M-FSK Modulator Baseband
Modulate using M-ary frequency shift keying method
Library
FM, in Digital Baseband sublibrary of Modulation
Description
The M-FSK Modulator Baseband block modulates using the M-ary frequency shift keying method. The output is a baseband representation of the modulated signal. For information about the data types each block port supports, see Supported Data Types.
To prevent aliasing from occurring in the output signal, set the sampling frequency greater than the product of M and the Frequency separation parameter. Sampling frequency is Samples per symbol divided by the input symbol period (in seconds).
Integer-Valued Signals and Binary-Valued Signals
The input and output signals for this block are discrete-time signals.
When you set the Input type parameter to Integer,
the block accepts integer values between 0 and M-1. M represents
the M-ary number block parameter.
When you set the Input type parameter to Bit,
the block accepts binary-valued inputs that represent integers. The
block collects binary-valued signals into groups of K =
log2(M) bits
where
K represents the number of bits per symbol.
The input vector length must be an integer multiple of K. In this configuration, the block accepts a group of K bits and maps that group onto a symbol at the block output. The block outputs one modulated symbol, oversampled by the Samples per symbol parameter value, for each group of K bits.
The Symbol set ordering parameter indicates
how the block maps a group of K input bits to a
corresponding symbol. When you set the parameter to Binary,
the block maps [u(1) u(2) ... u(K)] to the
integer
and assumes that this integer is the input value. u(1) is the most significant bit.
If you set M = 8, Symbol set ordering to Binary,
and the binary input word is [1 1 0],
the block converts [1 1 0] to the
integer 6. The block produces the same output when the input is 6
and the Input type parameter is Integer.
When you set Symbol set ordering to Gray,
the block uses a Gray-coded arrangement and assigns binary inputs
to points of a predefined Gray-coded signal constellation. The predefined
M-ary Gray-coded signal constellation assigns the binary representation
M = 8; P = [0:M-1]'; de2bi(bitxor(P,floor(P/2)), log2(M),'left-msb')
to the Pth integer.
The following tables show the typical Binary to Gray mapping for M = 8.
Binary to Gray Mapping for Bits
| Binary Code | Gray Code |
|---|---|
| 000 | 000 |
| 001 | 001 |
| 010 | 011 |
| 011 | 010 |
| 100 | 110 |
| 101 | 111 |
| 110 | 101 |
| 111 | 100 |
Binary to Gray Mapping for Integers
| Binary Code | Gray Code |
|---|---|
| 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 3 |
| 3 | 2 |
| 4 | 6 |
| 5 | 7 |
| 6 | 5 |
| 7 | 4 |
Single-Rate Processing
In single-rate processing mode, the input and output signals have the same port sample time. The block implicitly implements the rate change by making a size change at the output when compared to the input. In this mode, the input to the block can be multiple symbols.
When you set Input type to
Integer, the input can be a column vector, the length of which is the number of input symbols.When you set Input type to
Bit, the input width must be an integer multiple of K, the number of bits per symbol.
The output width equals the product of the number of input symbols and the Samples per symbol parameter value.
Multirate Processing
In multirate processing mode, the input and output signals have different port sample times. In this mode, the input to the block must be one symbol.
When you set Input type to
Integer, the input must be a scalar.When you set Input type to
Bit, the input width must equal the number of bits per symbol.
The output sample time equals the symbol period divided by the Samples per symbol parameter value.
To run the M-FSK Modulator block in multirate mode, clear the Treat each discrete rate as a separate task checkbox (in Simulation > Configuration Parameters > Solver).
Parameters
- M-ary number
The number of frequencies in the modulated signal.
- Input type
Indicates whether the input consists of integers or groups of bits. If you set this parameter to
Bit, then the M-ary number parameter must be 2K for some positive integer K.- Symbol set ordering
Determines how the block maps each group of input bits to a corresponding integer.
- Frequency separation (Hz)
The distance between successive frequencies in the modulated signal.
- Phase continuity
Determines whether the modulated signal changes phases in a continuous or discontinuous way.
If you set the Phase continuity parameter to
Continuous, then the modulated signal maintains its phase even when it changes its frequency. If you set the Phase continuity parameter toDiscontinuous, then the modulated signal comprises portions of M sinusoids of different frequencies. Thus, a change in the input value sometimes causes a change in the phase of the modulated signal.- Samples per symbol
The number of output samples that the block produces for each integer or binary word in the input.
- Rate options
Select the rate processing option for the block.
Enforce single-rate processing— When you select this option, the input and output signals have the same port sample time. The block implements the rate change by making a size change at the output when compared to the input. The output width equals the product of the number of symbols and the Samples per symbol parameter value.Allow multirate processing— When you select this option, the input and output signals have different port sample times. The output sample time equals the symbol period divided by the Samples per symbol parameter value.
- Output data type
You can specify the output type of the block as either a
doubleor asingle. By default, the block sets this value todouble.
Supported Data Types
| Port | Supported Data Types |
|---|---|
Input |
|
Output |
|
Pair Block
References
[1] Sklar, Bernard. Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2001.