CIC Compensation Decimator

Compensate for CIC filter using FIR decimator

Library

Filtering/Filter Designs

dspfdesign

Description

The CIC Compensation Decimator block uses an FIR polyphase decimator as the compensation filter. CIC compensation decimators are multirate FIR filters that can be cascaded with CIC decimators to mitigate the drawbacks of the CIC filters.

CIC decimation filters are used in areas that require high decimation. These filters are popular in ASICs and FPGAs, since they do not have any multipliers. CIC filters have two drawbacks:

CIC filters have a magnitude response that causes a droop in the passband region. This magnitude response is:
$a b s {(\frac{\sin (M \frac{ω}{2})}{\sin (\frac{ω}{2})})}^{n}$
- M — Differential delay
- n — Number of stages
- ω — Normalized angular frequency
CIC filters have a wide transition region.

The compensation decimator filters have an inverse passband response to correct for the CIC droop, and they have a narrow transition width.

This block brings the capabilities of the dsp.CICCompensationDecimator System object™ to the Simulink^® environment.

Dialog Box

Main Tab

Rate change factor: Rate change factor for the CIC filter to be compensated, specified as a positive scalar integer. The default is 2.
Number of sections: Number of decimator and comb sections of the CIC filter to be compensated, specified as a positive scalar integer. The default is 2.
Differential delay: Delay value used in each of the comb sections of the CIC filter to be compensated, specified as a positive scalar integer. The default is 1.

Decimation factor

Decimation factor of the compensator, specified as a positive scalar integer. The default is 2.

Minimum order filter design

When you select this check box, the block designs filters with the minimum order that meets the specifications passband frequency, stopband frequency, passband ripple, and stopband attenuation. When you clear this check box, the block designs filters with the order that you specify in Filter order.

By default, this check box is selected.

Filter order

Order of compensation filter, specified as a positive scalar integer. The default is 12.

Passband edge frequency (Hz)

Passband edge frequency of the compensation filter, specified as a real positive scalar in Hz. Passband edge frequency (Hz) must be less than F_s/2, where F_s is the input sample rate. The default value is 100000.

Stopband edge frequency (Hz)

Stopband edge frequency of the compensation filter, specified as a real positive scalar in Hz. Stopband edge frequency (Hz) must be less than F_s/2, where F_s is the input sample rate. This parameter applies when you select the Minimum order filter design check box. The default is 400000.

Passband ripple (dB)

Passband ripple of the compensation filter, specified as a real positive scalar in dB. The default is 0.1.

Stopband attenuation (dB)

Stopband attenuation of the compensation filter, specified as a real positive scalar in dB. The default is 60.

Inherit sample rate from input

When you select this check box, the block inherits its sample rate from the input signal. When you clear this check box, you must specify the sample rate in Input sample rate (Hz).

Input sample rate (Hz)

Input sample rate, specified as a scalar in Hz. The default is 1200000.

View Filter Response

Opens the Filter Visualization Tool FVTool and displays the magnitude/phase response of the CIC Compensation Decimator. The response is based on the block dialog box parameters. Changes made to these parameters update FVTool.

To update the magnitude response while FVTool is running, modify the dialog box parameters and click Apply.

Simulate using

Type of simulation to run. You can set this parameter to:

Code generation (default)
Simulate model using generated C code. The first time you run a simulation, Simulink generates C code for the block. The C code is reused for subsequent simulations, as long as the model does not change. This option requires additional startup time but provides faster simulation speed than Interpreted execution.
Interpreted execution
Simulate model using the MATLAB^® interpreter. This option shortens startup time but has slower simulation speed than Code generation.

Data Types Tab

Rounding mode

Rounding method for the output fixed-point operations. The rounding methods are Ceiling, Convergent, Floor, Nearest, Round, Simplest, and Zero. The default is Floor.

Coefficients

Fixed-point data type of the coefficients, specified as one of the following:

fixdt(1,16) (default) — Signed fixed-point data type of word length 16, with binary point scaling. The block determines the fraction length automatically from the coefficient values in such a way that the coefficients occupy maximum representable range without overflowing.
fixdt(1,16,0) — Signed fixed-point data type of word length 16, fraction length 0. You can change the fraction length to any other integer value.
<data type expression> — Specify the coefficients data type by using an expression that evaluates to a data type object, for example, numeric type (fixdt([ ],16, 15)), to specify the coefficients data type. Specify the sign mode of this data type as [ ] or true.
Refresh Data Type — Refresh to the default data type.

Click the Show data type assistant button to display the data type assistant, which helps you set the stage input parameter.

See Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant (Simulink) for more information.

Supported Data Types

Port	Supported Data Types
Input	Double-precision floating point Single-precision floating point Fixed point (signed or unsigned) 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-bit signed integers
Output	Double-precision floating point Single-precision floating point Fixed point (signed only) 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-bit signed integers

Algorithms

The response of a CIC filter is given by:

$H_{c i c} (ω) = {[\frac{\sin (\frac{R D ω}{2})}{\sin (\frac{ω}{2})}]}^{N}$

R, D, and N are the rate change factor, the differential delay, and the number of sections of the CIC filter, respectively.

After decimation, the cic response has the form:okay

$H_{c i c} (ω) = {[\frac{\sin (\frac{D ω}{2})}{\sin (\frac{ω}{2 R})}]}^{N}$

The normalized version of this last response is the one that the CIC compensator needs to compensate. Hence, the passband response of the CIC compensator should take the following form:

$H_{c i c c o m p} (ω) = {[R D \frac{\sin (\frac{ω}{2 R})}{\sin (\frac{D ω}{2})}]}^{N} for ω \leq ω_{p} < π$

where ω_p is the passband frequency of the CIC compensation filter.

Notice that when ω/2R ≪ π, the previous equation for Hciccomp(ω) can be simplified using the fact that sin(x) ≅ x:

$H_{c i c c o m p} (ω) \approx {[\frac{(\frac{D ω}{2})}{\sin (\frac{D ω}{2})}]}^{N} = {[s i n c (\frac{D ω}{2})]}^{- N} for ω \leq ω_{p} < π$

This previous equation is the inverse sinc approximation to the true inverse passband response of the CIC filter.

Documentation

CIC Compensation Decimator

Library

Description

Dialog Box

Main Tab

Data Types Tab

Supported Data Types

Algorithms

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Fixed-Point Conversion
Design and simulate fixed-point systems using Fixed-Point Designer™.

See Also

Objects

Blocks

DSP System Toolbox Documentation

Support

Documentation

CIC Compensation Decimator

Library

Description

Dialog Box

Main Tab

Data Types Tab

Supported Data Types

Algorithms

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Fixed-Point Conversion Design and simulate fixed-point systems using Fixed-Point Designer™.

See Also

Objects

Blocks

DSP System Toolbox Documentation

Support

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Fixed-Point Conversion
Design and simulate fixed-point systems using Fixed-Point Designer™.