%% Work with Protected Categorical Arrays
% This example shows how to work with a categorical array with protected categories.
% When you create a categorical array with the categorical function, you have the option of specifying whether or not the categories are protected. Ordinal categorical arrays always have protected categories, but you also can create a nonordinal categorical array that is protected using the 'Protected',true name-value pair argument.
% When you assign values that are not in the array's list of categories, the array updates automatically so that its list of categories includes the new values. Similarly, you can combine (nonordinal) categorical arrays that have different categories. The categories in the result include the categories from both arrays.
% When you assign new values to a protected categorical array, the values must belong to one of the existing categories. Similarly, you can only combine protected arrays that have the same categories.
% If you want to combine two nonordinal categorical arrays that have protected categories, they must have the same categories, but the order does not matter. The resulting categorical array uses the category order from the first array.
% If you want to combine two ordinal categorical array (that always have protected categories), they must have the same categories, including their order.
% To add new categories to the array, you must use the function addcats.
%% Create Ordinal Categorical Array
% Create a categorical array containing the sizes of 10 objects. Use the names  small, medium, and large for the values 'S', 'M', and 'L'.

A = categorical({'M';'L';'S';'S';'M';'L';'M';'L';'M';'S'},...
                {'S','M','L'},{'small','medium','large'},'Ordinal',true)

%
% A is a 10-by-1 categorical array.
% Display the categories of A.

categories(A)

%
%% Verify That Categories Are Protected
% When you create an ordinal categorical array, the categories are always protected.
% Use the isprotected function to verify that the categories of A are protected.

tf = isprotected(A)

% The categories of A are protected.
%
%% Assign Value in New Category
% If you try to assign a new value that does not belong to one of the existing categories, then MATLAB® returns an error. For example, you cannot assign the value 'xlarge' to the categorical array, as in the expression A(2) = 'xlarge', because xlarge is not a category of A. Instead, MATLAB® returns the error:
% Error using categorical/subsasgn (line 68)
% Cannot add a new category 'xlarge' to this categorical array
% because its categories are protected.  Use ADDCATS to
% add the new category.
% To add a new category for xlarge, use the addcats function. Since A is ordinal you must specify the order for the new category.

A = addcats(A,'xlarge','After','large');

%
% Now, assign a value for 'xlarge', since it has an existing category.

A(2) = 'xlarge'

% A is now a 10-by-1 categorical array with four categories, such that  small < medium < large < xlarge.
%
%% Combine Two Ordinal Categorical Arrays
% Create another ordinal categorical array, B, containing the sizes of five items.

B = categorical([2;1;1;2;2],1:2,{'xsmall','small'},'Ordinal',true)

%
% B is a 5-by-1 categorical array with two categories such that xsmall < small.
% To combine two ordinal categorical arrays (which always have protected categories), they must have the same categories and the categories must be in the same order.
% Add the category 'xsmall' to A before the category 'small'.

A = addcats(A,'xsmall','Before','small');

categories(A)

%
% Add the categories {'medium','large','xlarge'} to B after the category 'small'.

B = addcats(B,{'medium','large','xlarge'},'After','small');

categories(B)

%
% The categories of A and B are now the same including their order.
% Vertically concatenate A and B.

C = [A;B]

%
% The values from B are appended to the values from A.
% List the categories of C.

categories(C)

% C is a 16-by-1 ordinal categorical array with five categories, such that xsmall < small < medium < large < xlarge.
% Copyright 2012 The MathWorks, Inc.