Ways to Write Unit Tests

To guide software development and monitor for regressions in code functionality, you can write unit tests for your programs. The MATLAB^® unit testing framework supports three test authoring schemes:

Script-based unit tests: Write each unit test as a separate section of a test script file. You can perform basic qualifications, access the diagnostics that the framework records on test results, refine the test suite by selecting the tests you want to run, and customize the test run by creating and configuring a TestRunner object.
Function-based unit tests: Write each unit test as a local function within a test function file. Function-based tests subscribe to the xUnit testing philosophy. In addition to supporting the functionality provided by script-based tests, function-based tests give you access to a rich set of test authoring features. For example, you can use advanced qualification features, including constraints, tolerances, and test diagnostics.
Class-based unit tests: Write each unit test as a Test method within a class definition file. In addition to supporting the functionality provided by script-based and function-based tests, class-based tests provide you with several advanced test authoring features and give you access to the full framework functionality. For example, you can use shared test fixtures, parameterize tests, and reuse test content.

Test authoring schemes in order of increasing functionality: script-based tests, function-based tests, and class-based tests

Script-Based Unit Tests

With script-based tests, you can:

Define variables to share among tests or preconditions necessary for tests.
Perform basic qualifications using the assert function. For example, you can use assert(isequal(actVal,expVal)) to assert that actual and expected values are equal. (Advanced qualification features are supported only for function-based and class-based tests.)
Access test diagnostics recorded by the framework. For more information, see Programmatically Access Test Diagnostics. (Advanced diagnostic actions are supported only for function-based and class-based tests.)

Typically, with script-based tests, you create a test file, and pass the file name to the runtests function without explicitly creating a suite of Test elements. If you create an explicit test suite (using the testsuite function or a method of the matlab.unittest.TestSuite class), there are additional features available in script-based testing. With an explicit test suite, you can:

Refine your suite, for example, using the classes in the matlab.unittest.selectors package. (Several of the selectors are applicable only for class-based tests.)
Create a TestRunner object and customize it to run your tests. You can add the plugin classes in the matlab.unittest.plugins package to the test runner.

For more information about script-based tests, see Write Script-Based Unit Tests and Extend Script-Based Tests.

Function-Based Unit Tests

Function-based tests support the functionality provided by script-based tests. In addition, with function-based tests, you can:

Set up the pretest state of the system and return it to the original state after running the test. You can perform these tasks once per test file or once per unit test. For more information, see Write Test Using Setup and Teardown Functions.
Use the fixture classes in the matlab.unittest.fixtures package (with the applyFixture method) to handle the setup and teardown of frequently used testing actions.
Record diagnostic information at a certain verbosity level by using the log method.
Use the full library of qualifications in the matlab.unittest.qualifications package. To determine which qualification to use, see Table of Verifications, Assertions, and Other Qualifications.
Use advanced qualification features, including constraints, actual value proxies, tolerances, and test diagnostics. You can use the classes in the matlab.unittest.constraints and matlab.unittest.diagnostics packages in your qualifications.

For more information about function-based tests, see Write Function-Based Unit Tests and Extend Function-Based Tests.

Class-Based Unit Tests

Class-based tests support the functionality provided by script-based and function-based tests. In addition, with class-based tests, you can:

Use setup and teardown method blocks to implicitly set up the pretest environment state and return it to the original state after running the tests. For more information, see Write Setup and Teardown Code Using Classes.
Share fixtures among classes. For more information, see Write Tests Using Shared Fixtures.
Group tests into categories and then run the tests with specified tags. For more information, see Tag Unit Tests.
Write parameterized tests to combine and execute tests on specified lists of parameters. For more information, see Use Parameters in Class-Based Tests.
Use subclassing and inheritance to share and reuse test content. For example, you can reuse the parameters and methods defined in a test class by deriving subclasses. For more information, see Hierarchies of Classes — Concepts.

For more information about class-based tests, see Author Class-Based Unit Tests in MATLAB.

Extend Unit Testing Framework

The unit testing framework provides test tool authors the ability to extend test writing through custom constraints, diagnostics, fixtures, and plugins. For example, you can create a custom plugin and use it to extend the test runner when you run your script-based, function-based, or class-based unit tests. For more information, see Extend Unit Testing Framework.

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