({{, (RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])[mapstyle] 
displays faces of polygons and other filled geo objects using mapstyle.}, {, (RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])[mapstyle,directive] 
uses mapstyle with the given graphics directive applied.}})

OpenersNotesSection(Spacer1)Details and Options

(RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling]) is a directive for (RefLink[GeoGraphics, paclet:ref/GeoGraphics]) that applies textures and styling directives that are useful for maps.

(RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling]) applies to (RefLink[Polygon, paclet:ref/Polygon]), (RefLink[GeoDisk, paclet:ref/GeoDisk]), (RefLink[FilledCurve, paclet:ref/FilledCurve]), (RefLink[Triangle, paclet:ref/Triangle]), (RefLink[DayHemisphere, paclet:ref/DayHemisphere]), (RefLink[NightHemisphere, paclet:ref/NightHemisphere]), and (RefLink[GeoVisibleRegion, paclet:ref/GeoVisibleRegion]).

Possible forms for mapstyle include:

(RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])[(RefLink[Automatic, paclet:ref/Automatic])] is automatically applied by default to geo graphics and uses partial opacity with no explicitly specified color. It therefore inherits the default (RefLink[Graphics, paclet:ref/Graphics]) color behavior, meaning filled geo primitives are black in color but appear as transparent light gray when combined with their default partial transparency.

(RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])[(RefLink[None, paclet:ref/None])] removes any geo styling that has been set by previous (RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling]) specifications (including any set by (RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])[(RefLink[Automatic, paclet:ref/Automatic])]). Using no geo styling results in the same default styles for geo graphics as for the usual (RefLink[Graphics, paclet:ref/Graphics]) (black with no transparency).

(RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])[] is equivalent to (RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])[(RefLink[None, paclet:ref/None])].

(RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])[directive] is equivalent to (RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])["OutlineMap",directive].

(RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])[mapstyle,directive] appends a graphics directive (or collection of individual directives inside an enclosing (RefLink[Directive, paclet:ref/Directive])) to the set of directives used to style a given mapstyle. All directives take effect for "OutlineMap", but only (RefLink[Opacity, paclet:ref/Opacity]) and (RefLink[EdgeForm, paclet:ref/EdgeForm]) take effect for other map styles.

The most recently applied (RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling]) specification in a geo graphics expression takes precedence. For geo primitives, (RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling]) specifications (including those from (RefLink[Automatic, paclet:ref/Automatic]) styling) take precedence over explicit graphics style directives added after the currently active (RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling]). As a result of the default styling of (RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])[(RefLink[Automatic, paclet:ref/Automatic])], bare color directives take effect by default, while (RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling]) must be explicitly wrapped around (RefLink[Opacity, paclet:ref/Opacity]) in order to change the transparency of filled geo primitives.

(RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling]) accepts most options applicable to (RefLink[Graphics, paclet:ref/Graphics]). In addition, the following geo-specific options can be given:

(RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])["ContourMap",opts] accepts the same options as (RefLink[ListContourPlot, paclet:ref/ListContourPlot]).

(RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])["ReliefMap",opts] accepts the same options as (RefLink[ReliefPlot, paclet:ref/ReliefPlot]).

OpenersPrimaryExamplesSection(Spacer1)Examples  (59)

OpenersExampleSection0(Spacer1)Basic Examples  (14)

Use default styling:

GeoGraphics[{Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Specify the (RefLink[Automatic, paclet:ref/Automatic]) geo style explicitly:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling[Automatic],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Use default (RefLink[Graphics, paclet:ref/Graphics]) styles (no geo styling):

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling[None],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Show a schematic outline map:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["OutlineMap"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Specify a named color and suppress geo background:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling[Green],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoBackground->None]

Use a relief map:

GeoGraphics[{EdgeForm[Black],GeoStyling["ReliefMap"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Use a relief map as a (RefLink[GeoBackground, paclet:ref/GeoBackground]):

GeoGraphics[{EdgeForm[Black],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ReliefMap"]]

Use satellite imagery:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["Satellite"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoBackground->None]

Use satellite imagery from an external tile provider:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["Satellite",GeoServer->"DigitalGlobe"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoBackground->None]

World map with coastlines:

GeoGraphics["World",GeoBackground->GeoStyling["Coastlines"]]

World map with country borders:

GeoGraphics["World",GeoBackground->GeoStyling["CountryBorders"]]

Map of Europe with country borders in year 1900:

GeoGraphics[(Entity["Europe", Entity["GeographicRegion","Europe"], "Entity[\"GeographicRegion\", \"Europe\"]", "geographic region"]),GeoBackground->GeoStyling[Dated["CountryBorders",1900]],GeoGridLines->Automatic]

Specify different geo styles for different regions:

styles={
Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]->GeoStyling["ReliefMap"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]->GeoStyling["OutlineMap"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]->GeoStyling["StreetMapNoLabels"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]->GeoStyling[Red],
Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]->GeoStyling[Blue]
};

GeoGraphics[{Polygon[CountryData["EuropeSovereign"]],
Reverse/@(List@@@styles)},GeoGridLines->Automatic]

Specify different geo styles for different regions with partial overlaps:

GeoGraphics[{
GeoStyling["StreetMap"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],
GeoStyling[Automatic],Purple,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],GeoStyling["ReliefMap",Opacity[.7]],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Style the daylight portion of the Earth in partially transparent yellow:

GeoGraphics[{Yellow,DayHemisphere[]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ReliefMap"],GeoRange->"World"]

Relief map of the Moon:

GeoGraphics[GeoModel->"Moon",GeoRange->All,GeoCenter->180,GeoBackground->"ReliefMap"]

OpenersExampleSection1(Spacer1)Scope  (25)

OpenersExampleSubsection0(Spacer1)"Coastlines"  (1)

Mollweide map of the world, displaying the coastlines:

GeoGraphics["World",GeoBackground->GeoStyling["Coastlines"],GeoProjection->"Mollweide"]

Select different graphical directives:

GeoGraphics["World",GeoBackground->GeoStyling[{"Coastlines","Land"->Gray,"Ocean"->Black,"Border"->White}],GeoProjection->"Mollweide"]

OpenersExampleSubsection1(Spacer1)"ContourMap"  (2)

Specify a contour map of elevations over a country:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ContourMap"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Adjust contours and add contour styling by passing (RefLink[ListContourPlot, paclet:ref/ListContourPlot]) options:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ContourMap",Contours->30,ColorFunction->(Directive[Opacity[0.4],ColorData["Pastel"][#]]&)],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Display elevation contours of Spain using the colors of its national flag:

EntityValue[Entity["Country","Spain"],EntityProperty["Country","Flag"]]

FlagColorCountours[countryEntity_]:=Module[{allColors=Reverse[SortBy[Tally[Round[Flatten[ImageData[ColorConvert[EntityValue[countryEntity,"Flag"],"RGB"]],1],0.001]],Last]]},(RGBColor@@First[#])&/@If[#==={},allColors,Take[allColors,Max[1,#-1]]]&[Position[allColors,{_,_?(#<allColors[[1,2]]/20&)},{1},1]]]

With[{country=LinguisticAssistant},GeoGraphics[{EdgeForm[Gray],GeoStyling["ContourMap",ContourShading->FlagColorCountours[country],Contours->21,ContourLines->None,PlotRange->All,ColorFunctionScaling->True],Polygon[country]}]]

OpenersExampleSubsection2(Spacer1)"CountryBorders"  (2)

Mercator map of the world, displaying country borders:

GeoGraphics["World",GeoBackground->GeoStyling["CountryBorders"],GeoProjection->"Mercator"]

Select different graphical directives:

GeoGraphics["World",GeoBackground->GeoStyling[{"CountryBorders","Land"->Gray,"Ocean"->Black,"Border"->White}],GeoProjection->"Mercator"]

Show country borders in year 1800 for the region corresponding to modern Italy:

GeoGraphics[Polygon[(Entity["Italy", Entity["Country","Italy"], "Entity[\"Country\", \"Italy\"]", "country"])],GeoBackground->GeoStyling[Dated["CountryBorders",(DateObject["1800", DateObject[{1800}]])]]]

OpenersExampleSubsection3(Spacer1)"GeoImage"  (1)

The Stars and Stripes projected onto the US:

With[{usa=LinguisticAssistant},GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling[{"GeoImage",EntityValue[usa,"Flag"]}],Polygon[usa]}]]

OpenersExampleSubsection4(Spacer1)"Image"  (4)

The Stars and Stripes placed on the US:

With[{usa=LinguisticAssistant},GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling[{"Image",EntityValue[usa,"Flag"]}],Polygon[usa]}]]

Place images of some famous mathematicians within the present borders of their countries of origin:

people={LinguisticAssistant,LinguisticAssistant,LinguisticAssistant};

SquareImage[i_Image]:=With[{dims=ImageDimensions[i]},
With[{size=Max@@dims},
ImagePad[i,Through[{Floor,Ceiling}[(size-#)/2]]&/@dims,White]
]
]

Construct image/country pairs:

pairs=With[{image=EntityValue[#,"Image"]},{GeoStyling[{"Image",SquareImage[image]}],Polygon[Entity["Country",EntityValue[#,"NationalityCountries"][[1,2]]]]}]&/@people;

Draw the map:

GeoGraphics[pairs,GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ReliefMap"]]

Load an image of a flower from (RefLink[ExampleData, paclet:ref/ExampleData]):

image=ImageResize[ExampleData[{"TestImage","Flower"}],200]

Use as a texture map for the Netherlands:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling[{"Image",image}],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Use a rasterized graphic:

data=Table[{-1-(x^2)+y,1+x-(y^2)},{x,-3,3,.2},{y,-3,3,.2}];

graphics=ListStreamPlot[data,Frame->False,PlotRangePadding->None,ImagePadding->None]

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling[{"Image",Rasterize[graphics]}],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},Frame->True]

OpenersExampleSubsection5(Spacer1)"OutlineMap"  (5)

Use an outline map for Africa:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["OutlineMap"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Use an outline map for Africa with a geo background style:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["OutlineMap"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ReliefMap"]]

Specify a solid-fill color together with an edge color and style:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["OutlineMap", Directive[Red, EdgeForm[Directive[{Thick, Yellow}]]]],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Specify a partially transparent fill color together with an edge color and style:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["OutlineMap",Directive[Blue,Opacity[.5],EdgeForm[Directive[{Thin,Green}]]]],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Directives in a geo style take precedence over bare directives for geo primitives:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["OutlineMap",Blue],Red,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Style the daylight portion of the Earth in partially transparent yellow on top of a relief map background:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["OutlineMap",Directive[Opacity[.2],Yellow]],DayHemisphere[]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ReliefMap"],GeoRange->"World"]

This is equivalent to simply giving yellow as a color directive:

GeoGraphics[{Yellow,DayHemisphere[]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ReliefMap"],GeoRange->"World"]

OpenersExampleSubsection6(Spacer1)"ReliefMap"  (3)

Use a relief map for the US:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ReliefMap"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Use a relief map for the US with a contour map geo background style:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ReliefMap",EdgeForm[Thin]],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ContourMap"]]

Show the region visible from the top of the Washington Monument using a relief map:

With[{building=LinguisticAssistant},GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ReliefMap"],GeoVisibleRegion[Append[BuildingData[building,"Position"][[1]],BuildingData[building,"Height"]]]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["StreetMap",GeoStylingImageFunction->(Darker[#1,.25]&)]]]

Relief map of the area around the Copernicus crater on the Moon:

GeoGraphics[(Entity["Copernicus crater", Entity["SolarSystemFeature","CopernicusMoon"], "Entity[\"SolarSystemFeature\", \"CopernicusMoon\"]", "solar system feature"]),GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ReliefMap"],GeoRange->Quantity[100,"Miles"]]

OpenersExampleSubsection7(Spacer1)"Satellite"  (2)

Use satellite imagery:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["Satellite"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Satellite image of a geo disk on Mars:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["Satellite"],GeoDisk[{0,0},Quantity[1000,"Kilometers"]]},GeoModel->"Mars",GeoBackground->None]

OpenersExampleSubsection8(Spacer1)"StreetMap"  (3)

Use a street map style for Virginia:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["StreetMap"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ReliefMap"]]

Street maps can have styled edges:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["StreetMap",EdgeForm[Blue]],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ReliefMap"]]

And opacity:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["StreetMap",Directive[EdgeForm[Black],Opacity[.5]]],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ReliefMap"]]

But not colors:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["StreetMap",FaceForm[Blue]],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ReliefMap"]]

Show the region visible from the top of the Washington Monument using a street map:

With[{building=LinguisticAssistant},GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["StreetMap"],GeoVisibleRegion[Append[BuildingData[building,"Position"][[1]],BuildingData[building,"Height"]]]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["StreetMap",GeoStylingImageFunction->(Darker[#1,.25]&)]]]

Image processing effects can be applied using (RefLink[GeoStylingImageFunction, paclet:ref/GeoStylingImageFunction]):

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["StreetMap",EdgeForm[Black],GeoStylingImageFunction->(Sharpen[#1,10]&)],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

OpenersExampleSubsection9(Spacer1)"StreetMapLabelsOnly"  (1)

Use street map labels:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["StreetMapLabelsOnly",EdgeForm[Black]],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ReliefMap"]]

Use street map labels on top of a colored map region:

With[{ent=LinguisticAssistant},GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["OutlineMap",Green],Polygon[ent],GeoStyling["StreetMapLabelsOnly"],Polygon[ent]},GeoBackground->Yellow]]

OpenersExampleSubsection10(Spacer1)"StreetMapNoLabels"  (1)

Show Virginia with a boundary and a street map with no labels:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["StreetMapNoLabels",EdgeForm[Black]],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Show the region visible from the top of the Washington Monument using a street map with no labels:

With[{building=LinguisticAssistant},GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["StreetMapNoLabels"],GeoVisibleRegion[Append[BuildingData[building,"Position"][[1]],BuildingData[building,"Height"]]]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["StreetMapNoLabels",GeoStylingImageFunction->(Darker[#1,.25]&)]]]

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["StreetMapNoLabels",EdgeForm[Black]],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

OpenersExampleSection2(Spacer1)Options  (13)

OpenersExampleSubsection11(Spacer1)ColorFunction  (2)

Use the "ReliefMap" style with a named color scheme:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ReliefMap",ColorFunction->ColorData["AvocadoColors"]],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Change the default color function for a relief map of the Moon:

GeoGraphics[GeoModel->"Moon",GeoRange->All,GeoCenter->180,GeoBackground->GeoStyling["ReliefMap",ColorFunction->GrayLevel],GeoProjection->"Orthographic",GeoZoomLevel->2,Background->Black,PlotRangePadding->0.1]

OpenersExampleSubsection12(Spacer1)ColorFunctionScaling  (1)

No argument scaling for the "ReliefMap" style on the left; automatic scaling on the right:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ReliefMap",ColorFunctionScaling->#],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]&/@{False,True}

OpenersExampleSubsection13(Spacer1)ContourLabels  (1)

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ContourMap",Contours->5,ContourLabels->All],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

OpenersExampleSubsection14(Spacer1)Contours  (1)

Specify the number of contours for the "ContourMap" style:

Table[GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ContourMap",Contours->n],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}],{n,{5,10,15,30}}]

OpenersExampleSubsection15(Spacer1)ContourShading  (1)

Leave the regions between contours blank for the "ContourMap" style:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ContourMap",Contours->30,ContourShading->None],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Use default contour shading:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ContourMap",Contours->30],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

OpenersExampleSubsection16(Spacer1)ContourStyle  (1)

Specify the (RefLink[ContourStyle, paclet:ref/ContourStyle]) for the "ContourMap" style:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ContourMap",Contours->30,ContourStyle->Red],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

Use default contour style:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ContourMap",Contours->30],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]}]

OpenersExampleSubsection17(Spacer1)GeoStylingImageFunction  (5)

Add salt-and-pepper noise to a map of Austria:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["OutlineMap",GeoStylingImageFunction->(ImageEffect[#,{"SaltPepperNoise",0.5}]&)],Polygon[Entity["Country","Austria"]]}]

Sharpen a circular region near the Taj Mahal and blur the region outside it:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["StreetMap",GeoStylingImageFunction->Sharpen],EdgeForm[Red],GeoDisk[LinguisticAssistant,LinguisticAssistant]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling["StreetMap",GeoStylingImageFunction->(Blur[#1,15]&)]]

Add a tapered "swoosh" map effect around Paris:

swooshRing[p_]:=Module[{ρ=Norm[p],φ=ArcTan@@p},If[ρ<1/4||ρ>3/4,p,ρ {Cos[#],Sin[#]}&[φ+Pi (1-Cos[Pi 2 (ρ-1/4)])]]]

Show the "swooshed" map:

GeoGraphics[{},GeoCenter->LinguisticAssistant,GeoRange->LinguisticAssistant,GeoBackground->GeoStyling["StreetMap",GeoStylingImageFunction->(ImageTransformation[#1,swooshRing,DataRange->{{-1,1},{-1,1}}]&)]]

Use the flag of a country as an image effect:

CountryData["DemocraticRepublicCongo","Flag"]

Place copies of the flag on the country and blur surrounding countries:

With[{c=Entity["Country","DemocraticRepublicCongo"]},GeoGraphics[{{GeoStyling["StreetMap",GeoStylingImageFunction->(Blur[#,4]&)],Polygon[#]}&/@CountryData[c,"BorderingCountries"],GeoStyling["StreetMap",GeoZoomLevel->5,GeoStylingImageFunction->(Sharpen@ImageCompose[#,ImageAssemble[Table[SetAlphaChannel[Image[CountryData[c,"Flag"]],0.2],{5},{4}]]]&)],Polygon[c]}]]

Apply various image effects to neighboring countries:

GeoGraphics[{
GeoStyling["ReliefMap",GeoStylingImageFunction->ColorNegate],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],
GeoStyling["StreetMap",GeoStylingImageFunction->(ImageEffect[#1,"Charcoal"]&)],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],
GeoStyling["ReliefMap",GeoStylingImageFunction->({0,0}/. StationaryWaveletTransform[ColorCombine[Take[ColorSeparate[#1],3][[{2,3,1}]],"RGB"],Automatic,2][{0,0},"Image"]&)],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]
}]

OpenersExampleSubsection18(Spacer1)GeoZoomLevel  (1)

Set the (RefLink[GeoZoomLevel, paclet:ref/GeoZoomLevel]):

Table[GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ReliefMap",GeoZoomLevel->n],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoGridLines->Automatic],{n,4}]

Table[GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["StreetMap",GeoZoomLevel->n],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoGridLines->Automatic],{n,4}]

Show a street map of Paris around a famous structure at a number of zoom levels:

With[{loc=LinguisticAssistant},GeoGraphics[{Red,PointSize[Large],Point[loc]},GeoCenter->loc,GeoRange->(QuantityUnit[100]),GeoZoomLevel->#]]&/@Range[10,18]

OpenersExampleSection3(Spacer1)Properties & Relations  (6)

Color primitives apply directly to non-filled primitives but take effect together with the most recent geo styling (partial opacity by default) for filled geo primitives, resulting in a pink Michigan with a red arrow:

GeoGraphics[{Red,Thick,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],Arrowheads[{-.1,.1}],Arrow[{LinguisticAssistant,LinguisticAssistant}]}]

Specifying opacity has no effect here since it is trumped by the opacity set implicitly by (RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])[(RefLink[Automatic, paclet:ref/Automatic])]:

GeoGraphics[{Red,Opacity[.8],Thick,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],Arrowheads[{-.1,.1}],Arrow[{LinguisticAssistant,LinguisticAssistant}]}]

Placing the opacity inside a geo styling causes it to take effect, overwriting the default (RefLink[GeoStyling, paclet:ref/GeoStyling])[(RefLink[Automatic, paclet:ref/Automatic])] setting:

GeoGraphics[{Red,GeoStyling[Opacity[.5]],Thick,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],Arrowheads[{-.1,.1}],Arrow[{LinguisticAssistant,LinguisticAssistant}]}]

For geo objects, the default geo style (partial opacity) is automatically applied together with the bare color directives that follow it:

GeoGraphics[{
Blue,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],
Red,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]
}]

Make Switzerland a solid color by removing the default geo style:

GeoGraphics[{
Blue,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],
GeoStyling[None],Red,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]
}]

Make Switzerland a solid color using the "OutlineMap" geo style with directive (RefLink[Red, paclet:ref/Red]):

GeoGraphics[{
Blue,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],
GeoStyling["OutlineMap",Red],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]
}]

Use a shorthand geo style specification equivalent to the above:

GeoGraphics[{
Blue,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],
GeoStyling[Red],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]
}]

Move France and Switzerland after the geo styling specification turns both red (since the bare color directive in front of France is trumped by the geo styling color specification):

GeoGraphics[{
GeoStyling["OutlineMap",Red],
Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],
Blue,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]
}]

Make France blue and Switzerland red:

GeoGraphics[{
GeoStyling[Blue],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],
GeoStyling[Red],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]
}]

Do the same by turning off default styling so bare color directives can take effect:

GeoGraphics[{
GeoStyling[None],
Blue,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],
Red,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]
}]

Geo styles apply to (geo) polygons, triangles, filled curves, and geo disks, but not to ordinary 2D and 3D graphics primitives:

GeoGraphics[{
GeoStyling[Green],GeoDisk[GeoPosition[{20,-100}],(QuantityUnit[2000])],GeoStyling[Blue],Polygon[GeoPosition[{{0,-40},{40,-30},{10,40}}]],GeoStyling[Red],Triangle[GeoPosition[{{10,60},{50,70},{20,140}}]],
GeoStyling[Yellow],Disk[GeoPosition[{-30,-100}],20]
},GeoRange->"World",Frame->True]

The coordinate values of the map correspond to latitude and longitude for the "Equirectangular" projection:

GeoGraphics[{
Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],
Red,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],Line[{{0,45},{5,50}}]
},
GeoProjection->"Equirectangular",Frame->True
]

Map coordinates do not correspond to latitude and longitude for other projections:

GeoGraphics[{
Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],
Red,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],Line[{{0,45},{5,50}}]
},
GeoProjection->"Mercator",Frame->True
]

Use (RefLink[GeoPosition, paclet:ref/GeoPosition]) to draw geo lines on any map projection:

GeoGraphics[{
Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],
Red,Polygon[LinguisticAssistant],Line[GeoPosition/@{{45,0},{50,5}}]
},
GeoProjection->"Mercator",Frame->True
]

Using "ReliefMap" as a map style gives a projected version of the requested region:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ReliefMap"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoProjection->"Equirectangular",GeoRangePadding->None]

Using (RefLink[ReliefPlot, paclet:ref/ReliefPlot]) of (RefLink[GeoElevationData, paclet:ref/GeoElevationData]) directly gives an unprojected, differently styled version with no clipping:

ReliefPlot[QuantityMagnitude[GeoElevationData[LinguisticAssistant]],DataReversed->True]

Drape an image of a flower over the world:

image=

This works because "World" is considered an entity:

world=GeoVariant[(Entity["world", Entity["GeographicRegion","World"], "Entity[\"GeographicRegion\", \"World\"]", "geographic region"]),"SimplifiedArea"];

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling[{"Image",image}],Polygon[world]}]

Entity classes are taken as a collection of polygons, resulting in many flowers:

europe=LinguisticAssistant;

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling[{"Image",image}],Polygon[europe]}]

(RefLink[GeoGroup, paclet:ref/GeoGroup]) effectively joins the polygons:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling[{"Image",image}],GeoGroup[Polygon[europe]]}]

OpenersExampleSection4(Spacer1)Neat Examples  (1)

Display a Pokémon ocean surrounding their country of origin:

pokemons=Flatten[EntityValue[EntityValue["Pokemon","Entities"],"Icons"]];

background=Sharpen@Image[Graphics[Table[Inset[Rotate[RandomChoice[pokemons], RandomReal[{0,2Pi}]], RandomReal[{0,1},{2}]],{2000}]]];

Show the map:

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["ReliefMap"],Polygon[LinguisticAssistant]},GeoBackground->GeoStyling[{"Image",background}]]

({{DocumentationFooterIconsRelatedFunction.png, ({{See Also}, {(RefLink[GeoBackground, paclet:ref/GeoBackground])  ▪  (RefLink[GeoImage, paclet:ref/GeoImage])  ▪  (RefLink[Texture, paclet:ref/Texture])  ▪  (RefLink[FaceForm, paclet:ref/FaceForm])  ▪  (RefLink[GeoDisk, paclet:ref/GeoDisk])  ▪  (RefLink[GeoStylingImageFunction, paclet:ref/GeoStylingImageFunction])}})}})

({{DocumentationFooterIconsRelatedTutorial.png, ({{Tutorials}, {▪(RefLinkPlain[GeoGraphics, paclet:tutorial/GeoGraphics])}})}})

({{DocumentationFooterIconsRelatedGuide.png, ({{Related Guides}, {▪(RefLinkPlain[Maps & Cartography, paclet:guide/MapsAndCartography])}, {▪(RefLinkPlain[Geographic Data & Entities, paclet:guide/GeographicData])}})}})