default) | `Smooth`

`Friction coefficient extrapolation method` — Extrapolation method
`Linear` (default) | `Nearest` | `Error`

`Velocity tolerance` — Relative velocity locking threshold
`0.001` `rad/s` (default) | scalar

`Threshold force` — Normal contact force threshold
`1` `N` (default) | scalar

`Torque transmission model` — Torque transmission model
`Friction clutch approximation — Suitable for HIL and linearization` (default) | `Dynamic with backlash`

`Temperature vector` — Temperature
`[280, 300, 320]` `K` (default) | increasing vector

`Maximum transmitted torque` — Maximum transmitted torque
`1000` `N*m` (default) | positive scalar

`Maximum transmitted torque vector` — Maximum transmitted torque
`[1000, 1050, 1000]` `N*m` (default) | vector

`Interpolation method` — Interpolation method
`Linear` (default) | `Smooth`

`Extrapolation method` — Extrapolation method
`Linear` (default) | `Nearest` | `Error`

`Clutch teeth mean radius` — Clutch teeth mean radius
`50` `mm` (default) | positive scalar

`Number of teeth` — Number of ring or hub teeth
`6` (default) | positive nonzero scalar integer

`Rotational backlash` — Rotational backlash
`10` `deg` (default) | positive scalar

`Torsional stiffness` — Torsional stiffness
`10e6` `N*m/rad` (default) | positive scalar

`Torsional damping` — Torsional damping
`100` `N*m/(rad/s)` (default) | positive scalar

`Tooth-tooth friction coefficient` — Tooth-tooth contact kinetic friction coefficient
`0.05` (default) | positive scalar

`Peak force` — Peak shear force
`500` `N` (default) | nonnegative scalar

`Notch width` — Notch width
`3` `mm` (default) | nonnegative scalar

`Viscous friction coefficient` — Viscous friction coefficient
`0.1` `N/(m/s)` (default) | nonnegative scalar

`Friction to peak force ratio` — Friction to peak force ratio
`0.01` (default) | nonnegative scalar

`Friction velocity threshold` — Kinetic friction velocity threshold
`0.05` `m/s` (default)

`Maximum engagement speed` — Engagement speed upper velocity threshold
`inf` (default) | positive scalar

`Tooth overlap to engage` — Tooth overlap engagement threshold
`3` `mm` (default) | positive scalar

`Tooth height` — Tooth height
`10` `mm` (default) | positive scalar

`Ring-hub clearance when disengaged` — Ring-hub clearance when disengaged
`3` `mm` (default) | positive scalar

`Hard stop at back of shift linkage` — Hard stop model
`On` (default) | `Off`

`Dog clutch ring stop stiffness` — Dog clutch ring stop stiffness
`10e5` `N/m` (default) | positive scalar

`Cone clutch ring stop stiffness` — Cone clutch ring stop stiffness
`10e5` `N/m` (default) | positive scalar

`Dog clutch ring stop damping` — Dog clutch ring stop damping
`1e3` `N/(m/s)` (default) | nonegative scalar

`Cone clutch ring stop damping` — Cone clutch ring stop damping
`1e3` `N/(m/s)` (default) | nonegative scalar

`Shift linkage viscous friction coefficient` — Shift linkage viscous friction coefficient
`100` `N/(m/s)` (default) | positive scalar

`Initial state` — Initial clutch state
`All clutches unlocked` (default) | `Cone clutch A and dog clutch A locked` | `Cone clutch A locked` | `Cone clutch B locked` | `Cone clutch B and dog clutch B locked`

`Dog clutch initial shift linkage position` — Dog clutch initial shift linkage position
`0` `mm` (default) | scalar

`Cone clutch initial shift linkage position` — Cone clutch initial shift linkage position
`0` `mm` (default) | scalar

`Initial dog clutch A ring-hub offset angle` — Initial dog clutch B ring-hub offset angle
`0` `deg` (default) | scalar

`Initial dog clutch B ring-hub offset angle` — Initial dog clutch A ring-hub offset angle
`0` `deg` (default) | scalar

`Thermal mass` — Thermal mass
`50` `kJ/K` (default) | scalar

`Initial temperature` — Initial temperature
`300` `K` (default) | scalar

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