%% Build Integrated Code Outside the Simulink Environment
% Identify required files and interfaces for calling generated code in an external build process.
% Learn how to:
% Collect files required for building integrated code outside of Simulink®.
% Interface with external variables and functions.
% For information about the example model and related examples, see Generate C Code from a Control Algorithm for an Embedded System.
%% Collect and Build Required Data and Files
% The code that Embedded Coder® generates requires support files that MathWorks® provides. To relocate the generated code to another development environment, such as a dedicated build system, you must relocate these support files. You can package these files in a zip file by using the packNGo utility. This utility finds and packages the files that you need to build an executable image. The utility uses tools for customizing the build process after code generation, which include a buildinfo_data structure, and a packNGo function. These files include external files that you identify in the Code Generation > Custom Code pane in the Model Configuration Parameters dialog box. The utility saves the buildinfo MAT-file in the model_ert_rtw folder.
% Open the example model, rtwdemo_PCG_Eval_P5.
% This model is configured to run packNGo after code generation.
% Generate code from the entire model.
% To generate the zip file manually:
% Load the file buildInfo.mat (located in the rtwdemo_PCG_Eval_P5_ert_rtw subfolder).
% At the command prompt, enter the command packNGo(buildInfo).
% The number of files in the zip file depends on the version of Embedded Coder® and on the configuration of the model that you use. The compiler might require a subset of the files in the zip file. The compiled executable size (RAM/ROM) depends on the linking process. The linker likely includes only the object files that are necessary.
%% Integrating the Generated Code into an Existing System
% This example shows how to integrate the generated code into an existing code base. The example uses the Eclipse™ IDE and the Cygwin™/gcc compiler. The required integration tasks are common to integration environments.
%% Overview of Integration Environment
% A full embedded controls system consists of multiple hardware and software components. Control algorithms are just one type of component. Other components can be:
% An operating system (OS)
% A scheduling layer
% Physical hardware I/O
% Low-level hardware device drivers
% Typically, you do not use the generated code in these components. Instead, the generated code includes interfaces that connect with these components. MathWorks® provides hardware interface block libraries for many common embedded controllers. For examples, see the Embedded Targets block library.
% This example provides files to show how you can build a full system. The main file is example_main.c, which contains a simple main function that performs only basic actions to exercise the code.
% View example_main.c.
%
% The file:
% Defines function interfaces (function prototypes).
% Includes files that declare external data.
% Defines extern data.
% Initializes data.
% Calls simulated hardware.
% Calls algorithmic functions.
% The order of function execution matches the order of subsystem execution in the test harness model and in rtwdemo_PCG_Eval_P5.h. If you change the order of execution in example_main.c, results that the executable image produces differ from simulation results.
%% Match System Interfaces
% Integration requires matching the Data and Function interfaces of the generated code and the existing system code. In this example, the example_main.c file imports and exports the data through #include statements and extern declarations. The file also calls the functions from the generated code.
%% Connect Input Data
% The system has three input signals: pos_rqst, fbk_1, and fbk_2. The generated code accesses the two feedback signals through direct reference to imported global variables (storage class ImportedExtern). The code accesses the position signal through an imported pointer (storage class ImportedExternPointer).
% The handwritten file defineImportedData.c defines the variables and the pointer. The generated code does not define the variables and the pointer because the handwritten code defines them. Instead, the generated code declares the imported data (extern) in the file rtwdemo_PCG_Eval_P5_Private.h. In a real system, the data typically comes from other software components or from hardware devices.
% View defineImportedData.c.
%
% View rtwdemo_PCG_Eval_P5_Private.h.
%
%% Connect Output Data
% In this example, you do not access the output data of the system. The example Test Generated Code shows how you can save the output data to a standard log file. You can access the output data by referring to the file rtwdemo_PCG_Eval_P5.h.
% View rtwdemo_PCG_Eval_P5.h.
%% Access Additional Data
% The generated code contains several structures that store commonly used data including:
% Block state values (integrator, transfer functions)
% Local parameters
% Time
% The table lists the common data structures. Depending on the configuration of the model, a combination of these structures appear in the generated code. The data is declared in the file rtwdemo_PCG_Eval_P5.h, but in this example, you do not access this data.
% Data Type      Data Name     Data Purpose
% Constants      |model_cP|    Constant parameters
% Constants      |model_cB|    Constant block I/O
% Output         |model_U|     Root and atomic subsystem input
% Output         |model_Y|     Root and atomic subsystem output
% Internal data  |model_B|     Value of block output
% Internal data  |model_D|     State information vectors
% Internal data  |model_M|     Time and other system level data
% Internal data  |model_Zero|  Zero-crossings
% Parameters     |model_P|     Parameters
%% Match Function Call Interfaces
% By default, functions that the code generator generates have a void Func(void) interface. If you configure the model or atomic subsystem to generate reentrant code, the code generator creates a more complex function prototype. In this example, the example_main function calls the generated functions with valid input arguments.
%
% Calls to the function PI_Cntrl_Reusable use a mixture of separate, unstructured global variables and Simulink® Coder™ data structures. The handwritten code defines these variables. The structure types are defined in rtwdemo_PCG_Eval_P5.h.
%% Build Project in Eclipse™ Environment
% This example uses the Eclipse™ IDE and the Cygwin™ GCC debugger to build the embedded system. The example provides installation files for both programs. Software components and versions numbers are:
% Eclipse™ SDK 3.2
% Eclipse™ CDT 3.3
% Cygwin™/GCC 3.4.4-1
% Cygwin™/GDB 20060706-2
% To install and use Eclipse™ and GCC, see  Install and Use Cygwin and Eclipse.
% You can install the files for this example by clicking this hyperlink:
% Set up the build folder.
% Alternatively, to install the files manually:
% Create a build folder (Eclipse_Build_P5).
% Unzip the file rtwdemo_PCG_Eval_P5.zip into the build folder.
% Delete the files rtwdemo_PCG_Eval_P5.c, ert_main.c and rt_logging.c, which are replaced by example_main.c.
% You can use the Eclipse™ debugger to step through and evaluate the execution behavior of the generated C code. See the example Install and Use Cygwin and Eclipse.
% To exercise the model with input data, see Test Generated Code.
%% Related Topics
% Generate Component Source Code for Export to External Code Base
% Generate Shared Library for Export to External Code Base
% Copyright 2007-2017 The MathWorks, Inc.