phased.MVDREstimator

MVDR (Capon) spatial spectrum estimator for ULA

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Description

The MVDREstimator object computes a minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) spatial spectrum estimate for a uniform linear array. This DOA estimator is also referred to as a Capon DOA estimator.

To estimate the spatial spectrum:

  1. Define and set up your MVDR spatial spectrum estimator. See Construction.

  2. Call step to estimate the spatial spectrum according to the properties of phased.MVDREstimator. The behavior of step is specific to each object in the toolbox.

Note

Starting in R2016b, instead of using the step method to perform the operation defined by the System object™, you can call the object with arguments, as if it were a function. For example, y = step(obj,x) and y = obj(x) perform equivalent operations.

Construction

H = phased.MVDREstimator creates an MVDR spatial spectrum estimator System object, H. The object estimates the incoming signal's spatial spectrum using a narrowband MVDR beamformer for a uniform linear array (ULA).

H = phased.MVDREstimator(Name,Value) creates object, H, with each specified property Name set to the specified Value. You can specify additional name-value pair arguments in any order as (Name1,Value1,...,NameN,ValueN).

Properties

SensorArray

Handle to sensor array

Specify the sensor array as a handle. The sensor array must be a phased.ULA object.

Default: phased.ULA with default property values

PropagationSpeed

Signal propagation speed

Specify the propagation speed of the signal, in meters per second, as a positive scalar.

Default: Speed of light

OperatingFrequency

System operating frequency

Specify the operating frequency of the system in hertz as a positive scalar. The default value corresponds to 300 MHz.

Default: 3e8

NumPhaseShifterBits

Number of phase shifter quantization bits

The number of bits used to quantize the phase shift component of beamformer or steering vector weights. Specify the number of bits as a non-negative integer. A value of zero indicates that no quantization is performed.

Default: 0

ForwardBackwardAveraging

Perform forward-backward averaging

Set this property to true to use forward-backward averaging to estimate the covariance matrix for sensor arrays with conjugate symmetric array manifold.

Default: false

SpatialSmoothing

Spatial smoothing

Specify the number of averaging used by spatial smoothing to estimate the covariance matrix as a nonnegative integer. Each additional smoothing handles one extra coherent source, but reduces the effective number of element by 1. The maximum value of this property is M–2, where M is the number of sensors.

Default: 0, indicating no spatial smoothing

ScanAngles

Scan angles

Specify the scan angles (in degrees) as a real vector. The angles are broadside angles and must be between –90 and 90, inclusive. You must specify the angles in ascending order.

Default: -90:90

DOAOutputPort

Enable DOA output

To obtain the signal's direction of arrival (DOA), set this property to true and use the corresponding output argument when invoking step. If you do not want to obtain the DOA, set this property to false.

Default: false

NumSignals

Number of signals

Specify the number of signals for DOA estimation as a positive scalar integer. This property applies when you set the DOAOutputPort property to true.

Default: 1

Methods

plotSpectrumPlot spatial spectrum
resetReset states of MVDR spatial spectrum estimator object
stepPerform spatial spectrum estimation
Common to All System Objects
release

Allow System object property value changes

Examples

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Open Live Script

First, estimate the DOAs of two signals received by a standard 10-element ULA with element spacing of 1 meter. The antenna operating frequency is 150 MHz. The actual direction of the first signal is 10° in azimuth and 20° in elevation. The direction of the second signal is 60° in azimuth and −5° in elevation. Then, plot the MVDR spatial spectrum.

Note: This example runs only in R2016b or later. If you are using an earlier release, replace each call to the function with the equivalent step syntax. For example, replace myObject(x) with step(myObject,x).

Create the signals with added noise. Then, create the ULA System object™.

fs = 8000;
t = (0:1/fs:1).';
x1 = cos(2*pi*t*300);
x2 = cos(2*pi*t*400);
array = phased.ULA('NumElements',10,'ElementSpacing',1);
array.Element.FrequencyRange = [100e6 300e6];
fc = 150.0e6;
x = collectPlaneWave(array,[x1 x2],[10 20;60 -5]',fc);
noise = 0.1*(randn(size(x)) + 1i*randn(size(x)));

Construct MVDR estimator System object.

estimator = phased.MVDREstimator('SensorArray',array,...
    'OperatingFrequency',fc,'DOAOutputPort',true,'NumSignals',2);

Estimate the DOAs.

[y,doas] = estimator(x + noise);
doas = broadside2az(sort(doas),[20 -5])
doas = 1×2

    9.5829   60.3813

Plot the spectrum.

plotSpectrum(estimator)

References

[1] Van Trees, H. Optimum Array Processing. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 2002.

Extended Capabilities

See Also

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Introduced in R2011a

Phased Array System Toolbox Documentation

Support