Model mixer and local oscillator described by rfdata
object
RF Blockset / Equivalent Baseband / Mixers
The General Mixer block models the mixer described by an RF Toolbox™ data (rfdata.data
)
object.
Data source
— Data source that describes the mixer behaviorData file
(default) | RFDATA
objectData source that describes the mixer behavior, specified as a
Data file
or an RFDATA
object.
Data Types: char
Data file
— Name of file that contains mixer datadefault.s2d
(default) | string | character vectorName of file that contains the mixer data, specified as a string or a character vector. The file name must include the extension. If the file is not in your MATLAB® path, specify the full path to the file or click the Browse button to find the file.
To enable this parameter, choose Data
file
in Data source.
Data Types: char
| string
Note
If the data file contains an intermodulation table, the General Mixer block ignores the table. Use RF Toolbox software to ensure the cascade has no significant spurs in the frequency band of interest before running a simulation.
RFDATA object
— RF data object that contains mixer dataread(rfdata.data,
'default.s2p')
(default) | rfdata.data
objectRF data object that contains the mixer data, specified as an
RF Toolbox
rfdata.data
object, an RF Toolbox command that creates the rfdata.data
object, or a MATLAB expression that generates such an object.
Interpolation method
— Method to interpolate network parametersLinear
(default) | Spline
| Cubic
Method to interpolate the network parameters, specified as one of the following:
Method | Description |
---|---|
Linear | Linear interpolation |
Spline | Cubic spline interpolation |
Cubic | Piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation |
Mixer Type
— Type of mixerDownconverter
(default) | Upconverter
Type of mixer, specified as Downconverter
or
Upconverter
.
LO frequency (Hz)
— Local oscillator frequency0.9e9
(default) | M-element vectorLocal oscillator frequency, specified as an M-element vector with each element unit in hertz.
If you choose Mixer Type as
Downconverter
, then the blockset computes the
mixer output frequency, fout, from
the mixer input frequency, fin,
and the local oscillator frequency,
flo, as fout =
fin –
flo.
If you Mixer Type as
Upconverter
, then fout =
fin +
flo.
Note
For a downconverting mixer, the local oscillator frequency must satisfy the condition fin – flo ≥ 1/(2ts), where ts is the sample time specified in the Input Port block. Otherwise, an error appears.
Phase noise frequency offset (Hz)
— Phase noise frequency offset[0.1 1 10 100]*1e3
(default) | numeric vectorPhase noise frequency offset, specified as a numeric vector with units in hertz.
Data Types: double
Phase noise level (dBc/Hz)
— Phase noise level[-70 -120 -140 -150]
(default) | numeric vectorPhase noise level, specified as a numeric vector with units in decibels relative to the carrier per hertz.
Data Types: double
Noise type
— Type of noise dataNoise figure
(default) | Spot noise data
| Noise factor
| Noise temperature
Type of noise data, specified as one of the following:
Noise figure
Spot noise data
Noise factor
Noise temperature
This parameter is disabled if the data source contains noise data.
Noise figure (dB)
— Available signal-to-noise ratio at the input to available signal-to-noise ratio at the output0
(default) | scalar ratio | vector of ratiosAvailable signal-to-noise ratio at the input to available signal-to-noise ratio at the output, specified as a scalar ratio or a vector of ratios.
To enable this parameter, select Noise figure
in
Noise type.
Minimum noise figure
— Minimum ratio of available signal-to-noise ratio at input to available signal-to-noise ratio at output0
(default) | scalar ratio | vector of ratiosMinimum ratio of available signal-to-noise ratio at the input to available signal-to-noise ratio at the output, specified as a scalar ratio or a vector of ratios.
To enable this parameter, select Spot noise data
in
Noise type.
Optimal reflection coefficient
— Optimal source impedance1+0i
(default) | complex scalar | complex vectorOptimal source impedance, specified as a complex scalar or a complex vector.
To enable this parameter, select Spot noise data
in
Noise type.
Equivalent normalized noise resistance
— Normalized resistance values used to take noise measurement1
(default) | positive scalar | positive vectorNormalized resistance values used to take noise measurement, specified as a positive scalar or a positive vector.
To enable this parameter, select Spot noise data
in
Noise type.
Noise factor
— Ratio of available signal-to-noise power at input to available signal-to-noise power at output1
(default) | scalar ratio | vector of ratiosRatio of available signal-to-noise power at the input to available signal-to-noise power at the output, specified as a scalar ratio or a vector of ratios.
To enable this parameter, select Noise factor
in
Noise type.
Noise temperature (K)
— Equivalent temperature that produces same amount of noise as mixer0
(default) | nonnegative scalar | nonnegative vectorEquivalent temperature that produces the same amount of noise as the mixer, specified as a nonnegative scalar or nonnegative vector with units in kelvins.
To enable this parameter, select Noise temperature
in
Noise type.
Frequency (Hz)
— Domain of frequencies to express noise data2.0e9
(default) | nonnegative scalar | nonnegative vectorDomain of frequencies to express noise data, specified as a nonnegative scalar in hertz or nonnegative vector with each element unit in hertz. If you provide a scalar value for your noise data, the block ignores the Frequency (Hz) parameter and uses the same noise data for all frequencies. If you provide a vector of values for your noise data, it must be the same size as the vector of frequencies. The block uses the Interpolation method specified in the Main tab to interpolate noise data.
IP3 type
— Type of third order interceptOIP3
(default) | IIP3
Type of third order intercept, specified as OIP3
(output intercept
point) or IIP3
(input intercept point). This parameter is disabled if
the data source contains power data or IP3 data.
IP3 (dBm)
— IP3 valueinf
(default) | scalar | vectorIP3 value, specified as a scalar in dBm for frequency independent nonlinear data or a vector with each element unit in dBm for frequency dependent nonlinear data. This parameter is disabled if the data source contains power data or IP3 data.
1dB gain compression power (dBm)
— Output power value at which gain has decreased by 1 dBinf
(default) | scalar | vectorOutput power value () at which the gain has decreased by 1 dB, specified as a scalar in dBm for frequency independent nonlinear data or vector with each element unit in dBm for frequency dependent nonlinear data. This parameter is disabled if the data source contains power data or IP3 data.
Output saturation power (dBm)
— Output power value that mixer produces when fully saturatedinf
(default) | scalar | vectorOutput power value () that the mixer produces when fully saturated, specified as a scalar in dBm for frequency independent nonlinear data or a vector with each element unit in dBm for frequency dependent nonlinear data. This parameter is disabled if the data source contains output saturation power data.
Gain compression at saturation (dB)
— Decrease in gain value3
(default) | scalar | vectorDecrease in gain value () when the power is fully saturated, specified as a scalar in dB for frequency independent nonlinear data or a vector with each element unit in dB for frequency dependent nonlinear data.
Frequency (Hz)
— Frequency points corresponding to third-order intercept or power data2.0e9
(default) | positive scalar | positive vectorFrequency points corresponding to third-order intercept or power data, specified as a positive scalar or positive vector in units of hertz. This parameter is disabled if the data source contains power data or IP3 data.
If you specify the frequency as a scalar, then the IP3 (dBm), 1 dB gain compression power (dBm), and Output saturation power (dBm) parameters must all be scalars.
If you specify the frequency as a vector, then or more of the IP3 (dBm), 1 dB gain compression power (dBm), and Output saturation power (dBm) parameters must also be a vector.
Source of frequency data
— Frequency data sourceExtracted from data source
(default) | User-specified
Frequency data source, specified as Extracted from data
source
or User-specified
.
Frequency data
— Frequency data range[1e9:1e8:2.9e9]
(default) | vectorFrequency data range, specified as a vector with each element unit in hertz.
Source of input power data
— Input power data sourceExtracted from data
source
(default)Input power data source, specified as Extracted from data
source
.
Input power data (dBm)
— Input power data[0:19]
(default) | vectorInput power data, specified as a vector with each element unit in dBm.
Reference impedance (ohms)
— Reference impedance50
(default) | nonnegative scalarReference impedance, specified as a nonnegative scalar in ohms.
Plot type
— Type of data plotX-Y plane
(default) | Composite data
| Polar plane
| Z Smith chart
| Y Smith chart
| ZY Smith chart
Type of data plot to visualize using the given data, specified as one of the following:
X-Y plane
— Generate a Cartesian plot of the
data versus frequency. To create linear, semilog, or log-log plots, set the
Y-axis scale and X-axis scale
accordingly.
Composite data
— Plot the composite
data.
Polar plane
— Generate a polar plot of the
data. The block plots only the range of data corresponding to the specified
frequencies.
Z smith chart
, Y smith
chart
, and ZY smith chart
—
Generate a Smith® chart. The block
plots only the range of data corresponding to the specified frequencies.
Y parameter1
— Type of parameters to plotS11
(default) | S12
| S21
| S22
| GroupDelay
| OIP3
| NF
| ...Type of S-Parameters to plot, specified as one of the following. When
noise is spectral, NF
plotting is
possible.
S11 | S12 | S21 | S22 |
GroupDelay | OIP3 | NF | NFactor |
NTemp | Fmin | GammaOPT | RN |
PhaseNoise |
Y parameter2
— Type of parameters to plotS11
| S12
| S21
| S22
| GroupDelay
| OIP3
| NF
| ...Type of S-Parameters to plot, specified as one of the following. When
noise is spectral, NF
plotting is
possible.
S11 | S12 | S21 | S22 |
GroupDelay | OIP3 | NF | NFactor |
NTemp | Fmin | GammaOPT | RN |
Y format1
— Plot formatMagnitude (decibels)
(default) | Magnitude (linear)
| Angle(degrees)
| Angle(radians)
| Real
| Imaginary
Plot format, specified as one of the following.
Magnitude (decibels) | Magnitude (linear) | Angle(degrees) | Angle(radians) |
Real | Imaginary |
Y format2
— Plot formatMagnitude (decibels)
(default) | Magnitude (linear)
| Angle(degrees)
| Angle(radians)
| Real
| Imaginary
Plot format, specified as one of the following.
Magnitude (decibels) | Magnitude (linear) | Angle(degrees) | Angle(radians) |
Real | Imaginary |
X parameter
— Frequency plotFreq
(default)Frequency plot, specified as Freq
.
X format
— Frequency plot formatHz
(default) | Auto
| kHz
| MHz
| GHz
| THz
Frequency plot format, specified as one of the following.
Auto | Hz | kHz | MHz |
GHz | THz |
Y scale
— Y-axis scaleLinear
(default) | Log
Y-axis scale, specified as Linear
or Log
.
X scale
— X-axis scaleLinear
(default) | Log
X-axis scale, specified as Linear
or Log
.
Plot
— Plot specified dataPlot specified data using the plot button.
The network parameter values all refer to the mixer input frequency. If network
parameter data and corresponding frequencies exist as S-parameters in the
rfdata.data
object, the General Mixer block interpolates the
S-parameters to determine their values at the modeling frequencies. If the block
contains network Y- or Z-parameters, the block first converts them to S-parameters.
See Map Network Parameters to Modeling Frequencies for more details.
RF Blockset™ Equivalent Baseband software computes the reflected wave at the mixer input () and at the mixer output () from the interpolated S-parameters as
where
and are the mixer input and output frequencies, respectively.
and are the incident waves at the mixer input and output, respectively.
The interpolated S21 parameter values describe the conversion gain as a function of frequency, referred to the mixer input frequency.
You can specify active block noise in one of the following ways:
Spot noise data in the data source.
Spot noise data in the block dialog box.
Spot noise data (rfdata.noise
) object in the block dialog box.
Noise figure, noise factor, or noise temperature value in the block dialog box.
Frequency-dependent noise figure data (rfdata.nf
) object in the block dialog box.
The latter four options are only available if noise data does not exist in the data source.
If you specify block noise as spot noise data, the block uses the data to calculate noise figure. The block first interpolates the noise data for the modeling frequencies, using the specified Interpolation method. It then calculates the noise figure using the resulting values.
The General Mixer block applies phase noise to a complex baseband signal. The block first generates additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and filters the noise with a digital FIR filter. It then adds the resulting noise to the angle component of the input signal.
The blockset computes the digital filter by:
Interpolating the specified phase noise level to determine the phase noise values at the modeling frequencies.
Taking the IFFT of the resulting phase noise spectrum to get the coefficients of the FIR filter.
Note
If you specify phase noise as a scalar value, then the blockset assumes that the phase noise is the phase noise is constant at all modeling frequencies and does not have a 1/f slope. This assumption differs from that made by the Mathematical Mixer block.
If power data exists in the data source, the block extracts the AMAM/AMPM nonlinearities from it.
If the data source contains no power data, then you can introduce nonlinearities into your model by specifying parameters in the Nonlinearity Data tab of the General Mixer block dialog box. Depending on which of these parameters you specify, the block computes up to four of the coefficients , , , and of the polynomial
that determines the AM/AM conversion for the input signal . The block automatically calculates , the linear gain term. If you do not specify additional nonlinearity data, the block operates as a mixer with a linear gain. If you do, the block calculates one or more of the remaining coefficients as the solution to a system of linear equations, determined by the following method.
The block checks whether you have specified a value other than
Inf
for:
The third-order intercept point ( or ).
The output power at the 1-dB compression point ().
The output power at saturation ().
In addition, if you have specified , the block uses the value for the gain compression at saturation (). Otherwise, is not used. You define each of these parameters in the block dialog box, on the Nonlinearity Data tab.
The block calculates a corresponding input or output value for the parameters you have specified. In units of dB and dBm,
where is in units of dB.
The block formulates the coefficients , , and , where applicable, as the solutions to a system of one, two, or three linear equations. The number of equations used is equal to the number of parameters you provide. For example, if you specify all three parameters, the block formulates the coefficients according to the following equations:
The first two equations are the evaluation of the polynomial at the points and , expressed in linear units (such as W or mW) and normalized to a 1-Ω impedance. The third equation is the definition of the third-order intercept point.
The calculation omits higher-order terms according to the available degrees of freedom of the system. If you specify only two of the three parameters, the block does not use the equation involving the parameter you did not specify, and eliminates any terms from the remaining equations. Similarly, if you provide only one of the parameters, the block uses only the solution to the equation involving that parameter and omits any or terms.
If you provide vectors of nonlinearity and frequency data, then the block calculates the polynomial coefficients using values for the parameters interpolated at the center frequency.
Agilent® P2D and S2D files define block parameters for several operating conditions. Operating conditions are the independent parameter settings that are used when creating the file data. By default, the blockset defines the block behavior using the parameter values that correspond to the operating conditions that appear first in the file. To use other property values, you must select a different operating condition in the General Mixer block dialog box.