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ÌandµelectronicµengineersµdesigningµsystemsµthatµuseµCOSSAPµfor¡þmodelingµandµsimulation.’~ªD“I501ileaf_page_string1:ii¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,9,#¡Ä,#	c#¡Ä	c#	c9¡Ä	c9,9ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,#Ê#ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä²¡,ii¡,Õ²Supported´µVersions¡þ†²This´µdocumentµisµwrittenµforµCOSSAPµversionµ1998.02.¡,y²Manual´µContents¡þ*²The´µ²COSSAPµModelµUserµGuide²µconsistsµof¡þ¨²Chapterµ1:µPrimitiveµModels¡þ²Outlinesµtheµproceduresµforµdevelopingµandµintegratingµyourµown¡þ`codedµprimitiveµmodelsµforµtheµCOSSAPµStreamµDrivenµSimulator¡þ©(SDS),µtheµCOSSAPµHDLµCodeµGeneratorµ(VCG)µandµtheµCOSSAP¡þòDSPµCodeµGeneratorµ(DCG).µThisµchapterµalsoµdescribesµtheµModel¡þ:Makerµtoolµandµtheµcommandµlineµutilitiesµavailableµforµworkingµwith¡þƒmodelµfiles.¡þ²Chapterµ2:µModelµLibraries¡þq²DescribesµtheµCOSSAPµmodelµlibraries,µtheµfilesµthatµtheµlibraries¡þºcontain,µandµtheµCOSSAPµLibraryµManagerµtool.¡þ7²Chapterµ3:µModelµFiles¡þ§²DescribesµtheµfilesµassociatedµwithµCOSSAPµprimitiveµmodels.¡þ	%²Chapterµ4:µCreatingµPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡þ	•²Describesµhowµtoµdevelopµandµintegrateµyourµownµcodedµprimitive¡þ	ÞDSPµmodelsµforµtheµCOSSAPµDSPµCodeµGeneratorµ(DCG).¡þ
[²Chapterµ5:µCreatingµPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµSDS¡þ
Ì²Describesµhowµtoµdevelopµandµintegrateµyourµownµcodedµprimitive¡þSDSµmodels.’ªOD“I501ileaf_page_string1:iii¥	öä¥	öäâ²¡Ô¤ÿáiii¡þÉ²Chapter´µ6:µCOSSAPµSystemµVariablesµandµMacros¡þF²DescribesµtheµsystemµvariablesµandµmacrosµthatµareµavailableµinµC¡þŽandµFORTRAN77.¡þ²Chapterµ7:µCOSSAPµProceduresµandµSubroutines¡þ™²DescribesµtheµCOSSAPµsystemµcallsµthatµareµavailableµtoµyouµwhen¡þâprogrammingµaµprimitiveµmodel.µTheseµsystemµcallsµareµavailableµin¡þ+bothµCµandµFORTRAN77.¡þ¹²Chapterµ8:µCreatingµaµPrimitiveµModelµforµtheµVCG¡þ5²Describesµhowµtoµdevelopµandµintegrateµyourµownµcodedµprimitive¡þ~VHDLµorµVerilogµmodel².¡þChapterµ9:µSyntaxµDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡þ‰²DescribesµtheµsyntaxµofµtheµfilesµassociatedµwithµprimitiveµVHDLµand¡þÑVerilogµprimitiveµmodels.¡þ_²Chapterµ10:µExamplesµofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡þÜ²Describesµexampleµsourceµcodeµimplementationsµofµprimitive¡þ%modelsµforµtheµCOSSAPµVCG.¡þ³²AppendixµA:µPrimitiveµSimulationµModelµExample¡þ	0²Describesµtheµcreationµofµaµsampleµprimitiveµmodelµthatµmultiplies¡þ	xtheµsignalµelementsµofµaµrealµinputµsignalµbyµaµrealµscalarµfactor.¡þ
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Î²Chaptersµ8,µ9,µandµ10µforµtheµCOSSAPµHDLµCodeµGenerator¡X(VCG).’D“I501ileaf_page_string1:1-2¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Primitive´µModels¡.1³2¡,Õ²Steps´µforµCreatingµaµPrimitiveµModel¡þ”²To´µcreateµaµprimitiveµmodelµandµintegrateµitµintoµtheµCOSSAP¡þÝsystem,µperformµtheµfollowingµtasks:¡þa1.¡XaChooseµtheµmodelµlibraryµinµwhichµtoµstoreµtheµnewµmodel.¡þÕ2.¡XÕWrite,µorµupdateµtheµ²modelµtableµfile²µ(.mtbl)µtoµincludeµtheµnew¡Xmodel.¡þ3.¡XWriteµtheµ²modelµdefinitionµfile²µ(.mdef)µforµtheµnewµmodel.¡þ4.¡XGenerateµtheµ²VHDLµentityµdefinitionµfile²µ(.v_ent)µforµtheµnew¡XImodel.¡þ½5.¡X½Generateµtheµsymbolµ(.sym)µfileµforµtheµnewµmodelµforµuseµinµthe¡XCOSSAPµBlockµDiagramµEditor.¡þw6.¡XwForµtheµDCGµandµtheµSDS,µwriteµtheµimplementationµofµtheµnew¡X¾modelµinµgenericµC.µToµgenerateµtheµsimulationµsourceµcode,µuse¡Xtheµcoinsµutility.µAlternatively,µyouµcanµwriteµtheµimplementation¡XKofµtheµmodelµdirectlyµin C.¡þ¾7.¡X¾ForµtheµSDSµandµtheµVCG,µwriteµtheµVHDLµorµVerilog¡Ximplementationµofµtheµnewµmodel.¡þx8.¡XxInsertµtheµobjectµcodeµofµtheµnewµmodelµintoµanµobjectµcode¡X¿library.¡þ	QTheµfollowingµsectionsµdescribeµtheseµtasksµinµdetail.’ûD“I501ileaf_page_string1:1-3¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,­,—¡Ä,—	c—¡Ä	c—	c­¡Ä	c­,­ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ—Ê—ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡lÁ²Primitive´µModels¡Ô¤ÿ¾1³3¡þÏ²
Selecting´µtheµModelµLibrary¡þ`²To´µinstantiateµaµnewµprimitiveµmodelµinµaµschematic,µtheµnewµmodel¡þ¨mustµbeµincludedµinµaµmodelµlibrary.µAllµCOSSAPµmodelsµare¡þñorganizedµintoµmodelµlibraries.µBeforeµdevelopingµaµnewµprimitive¡þ:model,µchooseµtheµmodelµlibraryµtoµwhichµtheµnewµmodelµwillµbelong.¡þÎIfµtheµlibraryµalreadyµexists,µdefineµtheµnameµofµtheµprimitiveµmodelµin¡þtheµmodelµtableµ(.mtbl)µfileµforµthatµlibrary.µTheµmodelµtableµfile¡þ`residesµinµtheµsameµdirectoryµasµtheµcorrespondingµmodelµlibrary.¡þôIfµtheµmodelµlibraryµdoesµnotµalreadyµexist,µyouµmustµcreateµthe¡þ=appropriateµsubdirectoryµandµ.mtblµfileµforµit.¡þÑForµmoreµinformationµaboutµmodelµlibraryµtablesµandµcreatingµnew¡þlibraries,µseeµChapterµ2µModelµLibraries".¡þç²
Writing´µtheµDefinitionµFileµforµtheµPrimitiveµModel¡þx²The´µnextµtaskµinµcreatingµaµnewµprimitiveµmodelµisµtoµwriteµaµ²model¡þÀdefinitionµfileµ²(.mdef)²µ²containingµtheµdefinitionµofµtheµmodel.µThe¡þ	.mdefµfileµmustµbeµstoredµinµtheµsameµdirectoryµasµtheµcorresponding¡þRmodelµlibrary.¡þæTheµnameµofµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfileµconsistsµofµtheµnameµofµthe¡þ	/primitiveµmodelµ(inµlowercaseµletters)µwithµtheµ.mdefµfileµname¡þ	wextension.µForµexample,µforµaµprimitiveµmodelµnamedµfilter",µthe¡þ	Ànameµofµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfileµis¡þ
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Using´µ²Fpmvg¡þ.²To´µstartµ²Epmvg²,µenterµitsµnameµatµtheµoperatingµsystemµpromptµas¡þwfollows:¡þä²%´µ²pmvg¡þq²A´µnumberedµlistµofµavailableµmodelµlibrariesµappears.µOnlyµthe¡þ¹modelµlibrariesµdefinedµinµtheµsystemµandµuserµ²modelµlibraryµtable²¡þfilesµareµlisted.µYouµcannotµselectµaµlibraryµthatµisµnotµlistedµinµoneµof¡þJtheseµmodelµlibraryµtables.¡þÐToµselectµaµmodelµlibraryµfromµtheµlist,µtypeµitsµnumber.µAllµfurther¡þactionsµareµappliedµtoµtheµselectedµlibraryµuntilµyouµselectµanother¡þamodelµlibrary.¡þçTheµfunctionsµthatµareµavailableµare¡þ	l²Listµmodelµlibraries².µThisµfunctionµlistsµallµmodelµlibrariesµdefinedµin¡þ	µtheµmodelµlibraryµtableµfiles.¡þ
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Ìenterµitsµnumber.µAllµfurtherµoperationsµareµappliedµtoµtheµselected¡þmodelµlibrary.’@ŸD“I501ileaf_page_string1:1-5¥	öä¥	öä¡lÁ²âPrimitive´µModels¡Ô¤ÿ¾1³5¡þÉ²²Create´µVHDLµentityµofµoneµmodel².µUseµthisµfunctionµtoµcreateµthe¡þVHDLµentityµdefinitionµfileµforµoneµprimitiveµmodel.µAfterµyouµenter¡þZtheµnameµofµtheµprimitiveµmodel,µ²Epmvg²µscansµtheµselectedµmodel¡þ£libraryµforµthatµprimitiveµmodel.¡þ²S¡X²Ifµtheµprimitiveµmodelµisµnotµfound,µtheµoperationµisµaborted.¡þt²S¡Xt²Ifµtheµprimitiveµmodelµisµfoundµinµtheµmodelµlibrary,µtheµVHDL¡X»entityµdefinitionµfileµisµcreatedµinµtheµdirectoryµthatµcontainsµthe¡Xmodelµlibrary.¡þw²CreateµVHDLµentityµofµallµmodels².µUseµthisµfunctionµtoµcreateµthe¡þ¿VHDLµentityµdefinitionµfilesµforµallµprimitiveµmodelsµinµaµmodelµlibrary.¡þSeeµCreateµVHDLµentityµofµoneµmodel"µforµdetailsµonµhowµtheµVHDL¡þQentityµdefinitionµfilesµofµtheµsingleµmodelsµareµcreated.¡þý²
Example´µpmvgµSession¡þz²The´µfollowingµexampleµillustratesµaµsessionµinµwhichµaµVHDLµentity¡þÃfileµisµcreatedµforµaµprimitiveµmodel.¡,&² %´µ²=pmvg¡,Z² PMVG>µCOSSAPµPRIMITIVEµMODELµVHDLµGENERATOR¡,³³selectedµlibraryµ:µunknown¡,À³³(1)µlistµµµmodelµlibrariesµ¡,î³³(2)µselectµmodelµlibrary¡,³³(3)µcreateµvhdlµentityµofµoneµmodel¡,I³³(4)µcreateµvhdlµentitiesµofµallµmodels¡,w³³(0)µexit¡,ªPMVG>µselectµoption¡,Ø²=2¡,	² ³1)µµµ0.00.00µµµdatabaseµµµµ/home/cossap/models/mod63/mod63.mdb¡,	9³2)µµµ0.00.01µµµdatabaseµµµµ/home/cossap/models/bittrue/bittrue.mdb¡,	g³3)µµ15.70.01µµµfilesµµµµµµµ/home/username/cossap/project/d/mylib.mtbl¡,	šPMVG>µselectµlibrary¡,	È²=3¡,	û² PMVG>µCOSSAPµPRIMITIVEµMODELµVHDLµGENERATOR¡,
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Generating´µtheµBlockµDiagramµEditorµSymbolµFile¡þ·²The´µCOSSAPµBlockµDiagramµEditorµ(BDE)µrequiresµaµsymbolµfileµfor¡þeachµmodelµthatµisµusedµinµaµschematic.µTheµsymbolµfileµcontains¡þHgraphicalµasµwellµasµattributeµinformationµforµtheµmodel.µTheµutility¡þ‘csymgenµcreatesµtheseµgraphicalµsymbolµfiles.µcsymgenµusesµthe¡þÚdataµinµaµmodelµdefinitionµ(.mdef)µfileµtoµcreateµtheµBDEµsymbolµfiles.¡þÁ²
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¡þc²When´µinvoked,µcsymgenµcreatesµtheµ².lib_path²/symbolµsubdirectories¡þ¬ifµtheyµdoµnotµalreadyµexist.µcsymgenµusesµtheµsymbolµsubdirectory¡þôtoµstoreµtheµsymbolµfilesµitµgenerates.µThisµsubdirectoryµisµalso¡þ	=whereµtheµBDEµexpectsµtoµfindµsymbolsµforµexistingµmodels.¡þ	âYouµcanµspecifyµeitherµtheµlibraryµandµmodelµname,µorµtheµ.mdefµfile¡þ
*nameµinµtheµcsymgenµcommandµlineµstring.µTheµsyntaxµis:¡þ
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àcsymgenµ[²options²]µ-libµ²library²µ-modelµ²modelname²¡þcsymgenµ[²options²]µ²mdef_filename²µ[²mdef_filename²µ...]’Ú[D“I501ileaf_page_string1:1-7¥	öä¥	öä¡lÁ²âPrimitive´µModels¡Ô¤ÿ¾1³7¡þÉ²²options²´µ¡Xcanµbeµoneµorµmoreµofµtheµfollowing:¡þq-verbose¡X¹Displaysµtheµlibraryµandµmodelµnameµofµeachµmodelµasµitµis¡Xprocessed.¡þa-magicµ²set¡X©²Definesµtheµnumberµofµsymbolµfilesµtoµbeµcreatedµforµmodelsµwith¡Xòaµvariableµnumberµofµinputµports,µoutputµports,µorµboth.µ²set²µisµa¡X;listµofµintegerµnumbersµcorrespondingµtoµtheµnumberµofµportsµto¡Xƒbeµdefinedµforµeachµsymbolµfile.µForµexample,µspecifyingµthe¡XÌfollowingµinµtheµcommandµstring:¡þ'²´µµ-magicµ1-4,8,10,16¡X ²will´µcreateµ7µsymbolsµ(withµ1,µ2,µ3,µ4,µ8,µ10,µandµ16µports)µfor¡Xçeachµmodelµspecifiedµinµtheµcommandµstringµthatµhasµaµvariable¡X-numberµofµinputµorµoutputµports.¡X Defaultµvalue:µ1³4¡þ-reuse¡X\Specifiesµthatµtheµpositionsµofµtheµpinsµandµanyµtextµorµgraphics¡X¤thatµyouµhaveµaddedµtoµtheµsymbolµareµtoµbeµpreserved.¡þ-gridµ²number¡XL²Setsµtheµinternalµscalingµgridµusedµduringµsymbolµcreationµto¡X•²number².¡XóDefaultµvalue:µ1000¡þ	}²Caution!²¡X	Å²Doµnotµsetµanµexplicitµvalueµforµtheµ-gridµoption,µexceptµatµthe¡X
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Example¡þý²Theµfollowingµexampleµcreatesµsymbolsµforµallµmodelsµinµlibrary¡þFfilter.µIfµthereµareµsymbolsµwithµaµvariableµnumberµofµinputµand/or¡þŽoutputµports,µcsymgenµwillµcreateµ16µsymbolsµwithµ1µtoµ16µinput¡þ×and/orµoutputµports.¡þX²%´µ²csymgenµ-verboseµ-magicµ1-16µ-libµfilterµ-all¡þó²Alternatively,´µenterµtheµfollowingµcommandµsequenceµtoµcreate¡þ<symbolsµforµallµ.mdefµfilesµinµlibraryµfilter.¡þ½²%´µ²ddir²¡þñ%µ²=cd´µfilter²¡þ	%%´µ²csymgenµ-verboseµ-magicµ1-16µ*.mdef’ND“I501ileaf_page_string1:1-9¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡lÁ²Primitive´µModels¡Ô¤ÿ¾1³9¡þÏ²
Writing´µtheµCµorµGenericµCµSourceµCode¡þS²When´µyouµdevelopµaµprimitiveµmodelµthatµwillµalsoµbeµusedµwithµthe¡þ›COSSAPµStreamµDrivenµSimulatorµ(SDS),µyouµmustµprovideµaµC¡þäsourceµcodeµversionµofµtheµprimitiveµmodel.µEnsureµthatµtheµbehavior¡þ-ofµtheµCµandµHDLµcodeµofµtheµprimitiveµmodelµareµidentical.¡þ´Next,µwriteµtheµimplementationµofµtheµnewµmodelµinµgenericµCµand¡þýuseµtheµcoinsµutilityµtoµgenerateµtheµsimulationµsourceµcodeµ(see¡þFChapterµ4).µOr,µalternatively,µyouµcanµwriteµtheµmodel¡þŽimplementationµdirectlyµinµC.¡þIfµyouµwillµbeµusingµtheµmodelµwithµtheµCOSSAPµDSPµCode¡þ^Generator,µgenericµCµcodeµ(theµ.gcµfile)µisµrequired.¡þæTheµnamesµofµtheµgenericµCµcodeµfileµandµtheµsourceµCµcodeµfileµare¡þ/theµnameµofµtheµmodelµfollowedµbyµtheµ.gcµandµ.cµfileµtypeµextension,¡þwrespectively.µForµexample,µtheµmodelµfilter"µwouldµhaveµthe¡þÀfollowingµgenericµCµandµsourceµCµcodeµfiles:¡þ/²filter.gc¡þbfilter.c¡þê²TheµCµsourceµcodeµ(.cµfile)µofµtheµprimitiveµmodelµmustµbeµlocatedµin¡þ2theµsameµdirectoryµasµtheµcorrespondingµmodelµlibraryµfiles.µThe¡þ{primitiveµmodelµsubroutineµcodeµcanµcallµotherµfunctionsµor¡þÄsubroutinesµthatµareµdefinedµinµobjectµcodeµfiles,µsuchµasµexternal¡þ	algorithms.¡þ	”Youµcanµuseµtheµoptionalµuserµobjectµcodeµfileµtable,µobjcode.ftbl,µto¡þ	Üdescribeµtheµlocationµofµtheµobjectµcodeµfilesµorµlibrariesµtoµlinkµtoµthe¡þ
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Ü²$HOME/cossap/$COSSAP_PROJECT/d’šD“I501ileaf_page_string1:1-10¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,,k¡Ä,k	ck¡Ä	ck	c¡Ä	c,ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþkÊkÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Primitive´µModels¡.1³10¡þÉ²To´µspecifyµtheµobjectµcodeµfilesµlistedµinµobjcode.ftbl,µuseµaµcomplete¡þpathµdescription.µReferµtoµChapterµ2µforµadditionalµdetailsµregarding¡þZtheµobjcode.ftbl²_²µfile.¡þYouµcanµalsoµcodeµaµprimitiveµmodelµinµFORTRAN77.µForµan¡þaexampleµofµcreatingµaµprimitiveµmodelµinµFORTRAN77,µreferµto¡þ©AppendixµB.¡þ»²
Writing´µtheµVHDLµorµVerilogµSourceµCode¡þu²The´µnextµstepµisµtoµwriteµtheµVHDLµorµVerilogµsourceµcode¡þ¾implementingµtheµprimitiveµmodelµforµtheµVCGµandµHDL¡þco³simulation.µThisµcanµbeµRTLµlevelµorµBehavioralµlevelµcode.¡þ²
VHDL´µRTLµCode¡þÒ²The´µVHDLµsourceµcodeµfileµmustµbeµinµaµsubdirectoryµofµthe¡þdirectoryµthatµcontainsµtheµcorrespondingµmodelµlibraryµfiles.¡þ±²S¡X±²IfµtheµVHDLµcodeµisµnotµforµaµspecificµASICµhigh³levelµdesign¡Xøtool,µtheµsubdirectoryµnameµmustµbeµ² vhdl².¡þ	y²S¡X	y²IfµtheµVHDLµmodelµimplementationµfileµcontains¡X	¿target³dependentµ(ASICµhigh³levelµdesignµtoolµdependent)¡X
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VHDL´µBehavioralµCode¡þš²The´µVHDLµBehavioralµCompilerµcodeµ(alsoµreferredµtoµasµgeneric¡þâVHDLµcode)µofµtheµprimitiveµmodelµmustµresideµinµthe¡þ+vhdlsynopsys_bcµsubdirectoryµofµtheµdirectoryµthatµcontainsµthe¡þscorrespondingµmodelµlibrary.¡þõTheµnameµofµtheµgenericµVHDLµcodeµfileµisµtheµfileµnameµdefinedµin¡þ>theµ.IMPLEMENTATIONSµtokenµinµtheµ.mdefµfileµofµtheµprimitive¡þ‡model.µTheµfileµnameµhasµtheµextensionµ.gvhdl.¡þ4²
Verilog´µRTLµCode¡þ³²The´µsourceµcodeµfileµcontainingµtheµVerilogµimplementationµofµthe¡þûprimitiveµmodelµmustµresideµinµtheµverilogµsubdirectoryµofµthe¡þDdirectoryµthatµcontainsµtheµcorrespondingµmodelµlibrary.¡þÆTheµnameµofµtheµVerilogµsourceµcodeµfileµisµtheµnameµofµtheµprimitive¡þ	model,µfollowedµbyµtheµextensionµ.v.¡þ	¼²
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Inserting´µtheµObjectµCodeµIntoµanµObjectµCodeµLibrary¡þþ²Compile´µtheµsourceµcodeµofµtheµnewµprimitiveµmodelµandµinsertµthe¡þFobjectµcodeµintoµtheµcorrespondingµobjectµcodeµlibrary.µTheµobject¡þcodeµlibraryµfileµmustµresideµinµtheµsameµdirectoryµasµthe¡þØcorrespondingµmodelµlibrary.¡þ†Theµnameµofµtheµobjectµcodeµlibraryµfileµisµtheµnameµofµtheµlibrary¡þÏthatµwillµcontainµtheµnewµprimitiveµmodelµfollowedµbyµtheµ.a¡þextension.¡þÆForµmoreµinformationµaboutµcommandsµthatµworkµonµobjectµcode¡þlibraries,µseeµChapterµ3.¡þ²
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ððxx<<‡‡ÃÃááððxx<<‡‡ÃÃááá<<xxððááÃÃ‡‡<<xxððááÃÃ‡‡áîîÿÿ»»ÿÿîîÿÿ»»ÿÿîîÿÿ»»ÿÿîîÿÿ»»ÿÿá»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îîáªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUáDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDáDDDDDDDDá@@@@@@@@ááÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌáÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿáBB$$$$BBBB$$$$BBá€€@@  €€@@  áÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÉ<É ÉxÉ ÉÉdÉPÉ(É	ä’RWÅD“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-1¥	öä²â¡²¡Ï²¡ž²¥	öä¡‚Á²Model´µLibraries¡Ô¤ÿ¾2³1¡,m²²2â²¥	öä¡Õm²â¡,v²Model´µLibraries¡ï²¥	öäÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÓÊÓÆÃ¡	öï¡þ¡All´µCOSSAPµmodelsµareµorganizedµintoµmodelµlibraries.µBesidesµthe¡þémodelµlibrariesµprovidedµbyµSynopsys,µeachµCOSSAPµuserµorµthe¡þ2COSSAPµmanagerµcanµcreateµadditionalµmodelµlibraries.µThis¡þzchapterµdescribesµtheµmodelµlibrariesµandµcoversµtheµfollowing¡þÃtopics:¡þH²S¡XH²Theµlibraryµtablesµ(models.ltbl)¡þ»²S¡X»²User³definedµmodelµlibraries¡þ	/²S¡X	/²Objectµcodeµfileµtablesµ(objcode.ftbl)¡þ	¢²S¡X	¢²Theµlibraryµmanagerµtool’ÅqD“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-2¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Model´µLibraries¡.2³2¡,Õ²Library´µTablesµ(models.ltbl)¡þ¤²Two´µfilesµdefineµwhichµmodelµlibrariesµareµavailableµtoµaµparticular¡þìCOSSAPµuser:¡þy²S¡Xy²Theµsystemµmodelµlibraryµtable¡þò²S¡Xò²Theµuserµmodelµlibraryµtable¡þŽBothµtheµsystemµandµuserµmodelµlibraryµtableµfilesµhaveµtheµsame¡þÖname,µthatµisµmodels.ltbl.µTheµdifferenceµbetweenµtheµtwoµtablesµis¡þtheµlocationµofµtheµfileµthatµcontainsµthem:¡þ¯²$COSSAP_DIR/admin/install¡(¯¡¯¯²systemµtable¡þõ²$HOME/cossap/$COSSAP_PROJECT/d¡¯õ²userµtable¡þ˜Theµ²systemµmodelµlibraryµtable²µdefinesµwhichµmodelµlibrariesµare¡þáavailableµtoµallµCOSSAPµusersµinµaµparticularµCOSSAPµinstallation.¡þ*ThisµfileµisµusuallyµmaintainedµbyµtheµCOSSAPµsystemµmanager.¡þØTheµ²userµmodelµlibraryµtable²µdefinesµtheµmodelµlibrariesµavailableµto¡þ!aµparticularµCOSSAPµuser.µEachµCOSSAPµuserµhasµaµuserµmodel¡þilibraryµtableµandµcanµmodifyµitµasµneeded.µCOSSAPµsearchesµfor¡þ²eachµuserµmodelµlibraryµinµtheµdµdirectoryµofµtheµcurrentµproject¡þû($HOME/cossap/$COSSAP_PROJECT/d),µsoµyouµcanµcreate¡þ	Cdifferentµuserµmodelµlibraryµtablesµforµdifferentµprojects.¡þ	òEachµtimeµyouµstartµtheµCOSSAPµBlockµDiagramµEditorµ(BDE),µthe¡þ
:programµinspectsµtheµsystemµandµuserµmodelµlibraryµtables.µIfµa¡þ
ƒparticularµmodelµlibraryµisµnotµincludedµinµoneµofµtheseµtwoµmodel¡þ
Ìlibraryµtables,µCOSSAPµdoesµnotµrecognizeµanyµofµtheµmodelsµin¡þthatµlibrary.’q¤D“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-3¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,c,M¡Ä,M	cM¡Ä	cM	cc¡Ä	cc,cÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþMÊMÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡‚Á²Model´µLibraries¡Ô¤ÿ¾2³3¡þÉ²Both´µtheµ²systemµmodelµlibraryµtable²µfileµandµtheµ²userµmodelµlibrary¡þtable²µfileµshareµtheµsameµformat.µEachµmodelµlibraryµmustµhaveµan¡þZentryµinµoneµofµtheµtwoµmodelµlibraryµtableµfiles.µEachµentryµmust¡þ£startµonµaµnewµline.µBlankµlinesµareµnotµallowed.µTheµsyntaxµofµthe¡þìmodels.ltblµfileµisµgivenµinµtheµfollowingµsection.¡þ²
Syntax¡þ²Theµsyntaxµofµanµentryµinµtheµmodels.ltblµfileµis:¡þˆ²²lib_id´µµlib_pathµµlib_implµµlogical_lib_nameµµlib_prot¡þá²²lib_id²¡X*This´µisµtheµuniqueµlibraryµidentificationµnumberµgivenµinµthe¡Xsfollowingµformat:¡þË²¡…Ësite_id.user_id.library_id¡XC²TheµsiteµIDµ(²site_id²)µisµsuppliedµwithµtheµCOSSAPµinstallation¡X‰tape.µTheµsiteµIDµisµdefinedµinµtheµfollowingµfile:¡þó² ´µµµµ²$COSSAP_DIR/admin/install/insid.sim¡þ²²Caution!²¡XÈ²A´µsiteµIDµofµ0µisµassignedµtoµtheµCOSSAPµproductµitself;µdoµnot¡XuseµaµsiteµIDµofµ0µforµyourµownµlibraries.¡XTheµuserµIDµ²(user_id²µ)µisµtheµuserµIDµassignedµbyµtheµCOSSAP¡XÇsystemµmanager.µTheµuserµIDµisµdefinedµinµtheµfollowingµfile:¡þ	1² ¡…	1´µµµ²$COSSAP_DIR/admin/install/usrid.sim¡þ	©²²library_id²´µ¡X	òisµtheµlibraryµIDµassignedµbyµtheµCOSSAPµuserµwhoµcreatedµthe¡X
:modelµlibrary.µMakeµsureµthatµyouµassignµaµdifferentµlibraryµIDµto¡X
ƒeachµmodelµlibraryµthatµyouµcreate.µThisµnamingµschemeµof¡X
ÌlibrariesµallowsµmultipleµCOSSAPµusersµtoµfreelyµexchange¡Xmodelµlibraries.’¤’D“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-4¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âModel´µLibraries¡.2³4¡þÉ²²lib_path²¡XThis´µisµtheµdirectoryµpathµnameµofµtheµsubdirectoryµthatµcontains¡XZtheµmodelµlibrary.µTheµpathµnameµmayµcontainµCOSSAP¡X£environmentµvariables.¡X	AnµexampleµofµtheµusefulnessµofµtheµCOSSAPµenvironment¡XPvariablesµisµifµyouµwantµtoµmakeµtheµsystemµmodelµlibraryµtable¡X–fileµindependentµofµtheµdirectoryµinµwhichµCOSSAPµisµinstalled.¡XÝSystemµmodelµlibrariesµareµusuallyµinµsubdirectoriesµofµthe¡X#$COSSAP_DIR/models²_²µdirectory,µtoµwhichµthe¡XjCOSSAP_MODELSµenvironmentµvariableµisµset.¡þì²lib_impl²¡X4Thisµisµtheµlibraryµimplementationµasµdefinedµinµpriorµreleasesµof¡X}COSSAP.µCOSSAPµcurrentlyµsupportsµonlyµtheµfiles"¡XÆimplementation.¡þ,²logical_lib_name²¡XtThisµisµtheµlogicalµlibraryµnameµusedµtoµidentifyµaµgivenµlibrary.¡X½Theµlogicalµlibraryµnameµmustµbeµaµuniqueµnameµtoµbothµthe¡Xsystemµandµuserµlibraryµtableµfiles.µTheµlogicalµlibraryµnameµis¡XNnotµcaseµsensitiveµsinceµinternallyµitµisµconvertedµtoµlowerµcase.¡XµTheµ.mtblµfileµname,µclib/forlibµfileµname,µandµtheµ.aµfileµnameµare¡Xûallµderivedµfromµthisµlogicalµlibraryµnameµandµwillµbeµall¡XBlowercase.¡XÃForµexample,µifµtheµlogicalµlibraryµnameµinµtheµmodels.ltblµfileµis¡X	
Ecc,µtheµnameµofµtheµ.mtblµfileµisµecc.mtbl.¡þ	©Note:²¡X	ò²TheµcurrentµversionµofµCOSSAPµsupportsµmoreµthanµoneµlibrary¡X
:inµaµgivenµsubdirectoryµasµdidµCOSSAPµ6.8.µHowever,µthe¡X
ƒsupportµofµthisµcannotµbeµguaranteedµinµfutureµreleases.¡X
ÌTherefore,µitµisµstronglyµrecommendedµthatµonlyµoneµmodel¡Xlibraryµresidesµinµaµgivenµsubdirectory.’’D“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-5¥	öä¥	öä¡‚Á²âModel´µLibraries¡Ô¤ÿ¾2³5¡þÉ²²lib_prot²¡XThis´µisµtheµlibraryµprotection.µ²lib_prot²µcanµbeµoneµofµtheµfollowing:¡”‡ReadOnly¡”ÐThisµindicatesµthatµtheµgivenµlibraryµisµread³onlyµandµnew¡”hierarchicalµmodelsµcannotµbeµaddedµbyµtheµuser.µAllµsystem¡”alibrariesµsuppliedµwithµCOSSAPµareµread³only.¡”×ReadWrite¡” Thisµindicatesµthatµtheµgivenµlibraryµisµnotµwrite³protectedµand¡”hnewµhierarchicalµmodelsµcanµbeµaddedµtoµthisµlibrary.µOnly¡”±user³writtenµlibrariesµcanµhaveµ²lib_prot²µsetµtoµReadWrite.¡”'WhenµyouµuseµtheµCreateµNetlistµdialogµboxµinµtheµBDEµand¡”oselectµCOSSAPµhierarchicalµmodel"µasµtheµtarget,µonly¡”¸librariesµthatµhaveµtheµlibraryµprotectionµfieldµsetµtoµReadWrite¡”appearµinµtheµavailableµlistµofµCOSSAPµlibraries.¡þÁ²Example¡,² 0.3.1´µ${COSSAP_DEMOS}/gt_ex03/ex03_lib1µfilesµEX03_LIB1µReadOnly¡,40.3.2µ${COSSAP_USER_D}/ex03_lib2µµµµµµµµfilesµEX03_LIB2µReadWrite’ŠD“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-6¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,E,/¡Ä,/	c/¡Ä	c/	cE¡Ä	cE,EÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ/Ê/ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Model´µLibraries¡.2³6¡þÏ²
Example´µSystemµModelµLibraryµTable¡þn²If´µyouµinstalledµCOSSAPµinµtheµ/home/sun/cossapµdirectory,µthen¡þ¶theµfullµpathµnameµofµtheµsystemµmodelµlibraryµtableµfileµis:¡þ>²/home/sun/cossap/admin/install/models.ltbl²¡þÛTheµfollowingµisµanµexampleµofµtheµcontentsµofµaµtypicalµsystem¡þ#modelµlibrary:¡þ¥²0.0.1´µµ${COSSAP_MODELS}/mod63µµµfilesµmod63µµµReadOnly¡þß17.1.1µ${COSSAP_MODELS}/sitelibµfilesµsitelibµReadOnly²¡þ{In´µthisµexample,µtwoµmodelµlibrariesµ(mod63µandµsitelib)µareµdefined¡þÄinµtheµsystemµmodelµlibraryµtableµfile.µTheyµareµbothµread³only.¡þfmod63µhasµsiteµIDµ0,µuserµIDµ0,µandµlibraryµIDµ1.µItµisµlocatedµinµthe¡þ¯${COSSAP_MODELS}/mod63µdirectory.¡þRsitelibµhasµsiteµIDµ17,µuserµIDµ1,µandµlibraryµIDµ1.µItµisµlocatedµinµthe¡þš${COSSAP_MODELS}/sitelibµdirectory.¡þ~²
Example´µUserµModelµLibraryµTable¡þ	²If´µyouµareµworkingµonµaµprojectµandµitsµCOSSAP_PROJECT¡þ	fenvironmentµvariableµisµsetµtoµ²E²proj1,µtheµfullµpathµnameµofµtheµuser¡þ	¯modelµlibraryµtableµfileµis¡þ
0²/user/cossap/proj1/d/models.ltbl’Š&D“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-7¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,	,ó¡Ä,ó	có¡Ä	có	c	¡Ä	c	,	ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,óÊóÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡‚Á²Model´µLibraries¡Ô¤ÿ¾2³7¡þÉ²The´µfollowingµexampleµisµtypicalµofµtheµcontentsµofµaµuserµmodel¡þlibraryµtableµfile.¡þ‘²´µµ17.4.1µ/user/cossap/proj1/d/lib1µfilesµlib1µReadWrite¡þÅµµ17.4.2µ/user/cossap/proj1/d/lib2µfilesµlib2µReadWrite¡þV²To´µspecifyµtheµsameµtableµusingµCOSSAPµenvironmentµvariables,¡þŸincludeµtheµfollowing:¡þ²´µµ17.4.1µ${COSSAP_USER_D}/lib1µfilesµlib1µReadWrite¡þRµµ17.4.2µ${COSSAP_USER_D}/lib2µfilesµlib2µReadWrite¡þã²In´µthisµexample,µtheµuserµmodelµlibraryµtableµfileµdefinesµtwoµmodel¡þ,libraries:µlib1µandµlib2.µTheyµbothµhaveµwriteµpermissionµsetµsoµthat¡þuyouµcanµaddµmodelsµtoµthem.¡þlib1µhasµsiteµIDµ17,µuserµIDµ4,µandµlibraryµIDµ1.µItµisµlocatedµinµthe¡þ]/home/sun/me/cossap/proj1/d/lib1µdirectory.¡þýlib2µhasµsiteµIDµ17,µuserµIDµ4,µandµlibraryµIDµ2.µItµisµlocatedµinµthe¡þF/home/sun/me/cossap/proj1/d/lib2µdirectory.¡,I²User³Defined´µModelµLibraries¡þ	²Each´µmodelµlibraryµconsistsµofµtheµfollowing:¡þ	ˆ²S¡X	ˆ²aµmodelµtableµfileµthatµlistsµmodelsµinµtheµlibraryµ(itµhasµthe¡X	Îextensionµ.mtbl).µCOSSAPµdoesµnotµrecognizeµanyµmodelµthatµis¡X
notµlistedµinµtheµmodelµtableµfile.µTheµbaseµnameµofµeachµmodel¡X
[tableµfileµisµtheµentryµlistedµinµtheµlibraryµtableµfilesµ(models.ltbl).¡þ
Î²S¡X
Î²aµsetµofµdefinitionµfilesµ(thatµhaveµtheµextensionµ.mdef)µforµeach¡Xmodel.’&sD“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-8¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,D,.¡Ä,.	c.¡Ä	c.	cD¡Ä	cD,DÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ.Ê.ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Model´µLibraries¡.2³8¡þÉ²Store´µeachµmodelµlibraryµinµaµseparateµdirectoryµandµuseµtheµname¡þofµtheµmodelµlibraryµasµtheµnameµofµthisµdirectory.µForµexample,¡þZstoreµtheµlib1µmodelµlibraryµinµtheµfollowingµdirectory:¡þÜ²/home/sun/me/cossap/proj1/d/lib1¡þn²Note:²¡X¶²TheµcurrentµversionµofµCOSSAPµsupportsµmoreµthanµoneµlibrary¡XÿinµaµgivenµsubdirectoryµasµdidµCOSSAPµ6.8.µHowever,µthe¡XHsupportµofµthisµcannotµbeµguaranteedµinµfutureµreleases.¡XTherefore,µitµisµstronglyµrecommendedµthatµonlyµoneµmodel¡XÙlibraryµresidesµinµaµgivenµsubdirectory.¡þ|Theµnameµofµtheµmodelµtableµfileµisµtheµnameµofµtheµmodelµlibrary,¡þÄfollowedµbyµtheµ.mtblµextension.µTheµnameµofµtheµmodelµtableµfileµfor¡þtheµaboveµexampleµis:¡þŽ²lib1.mtbl¡þ ²Theµcompleteµpathµnameµforµthisµexampleµis¡þ¢²/home/sun/me/cossap/proj1/d/lib1/lib1.mtbl¡þ~²
Model´µTableµFileµ(*.mtbl)¡þ	²The´µmodelµtableµfileµmustµcontainµanµentryµforµeachµmodelµinµthe¡þ	flibrary.µEachµentryµmustµstartµonµaµnewµline.µBlankµlinesµareµnot¡þ	¯allowed.µTheµmodelµnamesµmayµbeµlistedµinµupperµorµlowercase,µbut¡þ	÷theµcorrespondingµmodelµdefinitionµ(.mdef²_²)µfileµmustµbeµin¡þ
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Library´µManagementµCommandµLineµUtilities¡þ”²The´µLibraryµManagerµprovidesµyouµwithµanµeasyµtoµuseµgraphical¡þÝinterfaceµforµlibraryµandµmodelµmanagement.µInµadditionµtoµthe¡þ%LibraryµManager,µCOSSAPµincludesµaµcompleteµsetµofµutilitiesµwhich¡þncanµbeµexecutedµfromµtheµUNIXµcommandµlineµforµperformingµmany¡þ·ofµtheµsameµlibraryµmanagementµtasks.µTheseµtoolsµareµsummarized¡þÿinµTable 2³1.µTheirµdetailedµdescriptionsµareµthenµgivenµin¡þHalphabeticalµorder.’šÑD“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-22¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âModel´µLibraries¡.2³22¡,É²Table 2³1³Object´µCodeµLibraryµManagementµUtilities¡þ9²¥	öä¡a²Utility²¡u9¥	öä¡’a²Description²¡p9¡þ±¥	öä¡Ñ²creolbÁã¡ÃÄþttŽþŽþÇ²¡u±¥	öä¡’Ñ²creates´µaµFOR¤ÿÿTRAN77µobjectµcodeµlibrary¡ÃÄuqqŽuŽuÇ²¡p±¡þ¥	öä¡9²creolbc²¡u¥	öä¡’9²createsµaµCµobjectµcodeµlibrary²¡p¡þ¥	öä¡¡²delolb²¡u¥	öä¡’¡²deletesµaµsubroutineµfromµanµobjectµcodeµlibrary²¡p¡þé¥	öä¡	²insolb²¡ué¥	öä¡’	²insertsµsubroutineµcodeµintoµaµFORTRAN77µobjectµcode¡’?library²¡pé¡þ…¥	öä¡¥²insolbc²¡u…¥	öä¡’¥²insertsµsubroutineµcodeµintoµaµCµobjectµcodeµlibrary²¡p…¡þí¥	öä¡²lisolb²¡uí¥	öä¡’²listsµtheµcontentsµofµanµobjectµcodeµlibrary²¡pí¡þU¥	öä¡u²repolb²¡uU¥	öä¡’u²replacesµanµoldµwithµaµnewµsubroutineµinµaµFOR¤ÿÿTRAN77¡’«objectµcodeµlibrary²¡pU¡þñ¥	öä¡²repolbc²¡uñ¥	öä¡’²replacesµanµoldµwithµaµnewµsubroutineµinµaµCµobjectµcode¡’Glibrary²¡pñ’Ñ2D“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-23¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡‚Á²Model´µLibraries¡Ô¤ÿ¤2³23¡,Õ²²Xcreolb²³create´µobjectµcodeµlibraryµ(FORTRAN77)¡þp²This´µcommandµcompilesµallµFORTRAN77µsubroutinesµlistedµinµthe¡þ¹²lib_name².forlibµfileµand,µifµitµdetectsµnoµerrors,µinsertsµtheµobjectµcode¡þintoµtheµ²lib_name²E.a²µarchiveµfile.µIfµaµfileµwithµthisµnameµalready¡þJexists,µthisµcommandµdeletesµtheµoldµfile.µIfµoneµorµmoreµsubroutines¡þ“doµnotµexist,µorµanµerrorµoccursµduringµcompilation,µthisµcommand¡þÛcreatesµtheµ²lib_name².olbrepµreportµfileµandµwritesµtheµnamesµofµthe¡þ$correspondingµsubroutinesµtoµit.¡þ«Theµsyntaxµofµthisµcommandµis¡þ²creolb³[³²lib_name²³[³²compile_opt²³]³]¡þs²lib_name²µ¡X¼isµtheµfileµnameµofµtheµobjectµcodeµlibraryµtoµbeµcreated.¡þ²compile_opt²µ¡XblistsµtheµoptionsµtoµuseµwhenµcallingµtheµFORTRAN77µcompiler.¡X«Besidesµtheµoptionsµthatµtheµcompilerµsupports,µtwoµmore¡Xôoptionsµareµavailable:¡\d² ´µ²¡”¤prepares´µtheµobjectµcodeµforµdebugging,µusingµtheµsystem's¡”ídebugger.µUseµthisµoptionµwhenµyouµdevelopµnewµmodels.¡Un² ´µ²¡”žperforms´µextensiveµoptimizationµofµtheµobjectµcodeµduring¡”æcompilation.µUseµthisµoptionµafterµyouµverifyµtheµcorrect¡”	/operationµofµaµnewµmodel.¡þ	¢Ifµyouµdoµnotµenterµaµcompileµoption,µtheµdefaultµvalue,µn,µis¡þ	êassumed.¡þ
œ²Examples¡þ
â²%´µ²creolb³devlp³d’2èD“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-24¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,Å,¯¡Ä,¯	c¯¡Ä	c¯	cÅ¡Ä	cÅ,ÅÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,¯Ê¯ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Model´µLibraries¡.2³24¡þÉ²This´µexampleµcompilesµallµtheµFORTRAN77µsubroutinesµlistedµinµthe¡þdevlp.forlibµfile,µandµinsertsµtheµobjectµcodeµintoµtheµdevlp.aµarchive¡þZfile.µTheµselectedµcompileµoptionµisµd;µthereforeµyouµcanµuseµthe¡þ£debuggerµtoµtestµtheµsubroutines.µIfµerrorsµoccurµwhenµcompilingµthe¡þìsubroutines,µtheµnamesµofµtheµcorrespondingµsubroutinesµareµlisted¡þ4inµtheµdevlp.olbrepµfile.¡,²²Xcreolbc²³create´µobjectµcodeµlibraryµ(C)¡þ ²This´µcommandµcompilesµallµCµfilesµlistedµinµtheµ²lib_name.clib²²µfile¡þèand,µifµnoµerrorsµareµdetected,µinsertsµtheµobjectµcodeµintoµthe¡þ1²lib_name.a²µarchiveµfile.µIfµaµfileµwithµthisµnameµalreadyµexists,µtheµold¡þzfileµisµdeleted.µIfµoneµorµmoreµfilesµdoµnotµexist,µorµifµanµerrorµoccurs¡þÂwhenµcompiling,µthisµcommandµcreatesµtheµ²lib_name.olbrep²µreport¡þfile,µandµwritesµtheµnamesµofµtheµcorrespondingµfilesµtoµit.¡þ’Theµsyntaxµofµthisµcommandµis¡þþ²creolbc³[³²lib_name²³[³²compile_opt²³]³]¡þY²lib_name²µ¡X¢isµtheµfileµnameµofµtheµobjectµcodeµlibraryµtoµcreate.¡þÿ²compile_opt²µ¡XHspecifiesµtheµoptionsµtoµuseµwhenµcallingµtheµCµcompiler.¡X‘Besidesµtheµoptionsµthatµtheµcompilerµsupports,µtwoµmore¡XÙoptionsµareµavailable:¡”	Ad¡”	Špreparesµtheµobjectµcodeµforµdebugging,µusingµtheµsystem's¡”	Ódebugger.µUseµthisµoptionµwhenµyouµdevelopµnewµmodels.¡”
:nµ¡”
ƒperformsµextensiveµoptimizationµofµtheµobjectµcodeµduring¡”
Ìcompilation.µUseµthisµoptionµafterµyouµverifyµtheµcorrect¡”operationµofµaµnewµmodel.’èD“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-25¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,€,j¡Ä,j	cj¡Ä	cj	c€¡Ä	c€,€ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,jÊjÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡‚Á²Model´µLibraries¡Ô¤ÿ¤2³25¡þÉ²If´µyouµdoµnotµenterµaµcompileµoption,µtheµdefaultµvalue,µn,µis¡þassumed.¡þ¾²Examples¡þ²%´µ²creolbc³devlp³d¡þŠ²This´µexampleµcompilesµallµCµfilesµlistedµinµtheµdevlp.clibµfile,µand¡þÒinsertsµtheµobjectµcodeµintoµtheµdevlp.aµarchiveµfile.µTheµselected¡þcompileµoptionµisµd;µtherefore,µyouµcanµuseµtheµdebuggerµtoµtestµthe¡þdprocedures.µIfµerrorsµoccurµwhenµcompilingµtheµCµsourceµcodeµinµthe¡þ¬listedµfileµnames,µtheµnamesµofµtheµcorrespondingµfilesµareµlistedµin¡þõtheµdevlp.olbrepµfile.¡,Á²²Xdelolb²³delete´µinµobjectµcodeµlibrary¡þW²This´µcommandµdeletesµtheµobjectµcodeµofµoneµorµmoreµsubroutines¡þ (²sub_name_1,µsub_name_2,µ...µ,)²µfromµtheµ²lib_name.a²µarchiveµfile.¡þ$Theµsyntaxµofµthisµcommandµis¡þŽ²delolb³[³²lib_name²³[³²sub_name_1²³[³²sub_name_2²³...]³]´µ]¡þè²lib_name²´µ¡X1isµtheµfileµnameµofµtheµobjectµcodeµlibraryµfromµwhichµtheµobject¡Xzcodeµofµtheµsubroutineµisµdeleted.¡þÖ²sub_name_i²µ¡X	isµtheµnameµofµtheµFORTRAN77µsubroutineµorµCµprocedureµto¡X	hdeleteµfromµtheµobjectµcodeµlibrary.¡þ
²Example¡þ
F²%´µ²delolb³devlp³³my_model1³³my_model2¡þ
Ì²This´µexampleµdeletesµtheµobjectµcodeµofµmy_model1µand¡þmy_model2µfromµtheµdevlp.aµarchiveµfile.’"D“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-26¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Model´µLibraries¡.2³26¡,Õ²²Xinsolb²³insert´µinµobjectµcodeµlibraryµ(FORTRANµ77)¡þl²The´µFORTRANµ77µsubroutineµinµtheµfileµ²sub_name.for²µ(VMS)µor¡þµ²sub_name.F²µ(UNIX)µisµcompiledµand,µifµnoµerrorsµareµdetected,µthe¡þþobjectµcodeµisµinsertedµintoµtheµobjectµcodeµlibraryµfileµ²²lib_name.olb²²¡þF(VMS)µorµintoµtheµarchiveµfileµ²lib_name.a²²µ(UNIX).¡þËTheµsyntaxµofµthisµcommandµis¡þ6²insolb´µ[µ²lib_name²µ[µ²sub_name²µ[µ²compile_optµ²]µ]µ]¡þ²lib_name´µ¡XÙ²isµtheµfileµnameµofµtheµobjectµcodeµlibraryµintoµwhichµthis¡X!commandµinsertsµtheµobjectµcode.¡þ~²sub_name²¡XÇisµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµcontainingµtheµFORTRANµ77µsubroutineµto¡Xinsertµintoµtheµobjectµcodeµlibrary.¡þl²compile_opt²µ¡XµlistsµtheµoptionsµtoµuseµwhenµcallingµtheµFORTRANµ77µcompiler.¡XýInµadditionµtoµtheµoptionsµthatµtheµcompilerµsupports,µyouµcanµuse¡XFtheµfollowingµtwoµoptions:¡”­d¡”õpreparesµtheµobjectµcodeµforµdebugging,µusingµtheµsystem's¡”>debugger.µUseµthisµoptionµwhenµyouµdevelopµnewµmodels.¡”¥n¡”íperformsµextensiveµoptimizationµofµtheµobjectµcodeµduring¡”	6compilation.µUseµthisµoptionµafterµyouµhaveµverifiedµtheµcorrect¡”	operationµofµaµnewµmodel.¡þ	ïIfµyouµdoµnotµenterµaµcompileµoption,µtheµdefaultµoptionµ(n)µisµused.¡þ
œ²Example¡þ
â²%´µ²insolb³devlp³my_model³d’"~D“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-27¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,ý,ç¡Ä,ç	cç¡Ä	cç	cý¡Ä	cý,ýÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,çÊçÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡‚Á²Model´µLibraries¡Ô¤ÿ¤2³27¡þÉ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµFORTRANµ77µsubroutineµmy_modelµinµtheµfile¡þmy_model.forµ(VMS)µorµmy_model.Fµ(UNIX)µisµcompiledµand,µifµno¡þZerrorsµareµdetected,µtheµobjectµcodeµisµinsertedµintoµtheµobjectµcode¡þ£libraryµfileµdevlp.olbµ(VMS)µorµintoµtheµarchiveµfileµdevlp.aµ(UNIX).¡þìTheµdµcompileµoptionµisµselected,µsoµyouµcanµuseµtheµdebuggerµto¡þ4testµtheµsubroutine.¡,=²²Xinsolbc²³insert´µinµobjectµcodeµlibraryµ(C)¡þü²The´µCµsourceµcodeµinµtheµ²proc_name.c²µfileµisµcompiledµand,µifµno¡þEerrorsµareµdetected,µtheµobjectµcodeµisµinsertedµintoµtheµ²lib_name.a²¡þarchiveµfile.¡þ0Theµsyntaxµofµthisµcommandµis¡þ®²insolbc´µ[µ²lib_name²µ[µ²proc_name²µ[µ²compile_optµ²]µ]µ]¡þ²lib_name²´µ¡X`isµtheµfileµnameµofµtheµobjectµcodeµlibraryµintoµwhichµthis¡X©commandµinsertsµtheµobjectµcode.¡þ²proc_name²¡XXisµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµ(withoutµanµextension)µcontainingµtheµC¡X¡sourceµcodeµtoµinsertµintoµtheµobjectµcodeµlibrary.¡þ	²compile_opt²µ¡X	PlistsµtheµoptionsµtoµuseµwhenµcallingµtheµCµcompiler.µInµaddition¡X	™toµtheµoptionsµthatµtheµcompilerµsupports,µyouµcanµuseµthe¡X	áfollowingµtwoµoptions:’~D“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-28¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,¦,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c¦¡Ä	c¦,¦ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Model´µLibraries¡.2³28¡”É²d¡”prepares´µtheµobjectµcodeµforµdebugging,µusingµtheµsystem's¡”Zdebugger.µUseµthisµoptionµwhenµyouµdevelopµnewµmodels.¡”Òn¡”performsµextensiveµoptimizationµofµtheµobjectµcodeµduring¡”ccompilation.µUseµthisµoptionµafterµyouµhaveµverifiedµtheµcorrect¡”«operationµofµaµnewµmodel.¡þ2Ifµyouµdoµnotµenterµaµcompileµoption,µtheµdefaultµoptionµ(n)µisµused.¡þ²Example¡þa²%´µ²insolbc³devlp³my_model³d¡þþ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµCµsourceµcodeµinµfileµmy_model.cµisµcompiled¡þGand,µifµnoµerrorsµareµdetected,µtheµobjectµcodeµisµinsertedµintoµthe¡þdevlp.aµarchiveµfile.µTheµdµcompileµoptionµisµselected,µsoµyouµcan¡þØuseµtheµdebuggerµtoµtestµtheµsubroutine.¡,æ²²Xlisolb²³list´µobjectµcodeµlibrary¡þª²This´µcommandµlistsµtheµnamesµofµallµobjectµcodeµfilesµinµthe¡þò²lib_name.a²²µarchiveµfile.¡þ	˜Theµsyntaxµofµthisµcommandµis¡þ
²lisolb´µ[µ²lib_name²µ[µ²destination²µ]µ]¡þ
ƒ²lib_name²´µ¡X
Ìspecifiesµtheµfileµnameµofµtheµobjectµcodeµlibraryµforµwhichµyou¡Xwantµtoµlistµobjectµcodeµfiles.’D“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-29¥	öä¥	öä¡‚Á²âModel´µLibraries¡Ô¤ÿ¤2³29¡þÉ²destination²´µ¡Xspecifiesµtheµdestinationµofµtheµcommand'sµoutput.µIfµyouµdoµnot¡XZspecifyµaµdestination,µtheµdefaultµdestinationµ(² t²)µisµused.¡”Ðdµ¡”printsµtheµoutputµtoµtheµ>lib_name.olblstµfile.¡”Žtµ¡”×printsµtheµoutputµonµtheµterminal.¡þ˜²Example¡þã²%´µ²lisolb³devlp¡þ~²In´µthisµexample,µtheµnamesµofµallµsubroutinesµinµtheµdevlp.aµarchive¡þÆfileµareµprintedµonµtheµterminal.’D“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-30¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Model´µLibraries¡.2³30¡,Õ²²Xrepolb²³replace´µinµobjectµcodeµlibraryµ(FORTRAN77)¡þl²The´µFORTRAN77µsubroutineµinµtheµ²sub_name.F²µfileµisµcompiled¡þµand,µifµnoµerrorsµwereµdetected,µtheµobjectµcodeµisµreplacedµinµthe¡þþ²lib_name.a²²µarchiveµfile.µTheµobjectµcodeµforµtheµsubroutineµmust¡þFalreadyµexistµinµtheµobjectµcodeµlibrary.¡þËTheµsyntaxµofµthisµcommandµis¡þ6²repolb´µ[²µlib_name²µ[µ²sub_name²µ[µ²compile_opt²µ]µ]µ]¡þ²lib_name²´µ¡XÙisµtheµfileµnameµofµtheµobjectµcodeµlibraryµinµwhichµthisµcommand¡X!replacesµtheµobjectµcodeµofµtheµsubroutine.¡þ~²sub_name²µ¡XÇisµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµcontainingµtheµFORTRAN77µprocedureµto¡Xbeµreplacedµinµtheµobjectµcodeµlibrary.¡þl²compile_opt²µ¡XµlistsµtheµoptionsµtoµuseµwhenµcallingµtheµFORTRAN77µcompiler.¡XýInµadditionµtoµtheµoptionsµthatµtheµcompilerµsupports,µyouµcanµuse¡XFtheµfollowingµtwoµoptions:¡”­dµ¡”õpreparesµtheµobjectµcodeµforµdebugging,µusingµtheµsystem's¡”>debugger.µUseµthisµoptionµwhenµyouµdevelopµnewµmodels.¡”¥nµ¡”íperformsµextensiveµoptimizationµofµtheµobjectµcodeµduring¡”	6compilation.µUseµthisµoptionµafterµyouµhaveµverifiedµtheµcorrect¡”	operationµofµaµnewµmodel.¡þ	ïIfµyouµdoµnotµenterµaµcompileµoption,µtheµdefaultµoptionµ(²En²)µisµused.¡þ
œ²Example¡þ
â²%´µ²repolbµdevlpµmy_model’9D“I501ileaf_page_string1:2-31¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,ú,ä¡Ä,ä	cä¡Ä	cä	cú¡Ä	cú,úÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,äÊäÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡‚Á²Model´µLibraries¡Ô¤ÿ¤2³31¡þÉ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµmy_modelµFORTRAN77µsubroutineµinµthe¡þmy_model.Fµfileµisµcompiledµand,µifµnoµerrorsµareµdetected,µthe¡þZobjectµcodeµisµreplacedµinµtheµdevlp.aµarchiveµfile.¡,:²²Xrepolbc²³replace´µinµobjectµcodeµlibraryµ(C)¡þÞ²The´µCµsourceµcodeµinµtheµ²proc_name.c²µfileµisµcompiledµand,µifµno¡þ'errorsµareµdetected,µtheµobjectµcodeµisµreplacedµinµtheµ²lib_name.a²¡þoarchiveµfile.µTheµobjectµcodeµforµtheµprocedureµmustµalreadyµexistµin¡þ¸theµobjectµcodeµlibrary.¡þFTheµsyntaxµofµthisµcommandµis¡þ·²repolbc´µ[²µlib_name²µ[µ²proc_name²µ[µ²compile_opt²µ]µ]µ]¡þ²lib_name²´µ¡X_isµtheµfileµnameµofµtheµobjectµcodeµlibraryµinµwhichµthisµcommand¡X§replacesµtheµobjectµcodeµofµtheµsubroutine.¡þ²proc_name²µ¡XPisµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµcontainingµtheµCµsourceµcodeµtoµbe¡X˜replacedµinµtheµobjectµcodeµlibrary.¡þø²compile_opt²µ¡XAlistsµtheµoptionsµtoµuseµwhenµcallingµtheµCµcompiler.µInµaddition¡XŠtoµtheµoptionsµthatµtheµcompilerµsupports,µyouµcanµuseµthe¡XÒfollowingµtwoµoptions:¡”	>d¡”	†preparesµtheµobjectµcodeµforµdebugging,µusingµtheµsystem's¡”	Ïdebugger.µUseµthisµoptionµwhenµyouµdevelopµnewµmodels.¡”
:n¡”
ƒperformsµextensiveµoptimizationµofµtheµobjectµcodeµduring¡”
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DESCRIPTION´µToken¡þ	E²This´µtokenµcontainsµaµcomprehensiveµdescriptionµofµtheµmodel.µAll¡þ	Žlinesµofµtheµdescriptionµmustµbeginµwithµatµleastµoneµblankµspace.¡þ	×COSSAPµdoesµnotµinterpretµthisµtext,µbutµitµisµavailableµforµviewingµin¡þ
theµBDE.’†D“I501ileaf_page_string1:3-8¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âModel´µFiles¡.3³8¡þÉ²The´µfollowingµisµanµexampleµofµaµDESCRIPTIONµtoken:¡þ9²123456789´µ...µcolumnµnumber¡þm.DESCRIPTION¡þ¡µDQ1µcomputesµtheµfirstµorderµapproximationµofµthe¡þÕµfirstµderivativeµforµtheµinputµsignal,µusingµthe¡þ	µDifferentialµQuotientµofµorderµ1:¡þDµoutput(k)µ=µ(µinput(k+1)µ-µinput(k)µ)µ/µSAMPLING_TIME¡þÌ²This´µdescriptionµisµfromµtheµDQ1µprimitiveµmodelµinµCOSSAP.¡þ‡²
END´µToken¡þ²This´µtokenµisµrequiredµandµmarksµtheµendµofµtheµmodelµdefinition¡þWand,µtherefore,µmustµbeµinµtheµlastµlineµofµtheµfile.µForµexample¡þÇ²123456789´µ...µcolumnµnumber¡þû.HISTORY¡þ/µ6.3µµµ14-aug-89µµµJ.Kunkel¡þcµµµµµµµfirstµversion¡þž.END¡þÑ***EOF***¡þ’²
ERROR_CODES´µToken¡þ²This´µtokenµdefinesµallµlocalµerrorµcodesµthatµaµmodelµcanµset.µThe¡þasequenceµnumberµandµnameµdefineµanµerrorµcode.¡þÒ²²Error_Code_Number²³²Error_Code_Name¡þ	K²²Error_Code_Number²µ¡X	“sequentiallyµnumbersµeachµerrorµcodeµforµaµmodel.µThe¡X	Üsequenceµnumberµofµtheµfirstµerrorµcodeµmustµbeµ1.¡þ
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Ìsimulationµreportµifµtheµerrorµoccurredµwhileµexecutingµthe¡Xsimulation.’ZD“I501ileaf_page_string1:3-9¥	öä¥	öä¡ÒÁ²âModel´µFiles¡Ô¤ÿ¾3³9¡XÉ²The´µerrorµcodeµnameµcanµbeµupµtoµ40µcharactersµlong.¡X=Noµspacesµareµallowedµinµtheµerrorµcodeµname.¡þÇDefineµtheµ²Error_Code_Number²µandµ²Error_Code_Name²µforµeach¡þerrorµcodeµonµoneµline,µseparatedµbyµblankµspaces.µThe¡þX²Error_Code_Number²µmustµstartµinµcolumnµ2.¡þäYouµcanµdescribeµanµerrorµcodeµafterµtheµlineµthatµdefinesµtheµerror¡þ-code.µAllµlinesµinµtheµdescriptionµmustµbeginµwithµatµleastµoneµblank¡þuspace.µCOSSAPµdoesµnotµinterpretµthisµtext,µbutµitµisµavailableµinµthe¡þ¾errorµreportµofµaµsimulation.¡þJTheµfollowingµisµanµexampleµofµanµerrorµcodesµtoken:¡þ¼²123456789´µ...µcolumnµnumber¡þð.ERROR_CODES¡þ$µ1µSIGNAL_SIGN_ERROR¡þXµµµNegativeµinputµsignalsµareµnotµallowedµinµthisµmodel¡þ‹µµµ(seeµtheµalgorithmµdescription).µIfµCOSSAPµfinds¡þ¿µµµaµnegativeµinputµsignal,µitµsetsµtheµerrorµcode.¡þH²In´µthisµexample,µtheµvalueµofµaµsignalµelementµinµtheµinputµsignal¡þ‘mustµnotµbeµnegative.µForµexample,µtheµinputµtoµanµopticalµdetector¡þÚmodelµisµtheµreceivedµsignalµopticalµpower,µwhichµbyµdefinition¡þ"cannotµbeµnegative.µIfµroundingµorµanµerroneousµconfiguration¡þkcausesµaµnegativeµsignalµelementµinµtheµinputµsignal,µtheµmodelµsets¡þ´theµ1"µerrorµcode,µandµtheµsimulationµexecutionµstops.µTheµerror¡þücodeµappearsµinµtheµsimulationµreport.¡þ	ˆInµtheµCµsourceµcodeµmodels,µtheµfollowingµstatementµsetsµtheµerror¡þ	Ñcode:¡þ
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EXAMPLES²F²
´µToken¡þ
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Î${COSSAP_MODELS}/mod63/examples/schematic/lti.schµisµthe¡Xcompleteµexampleµfileµname.’æD“I501ileaf_page_string1:3-12¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âModel´µFiles¡.3³12¡þÉ²The´µfollowingµisµanµexampleµofµtheµEXAMPLESµtoken:¡þK²123456789´µ...µcolumnµnumber¡þ~.EXAMPLES¡þ²µ1µltiµBLOCK_DIAGRAMµlti¡þæµµµThisµexampleµshowsµtheµconfigurationµthatµcomputes¡þµµµtheµamplitudeµfrequencyµresponseµofµtheµLTIµmodel.¡þNµµµTheµobtainedµoutputµmustµequalµtheµamplitudeµofµtheµ¡þ‚µµµtransferµfunction.¡þ¿µ2µlti_chtµCHARTµlti_cht¡þó³µThisµchartµshowsµtheµamplitudeµofµtheµdiscrete¡þ'³µtransferµfunction.µTheµimpulseµresponseµofµthe¡þZ³µfilterµisµh(n)=1/2^n,µn=0,1,...,N/2-1µandµh(n)=0,µ¡þŽ³µn=N/2,...,N-1.¡þk²
EXIT_FLAG´µToken¡þ
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HDL_INPUT_PORTS´µToken¡þn²This´µtokenµdefinesµtheµclockµandµresetµportsµofµanµHDLµmodel.µThis¡þ¶informationµisµusedµonlyµbyµtheµHDLµCodeµGeneratorµ(VCG).¡þYTheµsyntaxµisµasµfollows:¡þÛ²²number²´µµ²name²µµ(STD_L)µµCLOCK|RESET¡þO²²number²´µ¡X—sequentiallyµnumbersµtheµclockµandµresetµports.µTheµsequence¡Xànumberµofµtheµfirstµinputµportµmustµbeµ1.¡þF²name²µ¡Xisµtheµportµname.¡þSTD_LµspecifiesµSTD_LOGIC,µwhichµisµtheµonlyµdatatype¡þ\supported.¡þÿAµmodelµcannotµhaveµmoreµthanµoneµresetµand/orµoneµclockµinput¡þHport.¡þêTheµfollowingµisµanµexampleµofµanµHDL_INPUT_PORTSµtoken:¡þl².HDL_INPUTS_PORTS¡þ ´µ1µclckµ(STD_L)µCLOCK¡þÔµ2µrstµµ(STD_L)µRESET’:±D“I501ileaf_page_string1:3-14¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âModel´µFiles¡.3³14¡þÏ²F²
HISTORY´µToken¡þX²This´µtokenµbrieflyµdescribesµtheµmodel'sµrevisionµhistory.µAllµlinesµof¡þ¡theµdescriptionµmustµbeginµwithµatµleastµoneµblankµspace.µCOSSAP¡þédoesµnotµinterpretµthisµtext,µbutµitµisµavailableµforµviewingµinµtheµBDE.¡þvForµeachµchangeµinµaµmodel,µincludeµtheµfollowingµinformation:¡þì²S¡Xì²Releaseµandµversionµnumber¡þU²S¡XU²Date¡þ½²S¡X½²Author¡þ&²S¡X&²Shortµdescriptionµofµwhatµyouµchanged¡þ¥Theµfollowingµisµanµexampleµofµaµhistoryµtoken:¡þ²123456789´µ...µcolumnµnumber¡þK.HISTORY¡þµ6.0µµµ24-mar-87µµµJ.Kunkel¡þ³µµµµµµµreleaseµ6µbufferµcallsµintroduced¡þçµ6.1µµµ15-jul-87µµµJ.Kunkel¡þµµµµµµµadditionalµoutputµparametersµremoved¡þOµ6.2µµµ11-dec-87µµµJ.Kunkel¡þƒµµµµµµµtypedµargumentsµintroducedµinµargumentµlist¡þ·µµµµµµµGIVEµandµTAKEµfunctionsµremoved¡þëµµµµµµµJNVIN,µJNVOUTµvariablesµrenamedµtoµJNBIN,µJNBOUT¡þµ6.3µµµ23-feb-88¡þRµµµµµµµoutputµdataµformatµheaderµchanged¡þ†µ6.4µµµ06-apr-88¡þºµµµµµµµoutputµdataµformatµheaderµchanged¡þîµµµµµµµDATOUTµargumentµlistµchanged¡þ	±²
IMPLEMENTATIONS´µToken¡þ
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The´µModelµVHDLµEntityµDefinitionµFileµ(*.v_ent)¡þm²When´µyouµuseµtheµCOSSAPµBlockµDiagramµEditorµtoµcreateµaµnew¡þ¶hierarchicalµmodel,µtheµcorrespondingµmodelµVHDLµentityµdefinition¡þÿfileµisµautomaticallyµcreated.µThisµentityµdefinitionµisµtheµVHDL¡þGlanguageµdescriptionµofµtheµmodel'sµentity.µForµprimitiveµmodelsµthat¡þyouµcreate,µyouµmustµsupplyµtheµmodelµVHDLµentityµdefinitionµfile.¡þÙYouµcanµuseµtheµpmvgµutilityµtoµcreateµthisµfileµfromµtheµprimitive¡þ!model'sµmodelµdefinitionµfile.µpmvgµisµdocumentedµinµChapterµ1µof¡þjthisµmanual.¡þ		TheµmodelµVHDLµentityµdefinitionµfileµmustµbeµinµtheµsameµdirectory¡þ	Rasµtheµlibraryµtoµwhichµitµbelongs.µTheµnameµofµtheµmodelµVHDL¡þ	›entityµdefinitionµfileµisµtheµnameµofµtheµmodel,µfollowedµbyµtheµ.v_ent²_²¡þ	ãextension.¡þ
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Example¡þ•²--´µCHMµnetlist³SYMBOL_SOURCE³createdµMonµNovµ20µ11:48:44¡þÉ1996¡þý--µby³Synopsys³on³SUN³Sparcstation³1¡þ9library³COSSAP;¡þmlibrary³LIB_MOD63;¡þ©use³COSSAP.COSSAP_TYPES.all;¡þåentity³SYMBOL_SOURCE³is¡þ!³generic(NUM_BITSµµµµµµ:µinµCOSSAP_PARAMETER_INTEGER;¡þUµµµµµµµµµµOUTPUT_RATE_1µ:µinµCOSSAP_OUTPUT_RATEµ);¡þ‘³port³(SYMBOL_SOURCE_OUTPUTµ:µoutµCOSSAP_INTEGER32µ);¡þÅ³constantµµMODEL_IDµ:µCOSSAP_MODEL_ALIASµ:=¡þù"MYLIB:SYMBOL_SOURCE";¡þ5endµSYMBOL_SOURCE;¡þ	²
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Ÿ²S¡X
Ÿ²inputµscheduleµinformation¡þ²S¡X²outputµrateµinformation’|°D“I501ileaf_page_string1:3-48¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âModel´µFiles¡.3³48¡þÉ²Port´µClause¡þ6²Theµportµclauseµdefinesµtheµinput/outputµportsµofµtheµdesignµentityµfor¡þ~dynamicµcommunicationµbetweenµaµcomponentµandµitsµenvironment.¡þ!Aµportµclauseµstartsµwithµtheµ²Eport²µkeyword²,²µfollowedµbyµaµlistµofµport¡þiinterfaceµelements.µAµportµinterfaceµelementµconsistsµofµaµport¡þ²elementµname,µfollowedµbyµaµcolonµ(²E:²)µandµtheµportµelementµmode.¡þ7²S¡X7²Ifµtheµportµrepresentsµanµinputµportµelement,µtheµportµelement¡X}modeµisµassignedµtoµtheµ²Ein²µkeyword.¡þñ²S¡Xñ²Ifµtheµportµelementµrepresentsµanµoutputµport,µtheµportµelement¡X7modeµisµassignedµtoµtheµ²Eout²µkeyword.¡þÉNextµinµtheµstatementµisµtheµportµelementµtype,µendingµwithµa¡þsemicolonµ(²E;²).¡þð²ConstantµDeclaration¡þ]²Constantµdeclarationsµstoreµadditionalµinformationµforµtheµsimulator.¡þ¥Aµconstantµdeclarationµstartsµwithµtheµ²Econstant²µkeyword²,²µfollowed¡þîbyµtheµconstantµname,µaµcolonµ(²E:²),µandµtheµconstantµtype.µA¡þ7constantµisµinitializedµusingµtheµ²E:=²"²µassignµoperator²,²µfollowedµbyµan¡þexpression.’°€D“I501ileaf_page_string1:3-49¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,°,š¡Ä,š	cš¡Ä	cš	c°¡Ä	c°,°ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþšÊšÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡ÒÁ²Model´µFiles¡Ô¤ÿ¤3³49¡þÉ²COSSAP´µusesµconstantµdeclarationsµtoµstoreµtheµfollowing¡þinformation:¡þ²S¡X²Modelµaliasµnameµusedµtoµidentifyµaµcomponent¡þý²S¡Xý²Exitµmaskµelements,µspecifyingµwhichµsubcomponentsµofµthe¡XCbehavioralµdescriptionµtheµexitµmasksµset¡þ±²S¡X±²Exitµmaskµflag,µwhichµshowsµwhetherµtheµexitµmaskµsetsµthe¡Xømodel¡þf²S¡Xf²Timeµstatisticsµflag,µwhichµindicatesµwhetherµtoµgatherµtime¡X¬statistics.¡þi²endµKeyword¡þÐ²Theµentityµdeclarationµterminatesµwithµtheµ²Eend²µkeyword²,²µfollowedµby¡þtheµcomponentµname.¡þê²
The´µModelµVHDLµArchitectureµFileµ(*.v_arc)¡þ~²When´µyouµuseµtheµCOSSAPµBlockµDiagramµEditorµtoµcreateµaµnew¡þÇhierarchicalµmodel,µtheµcorrespondingµmodelµVHDLµarchitectureµfile¡þisµautomaticallyµcreated.µTheµmodelµVHDLµarchitectureµisµtheµVHDL¡þXlanguageµdescriptionµofµtheµmodel'sµarchitecture,µandµmustµbeµinµthe¡þ¡sameµdirectoryµasµtheµmodelµlibraryµtoµwhichµitµbelongs.¡þ	8TheµnameµofµtheµmodelµVHDLµarchitectureµfileµisµtheµnameµofµthe¡þ	modelµfollowedµbyµtheµ.v_arcµextension.¡þ
TheµmodelµVHDLµarchitectureµfileµforµtheµanother_modelµmodelµis¡þ
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Û²another_model.v_arc’€cD“I501ileaf_page_string1:3-50¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âModel´µFiles¡.3³50¡þÉ²Note:²¡X²Although´µthisµsectionµofµthisµmanualµbrieflyµdescribesµtheµVHDL¡XZarchitectureµfileµforµaµmodel,µyouµshouldµnotµeditµthisµfile.¡þýForµmoreµinformationµaboutµtheµVHDLµlanguage,µseeµtheµ²IEEE¡þFStandardµVHDL,µIEEEµStd.µ1076-1993²µpublication,µpublishedµby¡XÊTheµInstituteµofµElectricalµandµElectronicsµEngineers,µInc.¡X245µEastµ47thµStreet,µNewµYork,µNYµ10017¡þ±OrµseeµoneµofµtheµmanyµtextµbooksµaboutµtheµVHDLµlanguageµand¡þúitsµusage.¡þTheµmodelµVHDLµarchitectureµfileµcontainsµtheµfollowingµstatements:¡þ!²S¡X!²Localµcomponentµdeclarationsµ(localµgenericµandµlocalµport¡Xhclause)¡þÜ²S¡XÜ²Signalµdeclarations¡þO²S¡XO²Configurationµspecifications¡þÃ²S¡XÃ²Componentµinstantiationµstatements’cD“I501ileaf_page_string1:3-51¥	öä¥	öä¡ÒÁ²âModel´µFiles¡Ô¤ÿ¤3³51¡,É²Figure 3³1³Example´µArchitectureµFile¡, ² architecture´µSYMBOL_SOURCEµofµSYMBOL_SOURCEµis¡,NcomponentµSYMGEN_MOD63¡,{³genericµ(NUM_BITSµµµµµµµµµ:µinµCOSSAP_PARAMETER_INTEGER;¡,©µµµµµµµµµµµINPUT_SCHEDULE_1µ:µinµCOSSAP_INPUT_SCHEDULE;¡,×µµµµµµµµµµµOUTPUT_RATE_1µµµ:µinµCOSSAP_OUTPUT_RATEµ);¡,³portµµµµ(IN_BINARYµµµµµµµ:µinµCOSSAP_INTEGER32;¡,2µµµµµµµµµµµOUT_SYMBOLµµµµµµ:µoutµCOSSAP_INTEGER32µ);¡,`endµcomponent;¡,¡,»componentµBSRC1_MOD63¡,é³genericµ(SHIFT_REGISTER_LENGTHµµµµ:µinµCOSSAP_PARAMETER_INTEGER;¡,µµµµµµµµµµµSHIFT_REGISTER_START_VALµ:µinµCOSSAP_PARAMETER_INTEGER;¡,DµµµµµµµµµµµOUTPUT_RATE_1µµµµµµµµµµµµ:µinµCOSSAP_OTPUT_RATEµ);¡,r³portµµµµ(OUT_BINµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ:µoutµCOSSAP_INTEGER32µ);¡, endµcomponent;¡,Í¡,ûsignalµSIG_3µ:µCOSSAP_INTEGER32;¡,)¡,VforµM_M5_1µ:µSYMGEN_MOD63µuseµentityµLIB_MOD63.SYMGEN(SYMGEN);¡,„forµM_M4_1µ:µBSRC1_MOD63µuseµentityµLIB_MOD63.BSRC1(BSRC1);¡,²¡,ßbegin¡,¡,;M_M5_1µ:SYMGEN_MOD63¡,hµµµµµµµµµµgenericµmapµ(µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµNUM_BITS,¡,–µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ-1,¡,Äµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ-1µ)¡,ñµµµµµµµµµµportµmapµµµµ(µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµSIG_3,¡,µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµSYMBOL_SOURCE_OUTPUTµ);¡,M¡,zM_M4_1µ:BSRC1_MOD63¡,¨µµµµµµµµµµgenericµmapµ(µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ31,¡,Öµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ7685943,¡,µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ-1µ)¡,1µµµµµµµµµµportµmapµµµµ(µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµSIG_3µ);¡,_endµSYMBOL_SOURCE;¡þô²The´µarchitectureµdeclarationµstartsµwithµtheµarchitectureµkeyword,¡þ	<followedµbyµtheµarchitectureµname,µtheµofµkeyword,µandµtheµentity¡þ	…nameµthatµdefinesµtheµinterfaceµofµthisµdesignµentity.’)D“I501ileaf_page_string1:3-52¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âModel´µFiles¡.3³52¡þÉ²The´µnextµlinesµdeclareµlocalµcomponentsµofµtheµbehavioral¡þdescription.µTheseµdeclarationsµdefineµaµvirtualµdesignµentity¡þZinterface,µwhichµcomponentµinstantiationµstatementsµuse.µLocal¡þ£componentµdeclarationsµstartµwithµtheµ²Ecomponent²µkeyword²,²¡þìfollowedµbyµtheµcomponentµname,µthenµaµlocalµgenericµclauseµand/or¡þ4aµlocalµportµclause,µandµfinallyµtheµendµcomponentµkeywords.µThese¡þ}declarationsµareµrepresentedµandµinterpretedµinµtheµsameµwayµasµin¡þÆtheµentityµdeclaration.¡þiSignalµdeclarationsµlistµtheµsignalsµconnectingµtheµsubcomponents.¡þ²Aµsignalµdeclarationµstartsµwithµtheµsignalµkeyword,µfollowedµbyµthe¡þúsignalµname,µaµcolonµ(²E:²),µandµtheµsignalµtype.¡þžForµeachµcomponentµinstance,µtheµconfigurationµspecification¡þæselectsµaµspecificµarchitectureµofµaµspecificµentityµdeclarationµfromµa¡þ/specifiedµdesignµlibrary.µThisµconfigurationµspecificationµstartsµwith¡þxtheµ²Efor²µkeyword²,²µfollowedµbyµanµinstantiationµlabel,µaµcolonµ(²E:²),µand¡þÀaµlocalµcomponentµname.µTheµstatementµcontinuesµwithµtheµ²Euse¡þ	entity²µkeywords²,²µfollowedµbyµaµselectedµlibrary,µaµperiodµ(²E.²),µa¡þRselectedµentity,µandµaµselectedµarchitectureµenclosedµinµparenthesis.¡þšYouµmustµspecifyµaµconfigurationµforµeachµinstanceµofµaµlocal¡þãcomponent.¡þ†Theµblockµofµcomponentµinstantiationµstatementsµstartsµwithµthe¡þÏbeginµkeyword.µEachµcomponentµinstantiationµstatementµinµthis¡þ	blockµmustµnameµaµcomponentµthatµisµdeclaredµinµaµlocalµcomponent¡þ	`declaration.µEachµstatementµisµlabeledµwithµanµidentifier,µfollowedµby¡þ	©aµcolonµ(:).µAµcomponentµinstantiationµstatementµmustµalsoµcontain¡þ	òanµassociationµlistµ(theµgenericµmapµand/orµportµmapµkeywords,¡þ
:followedµbyµaµlistµinµparentheses)µthatµspecifiesµwhichµactualsµare¡þ
ƒassociatedµwithµwhichµlocals.µTheµassociationµlistµelementsµare¡þ
Ìtransferredµbyµposition.µTheµcomponentµinstantiationµstatementµends¡þwithµaµsemicolonµ(²E;²).’)D“I501ileaf_page_string1:3-53¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,½,§¡Ä,§	c§¡Ä	c§	c½¡Ä	c½,½ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,§Ê§ÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,K,5¡Ä,5	c5¡Ä	c5	cK¡Ä	cK,KÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,5Ê5ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡ÒÁ²Model´µFiles¡Ô¤ÿ¤3³53¡þÉ²The´µarchitectureµbodyµendsµwithµtheµ²Eend²µkeyword²,²µthenµthe¡þarchitectureµname.¡,ý²Model´µSourceµCodeµFileµ(*.c,µ*.F,µorµ*.f)¡þª²If´µtheµmodelµisµimplementedµinµC,µtheµfileµnameµextensionµforµthe¡þòmodelµsourceµcodeµmustµbeµ.cµ(UNIXµcompiler).¡þ‡IfµtheµmodelµisµimplementedµinµFORTRAN77,µtheµfileµname¡þÏextensionµforµtheµmodelµsourceµcodeµmustµbeµ.Fµorµ.fµ.¡þdForµexample,µtheµmodelµsourceµcodeµfileµnameµforµthe¡þ¬my_first_modelµmodelµisµeitherµofµtheµfollowing,µdependingµonµwhich¡þõprogrammingµlanguageµyouµusedµtoµimplementµtheµmodel:¡þl²my_first_model.c¡þ my_first_model.F¡,‹²Schematic´µFileµ(*.sch)¡þ8²The´µschematicµfileµcontainsµtheµinformationµspecificµtoµaµgivenµblock¡þ€diagramµincludingµsymbolsµ(copiesµofµtheµcontentsµofµsymbolµfiles),¡þÉnets,µparameters,µandµattributeµvalues.¡þ	]WhenµyouµuseµtheµCOSSAPµBlockµDiagramµEditorµtoµcreateµaµnew¡þ	¦blockµdiagramµorµhierarchicalµmodel,µtheµcorrespondingµschematic¡þ	ïfileµisµautomaticallyµcreated.µTheµschematicµfileµisµstoredµinµASCII¡þ
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ÌTheµlocationµofµtheµschematicµfileµdependsµonµwhetherµitµisµthe¡þschematicµfileµofµaµblockµdiagramµorµaµhierarchicalµmodel.’ÒD“I501ileaf_page_string1:3-54¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,G,1¡Ä,1	c1¡Ä	c1	cG¡Ä	cG,GÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,1Ê1ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Model´µFiles¡.3³54¡RÉ²For´µblockµdiagrams,¡”>itµisµlocatedµinµtheµ${COSSAP_USER_C}/schematic¡”‡subdirectory.¡RíForµhierarchicalµmodels,¡”bitµisµlocatedµinµtheµ²lib²/schematicµsubdirectoryµwhereµ²lib²µisµthe¡”ªsubdirectoryµofµtheµmodelµlibraryµasµdefinedµbyµtheµsystemµor¡”óuserµmodels.ltblµfile.¡þwTheµnameµofµtheµschematicµfileµisµtheµnameµofµtheµblockµdiagramµor¡þ¿hierarchicalµmodel,µfollowedµbyµtheµ.schµextension.µForµexample,µthe¡þnameµofµtheµschematicµfileµofµtheµmodelµanother_modelµis:¡þˆ²another_model.sch¡,‡²Symbol´µFileµ(*.sym)¡þD²The´µsymbolµfileµcontainsµgraphicalµelements,µandµparameterµand¡þattributeµinformationµforµaµmodel.¡þ.Forµprimitiveµmodels,µyouµcreateµsymbolµfilesµusingµtheµcsymgen¡þwutility.µcsymgenµusesµtheµinformationµinµtheµ.mdefµfileµtoµcreateµthe¡þ¿symbolµfile.µReferµtoµChapterµ1µforµdetailsµonµusingµcsymgenµto¡þ	createµaµsymbolµfile.¡þ	©Forµhierarchicalµmodels,µyouµcreateµsymbolµfilesµinµtheµCOSSAP¡þ	òBlockµDiagramµEditorµ(BDE).µReferµtoµtheµ²COSSAPµBlockµDiagram¡þ
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ððxx<<‡‡ÃÃááððxx<<‡‡ÃÃááá<<xxððááÃÃ‡‡<<xxððááÃÃ‡‡áîîÿÿ»»ÿÿîîÿÿ»»ÿÿîîÿÿ»»ÿÿîîÿÿ»»ÿÿá»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îîáªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUáDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDáDDDDDDDDá@@@@@@@@ááÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌáÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿáBB$$$$BBBB$$$$BBá€€@@  €€@@  áÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÉ<É ÉxÉ ÉÉdÉPÉ(É	ä’jXÒD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-1¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,ú,ä¡Ä,ä	cä¡Ä	cä	cú¡Ä	cú,úÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,äÊäÆÃ¥	öä²¡²¡Ï²¡ž²¥	öä¡¬Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¾4³1¡,m²²4â²¥	öä¡Õm²â¡,v²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡ï²¥	öäÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÓÊÓÆÃ¡	öï¡þ¡This´µchapterµdescribesµhowµtoµdevelopµandµintegrateµyourµown¡þécodedµprimitiveµDSPµmodelsµforµtheµCOSSAPµDSPµCodeµGenerator¡þ2(DCG).¡,:²Overview¡þú²ToµcreateµaµprimitiveµmodelµforµtheµCOSSAPµDSPµCodeµGenerator¡þ	B(DCG),µyouµmustµcreateµaµC³likeµprogram,µcalledµtheµ²genericµCµcode²¡þ	‹ofµtheµmodel.’ÒND“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-2¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³2¡þÉ²For´µthoseµmodelsµthatµhaveµinputµandµoutputµportsµwithµconstant¡þsampleµratesµ(whereµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµconsumedµand¡þZproducedµatµtheµinputµandµoutputµportsµisµindependentµofµtheµdata¡þ£flow),µitµmayµbeµeasierµtoµwriteµaµGenericµCµmodelµ,µinsteadµof¡þìwritingµtheµsimulationµsourceµcodeµforµaµnewµprimitiveµmodelµwith¡þ4constantµsampleµrates.µYouµcanµthenµuseµtheµcoinsµutilityµto¡þ}automaticallyµgenerateµtheµsimulationµsourceµcodeµfromµtheµGeneric¡þÆCµcodeµofµaµprimitiveµDSPµmodel.¡þhHowever,µthisµautomaticµprimitiveµmodelµgeneratorµisµnotµasµflexible¡þ±asµmanuallyµcodingµaµprimitiveµmodel.µInµparticular,µtheµrateµatµwhich¡þúsignalµelementsµareµconsumedµfromµtheµinputµportsµandµproducedµat¡þBtheµoutputµportsµofµtheµmodelµmustµbeµconstant,µthatµis,µyouµcannot¡þ‹changeµtheseµratesµfromµoneµactivationµofµtheµprimitiveµmodelµtoµthe¡þÓnextµactivation.¡þvIfµyouµneedµtoµwriteµaµprimitiveµmodelµthatµexploitsµtheµdynamicµdata¡þ¿flowµcapabilitiesµavailableµinµtheµSDS,µyouµcanµstillµuseµcoinsµasµif¡þtheµdataµflowµwereµstatic,µandµlaterµmakeµtheµappropriateµchangesµin¡þPtheµgeneratedµCµcode.µThisµstillµsavesµyouµworkµcomparedµtoµfull¡þ™manualµcodingµofµtheµprimitiveµmodel.’NöD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-3¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¾4³3¡,Õ²Scalable´µStaticµDataµFlowµModel¡þ”²The´µDCGµfollowsµtheµ²scalableµstaticµdataµflow²µparadigm.µTheµsignal¡þÝdescriptionµdeterminesµtheµinputµandµoutputµbehaviorµofµtheµmodels.¡þ%Withµeachµactivation,µaµmodelµthatµusesµtheµstaticµdataµflow¡þnparadigmµconsumesµaµfixedµnumberµofµelementsµfromµitsµinput¡þ·signals,µandµproducesµaµfixedµnumberµofµelementsµtoµitsµoutput¡þÿsignals.µTheµnumberµofµinputµandµoutputµsignalµelementsµprocessed¡þHareµcalledµ²inputµrates²µandµ²outputµrates²,µrespectively.µThe¡þ‘input/outputµratesµmustµbeµfixedµforµtheµentireµsignalµprocessing¡þÙphaseµofµtheµmodel.µTheseµratesµareµpartµofµtheµmodelµspecification¡þ"andµmightµdependµonµmodelµparameters.¡þÅForµmoreµflexibilityµinµoptimizingµtheµDSPµcode,µtheµstaticµdataµflow¡þisµscalable.µForµtheµnumberµofµinput/outputµsignalµelementsµto¡þVprocessµperµactivationµofµaµblock,µyouµcanµspecifyµanµinteger¡þŸmultipleµofµtheµcurrentµinput/outputµratesµofµtheµmodel.µThisµintegerµis¡þçcalledµtheµ²localµblockµfactor²µofµtheµblock.¡þŠTheµscalableµstaticµdataµflowµprincipleµisµanµefficientµsignal¡þÒdescription,µbecauseµextensiveµcomputationsµcanµbeµperformedµat¡þcompileµtime,µandµblockµprocessingµisµsupported.µToµadaptµa¡þdprimitiveµmodelµtoµvectorµprocessing,µuseµtheµavailableµsignal¡þ¬elementµvectorsµatµtheµports,µandµtheµblockµprocessingµfeature,µto¡þõtakeµfullµadvantageµofµtheµpipeliningµcapabilitiesµofµtheµDSPs.µThe¡þ	>resultµisµsignificantlyµenhancedµthroughputµforµtheµgeneratedµcode.’öD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-4¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³4¡,Õ²Generic´µCµCodeµofµaµPrimitiveµDSPµModel¡þ¦²The´µgenericµCµcodeµofµaµprimitiveµmodelµisµaµC³likeµprogramµstored¡þïinµaµfileµwithµtheµ.gcµsuffix.µThisµgenericµCµcodeµandµtheµmodel¡þ8definitionµfileµ(.mdefµsuffix)µdefineµtheµmodelµforµtheµCOSSAPµBlock¡þ€DiagramµEditorµandµtheµDCG.µStartingµfromµprimitiveµmodels,µthe¡þÉcoinsµtoolµgeneratesµprimitiveµC³codedµsimulationµmodelsµforµthe¡þCOSSAPµStreamµDrivenµSimulator.¡þÂAµprimitiveµmodelµconsistsµofµtwoµsections,µtheµ²declaration²µsection¡þ
andµtheµ²functionalµcode²µsection.µTheµdeclarationµsectionµallowsµyou¡þStoµincludeµspecificµdeclarationsµinµyourµprimitiveµmodel.µFor¡þœexample,µyouµcanµdeclareµpre³processorµdirectives,µexpansionµfiles,¡þäandµfunctionµprototypes,µandµyouµcanµdefineµports,µparameters,µand¡þ-inputµdatasets.¡þÝTheµfunctionalµcodeµsectionµcanµconsistµofµupµtoµthreeµphasesµofµthe¡þ&operation:µinitialization,µsignalµprocessing,µandµpost³processing.µThe¡þoGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµaµprimitiveµmodelµimplementsµeachµofµthe¡þ·threeµprocessingµphasesµasµaµseparateµfunction.µAµfunctionµforµthe¡þsignalµprocessingµphaseµisµmandatory,µbutµtheµfunctionµforµthe¡þIinitializationµandµtheµpost³processingµphasesµareµoptionalµandµnot¡þ‘necessaryµinµmostµcases.¡þ	ATheµCµlanguageµimplementsµsourceµcodeµforµaµprimitiveµmodelµasµa¡þ	Šsingleµfunction.µEachµfunctionµdefinedµinµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversion¡þ	Óofµtheµprimitiveµmodelµisµplacedµinlineµinµtheµcorrespondingµcode¡þ
section.µDuringµexecutionµofµaµsimulation,µsingleµsectionsµare¡þ
dselectedµbasedµonµtheµvalueµofµtheµinitµvariable.¡þTheµfollowingµsectionµdescribesµtheµCµcodeµforµaµprimitiveµmodel.’”D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-5¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¾4³5¡þÏ²
Declaration´µSection¡þn²The´µfollowingµparagraphsµgiveµaµdescriptionµofµallµdeclarations¡þ¶allowedµinµanµimplementationµ(.gc)µfile.¡þYTable 4³1µlistsµtheµvalidµdeclarationsµandµcorrespondingµkeywords¡þ¢forµtheµdeclarationµsectionµofµaµ.gcµfile.¡,S²Table 4³1³DeclarationµKeywordsµforµ.gcµFileµofµaµPrimitiveµDSPµModel¡þÄ²¥	öä¡è²Declaration²¡ÛÄ¥	öä¡øè²Keyword(s)²¡pÄ¡þ4¥	öä¡X²Model´µnameÁã¡ÃÄþÚÚþþÇ²¡Û4¥	öä¡øX²MODELNAME¡ÃÄÛssÛÛÇ²¡p4¡þ”¥	öä¡¸²Pre³processorµdirectives²¡Û”¥	öä¡ø¸²(noµkeywordµassociated)²¡p”¡þô¥	öä¡²Expansionµfiles²¡Ûô¥	öä¡ø²INCLUDE²¡pô¡þT¥	öä¡x²Functionµprototypes²¡ÛT¥	öä¡øx²(noµkeywordµassociated)²¡pT¡þ´¥	öä¡Ø²Ports²¡Û´¥	öä¡øØ²INPUT_POR¤ÿÿT¡øOUTPUT_POR¤ÿÿTµ¡øDRA¤ÿýTE²¡p´¡þ€¥	öä¡¤²Delay²¡Û€¥	öä¡ø¤²DELA¤ÿýY¡øÚDELA¤ÿýY_V¤ÿýALUES²¡p€¡þ¥	öä¡<²Parameters²¡Û¥	öä¡ø<²P¤ÿýARAMETER²¡p¡þx¥	öä¡œ²Inputµdatasets²¡Ûx¥	öä¡øœ²INPUT_DA¤ÿýT¤ÿýASETµ¡øÒLENGTH²¡px¡þ	¥	öä¡	4²Internalµstatesµandµconstants²¡Û	¥	öä¡ø	4²ST¤ÿýA¤ÿýTEµ¡ø	jCONST²¡p	¡þ	¨¥	öä¡	Ì²Localµblockµfactor²¡Û	¨¥	öä¡ø	Ì²BLOCKF¤ÿýACT¤ÿÿOR²¡p	¨’”‰D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-6¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³6¡þÏ²
Model´µNameµDeclarationµ(²FMODELNAME²
µKeyword)¡þh²You´µmustµspecifyµtheµmodelµnameµinµtheµ.gcµfileµforµautomatically¡þ°insertedµIPCµmodelsµ(seeµmulti³processorµDSPµcodeµgenerationµin¡þùtheµ²COSSAPµDSPµCodeµGeneratorµUserµGuide²).µUseµthe¡þBMODELNAMEµkeywordµtoµspecifyµtheµname.¡þÞForµotherµmodelsµtheµmodelµnameµisµtakenµfromµtheµmodelµdefinition¡þ'(.mdef)µfile.¡þÃTheµsyntaxµforµdeclaringµtheµnameµofµtheµprimitiveµmodelµis¡þ@²MODELNAME´µ²model_name¡þ¼²model_name¡Xconsists´µofµoneµidentifier.µForµexample,¡þf²MODELNAME´µFIR_ASM¡þþ²Specifying´µtheµmodelµnameµusingµtheµMODELNAMEµkeywordµisµ²not²¡þFnecessaryµinµtheµfollowingµcases:¡þÇ²S¡XÇ²Youµareµnotµgeneratingµmulti³processorµDSPµcode.¡þ7²S¡X7²YouµareµplacingµIPCµmodelsµinµtheµblockµdiagramµmanuallyµfor¡X~multi³processorµDSPµcode.¡þ	G²
Preprocessor´µDirectives¡þ	á²The´µfollowingµtwoµcpp³preprocessorµdirectivesµcanµbeµspecified¡þ
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¦²#define¡þ
Ú#include’‰æD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-7¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¾4³7¡þÉ²More´µcomplexµcpp³preprocessorµstatementsµcanµoccurµonlyµwithin¡þincludedµfiles.µAllµofµtheseµstatementsµareµcollectedµandµreproduced¡þZatµtheµbeginningµofµtheµsynthesizedµcode.¡þóNoµmacrosµareµreplacedµbeforeµparsingµtheµimplementationµ(.gc)µfile.¡þ<Noteµthatµtheµorderµinµwhichµ#defineµandµ#includeµstatements¡þ„appearµinµaµmoduleµspecificationµareµnotµguaranteedµtoµbe¡þÍmaintained.µ#defineµandµ#includeµstatementsµandµanyµother¡þcpp³preprocessorµdirectivesµwithinµtheµscopeµofµfunctionsµinµthe¡þ^implementationµsectionµareµnotµmodifiedµbyµtheµDCG.µThisµfeature,¡þ§forµexample,µallowsµforµdefiningµlocalµmacrosµforµaµlimitedµscope.¡þðHowever,µtoµavoidµconflicts,µtheµmodelµprogrammerµmustµundefine¡þ8(#undef)µlocalµmacrosµafterµtheµcodeµsectionµforµwhichµtheyµare¡þneeded.µNoteµthatµtheµcpp³preprocessorµdirectivesµdescribedµabove¡þÉareµnotµevaluatedµbyµtheµDCG.¡þbIncludedµfilesµmustµbeµlocatedµinµtheµsameµdirectoryµasµthe¡þ«implementationµfileµ(.gc)µfile.¡þ~²
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`Theµfollowingµisµanµexampleµofµaµstatementµforµanµincludeµfile:¡þ
Ú²INCLUDE´µ"limit.gh"’æAD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-8¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³8¡þÏ²
Function´µPrototypes¡þd²Function´µprototypesµcanµbeµsuppliedµforµfunctionsµusedµwithinµthe¡þ­functionsµofµtheµimplementationµsection.µPrototypeµdeclarations¡þõfollowµtheµrulesµofµANSIµCµprototypeµdeclarations.¡þŽForµexample,µtheµfollowingµfunctionµprototypeµdeclaresµtheµfunction¡þ×divideµthatµreturnsµanµintegerµvalueµandµusesµtwoµintegerµvaluesµas¡þ parameters:¡þš²int´µdivide(int,µint);¡þ)²Prototypes´µcanµalsoµbeµsuppliedµwithinµcpp-preprocessorµincluded¡þqfiles.µFunctionµprototypesµwillµonlyµbeµusedµforµcorrectµANSIµCµcode¡þºgeneration.µTheµimplementationµofµtheµdeclaredµfunctionµmustµbe¡þsuppliedµelsewhere,µtypicallyµinµanµobjectµlibrary.¡þ›InµtheµcaseµofµK&RµCµcodeµgeneration,µfunctionµprototypesµare¡þäoptional.¡þ¸²
Port´µDeclarationsµ(INPUT_PORT,µOUTPUT_PORT,µand¡þRATEµKeywords)¡þ™²The´µINPUT_PORT,µOUTPUT_PORT,µandµRATEµkeywordsµare¡þáusedµtoµdefineµportsµinµaµGenericµCµfile.µTheseµkeywordsµare¡þ	*describedµonµtheµfollowingµpages.¡þ	ÃTheµsyntaxµforµdeclaringµanµinputµportµusingµtheµINPUT_PORT¡þ
keywordµis¡þ
†²INPUT_PORT´µ(²n²)³²declaration¡þ²The´µsyntaxµforµdeclaringµanµoutputµportµusingµtheµ²´µ²keyword´µis’AD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-9¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¾4³9¡þÃ²OUTPUT_PORT´µ(²n²)³²declaration¡þP²n²´µisµaµnumberµthatµuniquelyµidentifiesµeachµport.µItµmustµmatchµthe¡þ˜correspondingµportµnumberµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfileµ(.mdef)µofµthe¡þáprimitiveµmodel.µ²n²µmustµstartµatµ1µandµmustµbeµconsecutive.¡þv²declaration²µisµaµC³likeµdeclarationµofµaµpointerµtoµaµsupportedµdata¡þ¿type.µTheµDCGµsupportsµtheµfollowingµdataµtypes:¡þ7²int¡þklong¡þŸfloat¡þÓdouble¡þ_²Besidesµtheµintegerµ(I),µrealµ(R)µandµdoubleµ(D)µdataµtypes,µtheµDCG¡þ¨allowsµaµµbit_vectorµ(B)µdataµtypeµtoµbeµusedµinµmodelµdefinitionµfiles¡þñforµbitµvectorsµwhoseµlengthµdoesµnotµexceedµ32,µasµshownµin¡þ9Table 4³2.¡þÏBesidesµtheseµstandardµCµtypes,µyouµcanµalsoµdeclareµaµportµasµa¡þpointerµtoµtheµgenericµSIGNALµdataµtype.µTheµDCGµwill¡þ`automaticallyµmapµtheµgenericµSIGNALµtypeµofµanµimplementation¡þ©(.gc)µfileµtoµtheµproperµCµlanguageµdataµtype,µdependingµonµthe¡þñcorrespondingµdataµtypeµspecifiedµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµ(.mdef)¡þ:file;µµcoinsµwillµinstantiateµtheµSIGNAL²µgenericµdataµtype²µaccording¡þ‚toµtheµdataµtypeµthatµyouµspecifiedµinµtheµ²-t²µcommandµlineµoption¡þ	Theµ²E²SIGNAL²E²µgenericµdataµtype²µspeedsµprogrammingµwhenµyou¡þ	`mustµprogramµtheµsameµalgorithmµforµseveralµdataµtypes.µYouµcan¡þ	©useµaµsingleµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµtheµprimitiveµmodelµtoµcreate¡þ	òtheµCµlanguageµsourceµcodeµforµtheµprimitiveµmodelsµforµeachµdata¡þ
:type.µEachµdataµtypeµrequiresµaµseparateµmodelµdefinitionµfile,µand¡þ
ƒyouµmustµuseµcoinsµtoµgenerateµaµseparateµCµlanguageµsourceµcode¡þ
Ìfile.µOnlyµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµtheµprimitiveµmodelµis¡þshared.’ðD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-10¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³10¡þÉ²Note:²¡X²The´µdataµtypeµdefinedµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfileµmustµmatchµthe¡XZdataµtypeµdefinedµinµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµtheµprimitive¡X£model,µasµshownµinµTable 4³2.¡,d²Table 4³2³MappedµCµDataµTypes¡þÜ²¥	öä¡²Entry´µinµModelµDefinition¡:File²¡’Ü¥	öä¡¯²CorrespondingµTypeµinµ.gc¡¯:File²¡bÜ¡þŒ¥	öä¡¬²IÁã¡ÃÄþh‘h‘iþiþhÇ²¡’Œ¥	öä¡¯¬²int,µlong²,´µ²SIGNAL¡ÃÄ’hchci’i’hÇ²¡bŒ¡þô¥	öä¡²R²¡’ô¥	öä¡¯²float,¶SIGNAL²¡bô¡þ\¥	öä¡c²¶D_R²¡’\¥	öä¡¢c²double,¶SIGNAL²¡b\¡þœ¥	öä¡¼²\B²¶(²\bit_vector²¶length¶²G3µ²32)²¡’œ¥	öä¡¯¼²long,¶SIGNAL²¡bœ¡þQ²If´µaµmodelµperformsµaµsignalµprocessingµtaskµforµdifferentµdataµtypes,¡þšyouµmustµprovideµaµseparateµmodelµdefinitionµfileµforµeachµdataµtype.¡þâIfµoperationsµinµtheµcorrespondingµimplementationµfileµare¡þ+independentµofµtheµdataµtype,µitµisµsufficientµtoµprovideµone¡þtimplementationµfileµforµaµmodel,µbutµthenµyouµmustµdeclareµthe¡þ¼differentµdataµtypesµasµgenericµSIGNALµtypes.µWithinµoneµmodel,¡þtheµgenericµSIGNALµdataµtypeµmustµstandµforµonlyµoneµidenticalµC¡þNlanguageµdataµtype.µOtherwise,µtheµDCGµreportsµerrorsµdueµto¡þ–inconsistenciesµinµdataµtypes.¡þ	$²ExampleµofµSIGNALµDataµTypeµUsage¡þ	åInputµPortµDeclarations¡þ
2²/*´µAddµsignalµtoµscalar,µbasicµCµdataµtypesµ*/¡þ
f/*µ14-jan-92,µF.Gerbig/G.Grundke,µcreationµ*/¡þ
¤²INPUT_PORT(1)µµregisterµSIGNALµ*Input;¡þ
Ø²OUTPUT_PORT(1)µregisterµSIGNALµ*Output;¡þPARAMETER(1)µSIGNALµScalar;’ðD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-11¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³11¡þÃ²BLOCKFACTOR´µintµBlockFactor;¡þvoidµM0_0_2_init_adds()¡þ7{¡þj³LOOP(BlockFactor)¡þž³*Output++µ=µ²*Input++²µ+µScalar;¡þÒ³ENDLOOP¡þ}¡þÿ²COSSAP´µModelµCµSourceµCode¡,I² void´µM0_0_2_adds(iparam,µrparam)¡,vlongµ*iparam;¡,¤floatµ*rparam;¡,Ò{¡,ÿ³...¡,-³/*µportµdeclarationµ*/¡,[³/*µ1.µinputµportµ*/¡,ˆ³²=SIGNALµ*Input;¡,¶³/*µ1.µoutportµ*/¡,ä² ³SIGNALµ*Output;¡,³SIGNALµ*ccg_Output;¡,?³...¡,m³switchµ(init)¡,š³³...µ¡,È³³caseµ2:¡,ö³³³/*µringbufferµcheckµ*/¡,#³³³rbchk(µInPort(1),µ&ccg_npast,µ&ccg_nfut,µ&ccg_istat);¡,Q³³³...¡,³³³²=Inputµ=µ&rh[ccg_pos];¡,­² ³³³/*µreadµinputµsignalµelementsµfromµfirstµinputµportµ*/¡,Ú³³³rbrd(µInPort(1),µ²=Input² ,µ&ccg_len,µ&ccg_istat);¡,³³³...¡,6³³³/*µsignalµprocessingµcodeµ*/¡,c³³³{¡,‘³³³³registerµlongµccg_lp0;¡,¿³³³³for(ccg_lp0=BlockFactor;µccg_lp0--µ>>µ0;)¡,ì³³³³³{¡,	³³³³³³*Output++µ=µ²=*Input++² ³+µScalar;¡,	H³³³³³}¡,	u³³³}¡,	£³³...¡,	Ñ}¡þ
:²In´µtheµprecedingµexample,µtheµcoinsµµutility,µwhichµconvertsµgeneric¡þ
ƒCµcodeµintoµcompilableµCµcode,µfirstµchecksµtheµnumberµofµavailable¡þ
Ìsignalµelementsµatµtheµfirstµinputµport.µThen,µafterµcomputingµthe¡þnumberµofµsignalµelementsµtoµreadµfromµtheµfirstµinputµportµ(codeµnot’QD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-12¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³12¡þÉ²shown),´µcoinsµreadsµtheµsignalµelementsµfromµtheµfirstµinputµportµinto¡þanµarrayµidentifiedµbyµtheµInputµpointerµvariable.¡þµInputµisµtheµnameµthatµappearsµinµtheµcorrespondingµinputµport¡þþdeclarationµinµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµtheµprimitiveµmodel.¡þGTheµsignalµprocessingµcodeµsectionµagainµaccessesµtheµsignal¡þelementsµreadµfromµtheµfirstµinputµport,µusingµtheµInputµpointer¡þØvariable.¡þ|TheµfollowingµexampleµshowsµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµthe¡þÄnormalµprocessingµfunctionµforµaµprimitiveµmodelµandµtheµcodeµthat¡þcoinsµgeneratesµforµtheµoutputµportµdeclaration.¡þ’²ExampleµofµGenericµCµCodeµGeneration¡þEOutputµPortµDeclarations¡þ²/*´µAddµsignalµtoµscalar,µbasicµCµdataµtypesµ*/¡þÄ/*µ14-jan-92,µF.Gerbig/G.Grundke,µcreationµ*/¡þINPUT_PORT(1)µµregisterµSIGNALµ*Input;¡þ5²OUTPUT_PORT(1)µregisterµSIGNALµ*Output;¡þr²PARAMETER(1)µSIGNALµScalar;¡þ¯BLOCKFACTORµintµBlockFactor;¡þìvoidµM0_0_2_init_adds()¡þ {¡þT³LOOP(BlockFactor)¡þˆ³²*Output++²³=µ*Input++µ+µScalar;¡þ¼³ENDLOOP¡þï}¡þ	È²COSSAP´µModelµCµSourceµCode¡þ
²void´µM0_0_2_adds(iparam,µrparam)¡þ
Glongµ*iparam;¡þ
{floatµ*rparam;¡þ
¯{¡þ
â³...¡þ³/*µportµdeclarationµ*/’QœD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-13¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³13¡þÃ²³/*´µ1.µinputµportµ*/¡þ÷³SIGNALµ*Input;¡þ+³²/*µ1.µoutportµ*/¡þ_³SIGNALµ*Output;¡þ’²³²SIGNALµ*ccg_Output;¡þÆ²³...¡þú³/*µgetµparametersµ*/¡þ.³³Scalarµ=µGetParameter_R(1);¡þb³³...¡þ–³³switchµ(init)¡þÊ³³{¡þþ³³³...¡þ2³³³caseµ2:¡þe³³³³...¡þ™³³³³²Outputµ=µccg_Outputµ=µ&rh[ccg_pos];¡þÍ²³³³³/*µsignalµprocessingµcodeµ*/¡þ³³³³{¡þ5³³³³³registerµlongµccg_lp0;¡þi³³³³³for(ccg_lp0=BlockFactor;µccg_lp0--µ>>µ0;)¡þ³³³³³³{¡þÑ³³³³³³²*Output++²³=µ*Input++µ+µScalar;¡þ³³³³³³}¡þ8³³³³}¡þl¡þ /*µwriteµoutputµsignalµelementsµtoµfirstµoutputµportµ*/¡þÔ³³³³rbwr(OutPort(1),²ccg_Output²,µ&ccg_len,µ&ccg_istat);¡þ³³³³...¡þ<³³}¡þp}¡þ²In´µtheµaboveµexample,µcoinsµfirstµstoresµtheµsignalµelements¡þScomputedµfromµtheµinputµsignalµelementsµofµtheµsignalµprocessing¡þœcodeµsectionµintoµanµarrayµusingµtheµOutputµpointerµvariable.µNext,¡þåcoinsµwritesµtheµsignalµelementsµfromµtheµarrayµtoµwhichµOutput¡þ	-pointsµtoµtheµfirstµoutputµport.µOutputµisµtheµnameµthatµappearsµinµthe¡þ	vcorrespondingµoutputµportµdeclarationµinµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversion¡þ	¿ofµtheµprimitiveµmodel.’œ÷D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-14¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³14¡þÉ²Rate´µDeclarationµ(RATEµKeyword)¡þ2²Theµsampleµrateµcanµbeµspecifiedµalongµwithµeachµportµasµfollows:¡þ®²RATE(²port²)=²c_expression²;¡þ	²whereµ²port²µmustµbeµaµportµdeclaredµinµtheµimplementationµ(.gc)µfile,¡þRandµ²c_expression²µmayµbeµanyµvalidµCµexpression.¡þìTheµsampleµrateµindicatesµtheµnumberµofµsamplesµconsumedµor¡þ5producedµatµtheµcorrespondingµinputµorµoutputµportµeachµtimeµthe¡þ~correspondingµblockµisµactivated.µTheµrateµexpressionµevaluatesµtoµa¡þÆconstantµforµSSDFµ(scalableµsynchronousµdataµflow)µblocks;µseeµthe¡þ²COSSAPµDSPµCodeµGeneratorµUserµGuide².¡þªRateµexpressionsµcanµdependµonµ#define,µPARAMETER,µLENGTH¡þóand/orµCONSTµdeclarationsµ(seeµbelow),µwhichµmustµhaveµbeen¡þ;declaredµbefore.µTheµrateµofµaµportµcanµalsoµbeµspecifiedµwithinµthe¡þ„modelµdefinitionµ(.mdef)µfileµofµtheµmodel.µHowever,µifµspecifiedµinµan¡þÌ.mdefµfile,µtheµrateµcanµdependµonlyµonµPARAMETERµobjects.µIfµthe¡þrateµisµspecifiedµinµbothµtheµimplementationµ(.gc)µandµmodel¡þ^definitionµ(.mdef)µfile,µtheµrateµspecifiedµinµtheµ.gcµfileµisµused.µIfµthe¡þ¦rateµdeclarationµisµomittedµforµanyµoneµport,µitµisµassumedµtoµbeµ1.¡þANote:²¡XŠ²Forµautomatically³insertedµinterprocessµcommunicationµ(IPC)¡XÓmodels,µtheµrateµisµnotµtakenµfromµtheµIPCµmodel'sµ²´µ²file´µbyµthe¡X	DCG.µTherefore,µforµautomatically³insertedµIPCµmodels,µuseµthe¡X	dRATEµkeywordµinµtheµ.gcµfileµtoµspecifyµtheµrate.¡þ	ÿTheµfollowingµareµexampleµportµandµrateµdeclarations:¡þ
{²INPUT_PORT(1)´µregisterµSIGNALµ*InReal;¡þ
¯INPUT_PORT(2)µregisterµSIGNALµ*InImag;¡þ
âOUTPUT_PORT(1)µfloatµ*Output;¡þ’÷ÕD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-15¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³15¡þÃ²RATE(INPUT_PORT(1))´µ=µ8;¡þ÷RATE(INPUT_PORT(2))µ=µ((a*b)µ<<µ2)µ+µc;¡þˆ²The´µlastµrateµspecificationµisµonlyµvalidµifµa,µb,µandµcµareµ#define,¡þÑCONST,µPARAMETER,µorµLENGTHµdeclarationsµspecified¡þpreviouslyµinµtheµimplementationµ(.gc)µfile.¡þºTheµnamesµofµtheµinputµportsµcanµbeµdifferentµfromµtheµnamesµinµthe¡þmodelµdefinitionµfile.µHowever,µyouµshouldµuseµidenticalµnamesµin¡þKtheµmodelµdefinitionµandµtheµgenericµCµcode.¡þìTheµoptionalµregisterµkeywordµdirectsµtheµDCGµtoµdeclareµtheµportµas¡þ4aµlimited³scopeµoptimizedµvariable.µOperationµefficiencyµincreases¡þ}accordingly.µcoinsµignoresµtheµoptionalµregisterµkeywordµbecauseµit¡þÆmakesµsenseµonlyµinµtheµcontextµofµtheµCOSSAPµDSPµCode¡þGenerator.¡þï²
Delay´µDeclarationsµ(DELAYµandµDELAY_VALUES¡þ:Keywords)¡þ×²A´µdelayµvalueµcanµbeµspecifiedµalongµwithµitsµinputµportµasµfollows:¡þW²DELAY²²(INPUT_PORT(²n²))´µ=µ²c_expression²;¡þè²INPUT_PORT(²n²)´µmustµhaveµalreadyµbeenµdeclaredµinµthe¡þ	1implementationµ(.gc)µfile.µ²c_expression²µisµaµvalidµCµexpressionµand¡þ	ycanµdependµonµ#define,µPARAMETER,µLENGTH,µand/orµCONST¡þ	Âdeclarationsµwhichµmustµhaveµalreadyµbeenµdeclared.¡þ
cTheµdelayedµsignalµelementsµcanµbeµinitializedµasµfollows:¡þ
â²DELAY_VALUES²²(INPUT_PORT(²n²))´µ=µ²constant²µ|µ²dataset²;’Õ¥D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-16¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³16¡þÉ²INPUT_PORT(²n²)´µmustµhaveµalreadyµbeenµdeclaredµinµthe¡þimplementationµ(.gc)µfile.µ²constant²µcanµdependµonµ#define,¡þZPARAMETER,µLENGTH,µand/orµCONSTµdeclarationsµwhichµmust¡þ£haveµalreadyµbeenµdeclared.µAllµsignalµelementsµareµthenµinitialized¡þìwithµthisµconstantµvalue.¡þ‚²dataset²µisµaµdatasetµwhichµmustµhaveµalreadyµbeenµdeclaredµusing¡þÊtheµINPUT_DATASETµkeyword.¡þaIfµtheµkeywordµDELAYµisµusedµtoµspecifyµaµdelayµforµanµinputµport¡þ©butµDELAY_VALUESµisµnotµspecified,µtheµcorrespondingµsignal¡þòelementsµareµinitializedµwithµ0.¡þˆTheµfollowingµareµexampleµdelayµdeclarations:¡þ²LENGTH(INPUT_DATASET(1.2))´µintµlen;¡þ5INPUT_DATASET(1.2)µlongµpattern[len];¡þi.¡þ.¡þÐ.¡þDELAY(INPUT_PORT(1))µ=µ1;¡þ8DELAY_VALUES(INPUT_PORT(1))µ=µ5;¡þl¡þ DELAY(INPUT_PORT(2))µ=µlen;¡þÔDELAY_VALUES(INPUT_PORT(2))µ=µpattern;¡þ¢²
Parameter´µDeclarationsµ(PARAMETERµKeyword)¡þ	5²The´µsyntaxµforµdeclaringµaµparameterµinµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversion¡þ	}ofµaµprimitiveµmodelµis¡þ	ö²PARAMETER³(²n²)³²declaration¡þ
ƒ²n²µisµaµnumberµthatµuniquelyµidentifiesµeachµparameter.µ²n²µmustµmatch¡þ
Ìtheµcorrespondingµparameterµnumberµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfileµ(²)²µof¡þtheµprimitiveµmodel.µ²n²µmustµstartµatµ1µandµmustµbeµconsecutive.’¥¾D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-17¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³17¡þÉ²declaration²´µisµaµC³likeµdeclaration.µTheµDCGµsupportsµtheµfollowing¡þdataµtypes:¡þ“²int¡þÇlong¡þûfloat¡þŒ²coinsµdoesµnotµsupportµint,µcomplex,µorµdoubleµdataµtypes¡þ/InµadditionµtoµtheseµstandardµCµdataµtypes,µyouµcanµdeclareµa¡þwparameterµasµaµ²SIGNALµgenericµdataµtype².µ²Ecoins²µinstantiatesµthe¡þÀ²SIGNALµgenericµdataµtype²µaccordingµtoµtheµdataµtypeµspecifiedµin¡þ	theµ²E-t²µcommandµlineµoption.¡þ«Theµ²SIGNALµgenericµdataµtype²µspeedsµprogrammingµwhenµyou¡þómustµprogramµtheµsameµalgorithmµforµseveralµdataµtypes.µYouµcan¡þ<useµaµsingleµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµtheµprimitiveµmodelµtoµcreate¡þ…theµCµlanguageµsourceµcodeµforµtheµprimitiveµmodelsµforµeachµdata¡þÍtype.µEachµdataµtypeµrequiresµaµseparateµmodelµdefinitionµfile,µand¡þyouµmustµuseµcoinsµtoµgenerateµaµseparateµCµlanguageµsourceµcode¡þ_file.µOnlyµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµtheµprimitiveµmodelµis¡þ§shared.¡þJNote:²¡X’²Theµdataµtypeµdefinedµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfileµmustµmatchµthe¡XÛdataµtypeµdefinedµinµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµtheµprimitive¡X	#model,µasµshownµinµTable 4³2.¡þ	ÆExamplesµofµparameterµdeclarationsµare:¡þ
G²PARAMETER(1)³register³int³a1³;¡þ
{PARAMETER(2)³int³a2³;¡þ
¯PARAMETER(3)³register³float³b³;¡þ
âPARAMETER(4)³SIGNAL³c³;’¾rD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-18¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³18¡þÉ²The´µnamesµofµparametersµcanµbeµdifferentµfromµtheµnamesµinµthe¡þmodelµdefinitionµfile.µHowever,µyouµshouldµuseµidenticalµnamesµin¡þZtheµmodelµdefinitionµandµtheµgenericµCµcode.¡þýTheµoptionalµregisterµkeywordµforcesµtheµDCGµtoµdeclareµtheµportµas¡þFaµlimited³scopeµoptimizedµvariable.µOperationµefficiencyµincreases¡þŽaccordingly.µcoinsµignoresµtheµregisterµkeywordµbecauseµitµmakes¡þ×senseµonlyµinµtheµcontextµofµtheµCOSSAPµDSPµCodeµGenerator.¡þzTheµfollowingµlistingµshowsµanµexampleµforµtheµparameter¡þÂdeclarationsµinµaµGenericµCµcodeµfile.¡þG²ExampleµofµParameterµDeclarationsµinµGenericµCµCode¡þ›²/*´µAddµsignalµtoµscalar,µbasicµCµdataµtypesµ*/¡þÏ/*µ14-jan-92,µF.Gerbig/G.Grundke,µcreationµ*/¡þINPUT_PORT(1)µµregisterµSIGNALµ*Input;¡þ@OUTPUT_PORT(1)µregisterµSIGNALµ*Output;¡þ}PARAMETER(1)µSIGNALµScalar;¡þºBLOCKFACTORµintµBlockFactor;¡þ÷voidµM0_0_2_init_adds()¡þ+{¡þ^³LOOP(BlockFactor)¡þ’³*Output++µ=µ*Input++µ+µ²Scalar²;¡þÆ³ENDLOOP¡þú}’rÇD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-19¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³19¡þÉ²The´µfollowingµisµtheµcorrespondingµCOSSAPµmodelµCµsourceµcode¡þgeneratedµbyµcoinsµforµtheµSDS:¡þ§²void´µM0_0_2_adds(iparam,µrparam)¡þÛlongµ*iparam;¡þfloatµ*rparam;¡þC{¡þw³...¡þª³/*µportµdeclarationµ*/¡þÞ³...¡þ³/*µparameterµdeclarationµ*/¡þF³/*µ1.µparameterµ*/µ¡þz³²SIGNALµScalar;¡þ®²³...¡þâ³switchµ(init)¡þ³³...¡þJ³³caseµ2:¡þ}³³³...¡þ±³³³/*µsignalµprocessingµcodeµ*/¡þå³³³{¡þ³³³³registerµlongµccg_lp0;¡þM³³³³for(ccg_lp0=BlockFactor;µccg_lp0--µ>>µ0;)¡þ³³³³³{¡þµ³³³³³³*Output++µ=µ*Input++µ+µ²Scalar²;¡þé³³³³³}¡þ³³³}¡þP³³...¡þ„}¡þB²
Declaring´µRecordsµofµInputµDatasets¡þ(INPUT_DATASETµandµLENGTHµKeywords)¡þ	H²An´µinputµdatasetµinµtheµimplementationµ(.gc)µfileµcorrespondsµtoµa¡þ	‘singleµrecordµofµanµinputµdatasetµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµ(.mdef)µfile.¡þ
PTheµsyntaxµforµdeclaringµanµinputµdatasetµrecordµis:¡,
ß² INPUT_DATASET(²!dataset_no² .²!record_no² )³[´µCONSTµ|µSTATEµ]µ²!declaration’Ç[D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-20¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³20¡þÉ²dataset_no²´µ¡XspecifiesµtheµdatasetµnumberµofµtheµDSPµmodel.¡þx²record_no²µ¡XÁspecifiesµtheµrecordµnumberµofµthisµinputµdataset.¡þ(²declaration²µ¡XpisµaµC³likeµdeclaration.µAnµinputµdatasetµalwaysµinitializesµan¡X¹array.µTheµsizeµofµthisµarrayµcanµeitherµbeµimplicitµorµitµcan¡Xdependµonµconstantµnumbers,µ#defineµdeclarations,µscalar¡XJintegerµPARAMETERµand/orµCONSTµobjects,µorµitsµLENGTH¡X“objectµ(seeµbelow).¡þIfµanµinputµdatasetµrecordµisµusedµonlyµinµtheµinitializationµprocessing¡þ`phase,µtheµsyntaxµforµdeclaringµtheµrecordµis:¡þâ²INPUT_DATASET(²dataset_no².²record_no²)³²declaration¡þt²Ifµanµinputµdatasetµrecordµisµnotµchangedµ(itµisµread-only)µandµisµto¡þ¼beµaccessedµinµallµphases,µdeclareµitµasµCONST:¡þ>²INPUT_DATASET(²dataset_no².²record_no²)³²CONST³declaration¡þÐ²Ifµanµinputµdatasetµrecordµisµchangedµ(itµisµread-write)µandµisµtoµbe¡þaccessedµinµallµphases,µdeclareµitµasµSTATE:¡þš²INPUT_DATASET(²dataset_no².²record_no²)³²STATE³declaration¡þ	,²Noteµthatµobjectsµusedµinµtheµsizeµexpressionµofµanµarrayµmustµhave¡þ	tbeenµdeclaredµpreviously.µAµLENGTHµobjectµdescribesµtheµlengthµof¡þ	½aµrecordµofµanµinputµdataset.’[%D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-21¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³21¡þÉ²In´µtheµfollowingµexample,µnum_coeffµisµdeclaredµtheµlengthµofµinput¡þdatasetµcoeff:¡þ•²LENGTH(´µINPUT_DATASET(1.3)µ)µintµnum_coeff;¡þÉINPUT_DATASET(1.3)µfloatµcoeff[num_coeff];¡þ\²The´µDCGµsupportsµtheµfollowingµdataµtypes:¡þß²int¡þlong¡þGfloat¡þã²BesidesµtheseµstandardµCµtypes,µyouµcanµalsoµdeclareµaµrecordµas¡þ,theµgenericµSIGNALµdataµtype,µasµdescribedµinµPortµDeclarations¡þu(INPUT_PORT,µOUTPUT_PORT,µandµRATEµKeywords)"µonµpage¡þ½4³8.¡þcNote:²¡X«²Theµdoubleµtypeµisµnotµsupported.¡þQBesidesµtheseµstandardµCµtypes,µyouµcanµalsoµdeclareµaµrecordµas¡þ™theµgenericµSIGNALµdataµtype,µasµdescribedµinµInputµPort¡þâDeclaration".µTheµCOSSAPµDCGµdoesµnotµsupportµtheµsignalµdata¡þ+type.¡þÐTheµfollowingµareµexamplesµofµdeclaringµrecordsµofµinputµdatasets.¡þ	V1.¡X	VThisµexampleµdeclaresµtheµvariableµcoefficientsµasµanµarray¡X	whoseµsizeµisµa1+a2µandµwhoseµtypeµisµinteger.µInµthisµexample,¡X	äa1µandµa2µmustµbeµdeclaredµasµ#define,µPARAMETER,µand/or¡X
*CONSTµobjects.µYouµcanµuseµtheµinputµdatasetµcoefficientsµonly¡X
qinµtheµinitializationµprocessingµphase.¡þ
â²INPUT_DATASET(1.1)³long³coefficients[a1+a2];’%*D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-22¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³22¡þÉ²2.¡XÉThis´µexampleµdeclaresµtheµinputµdatasetµrecordµpatternµasµan¡XarrayµwhoseµsizeµisµPatternLengthµandµwhoseµCOSSAPµtypeµis¡XVtheµgenericµSIGNAL.µInµthisµexample,µPatternLengthµmustµbe¡Xdeclaredµasµ#define,µPARAMETER,µCONST,µorµLENGTH¡Xãobject.µYouµcanµuseµthisµinputµdatasetµinµallµprocessingµphases.¡þ\²INPUT_DATASET(1.1)³STATE³SIGNAL³pattern[PatternLength];¡þJ²
Internal´µStateµDeclarationsµ(STATEµCONSTµKeywords)¡þø²If´µyouµneedµtoµpreserveµtheµvaluesµofµsomeµvariablesµbetweenµtwo¡þAsuccessiveµactivationsµofµaµprimitiveµmodelµ(soµthatµtheµprimitive¡þŠmodelµcanµresumeµtheµprocessing),µdeclareµscalarµor¡þÒone³dimensionalµarrayµvariablesµinµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµof¡þtheµprimitiveµmodel.¡þÍTheµSTATEµkeywordµallowsµyouµtoµdefineµalgorithmicµstates.µAµdata¡þobjectµthatµisµdeclaredµSTATEµcanµbeµmodifiedµbyµtheµmodelµcode.¡þ^Theseµmodificationsµareµpreservedµacrossµdifferentµactivationsµofµa¡þ§particularµinstanceµofµtheµmodel.µInternalµstatesµdeclareµeither¡þïscalars,µone³dimensionalµarrayµvariables,µorµpointers,µwhichµare¡þ8savedµbetweenµtwoµblockµactivations.µTheseµvariablesµareµdeclared¡þgloballyµinµtheµgeneratedµprogram.¡þ	2Theµsyntaxµforµscalarµstateµvariablesµis¡þ	¾²STATE³[²register²]³²type³name²;´µ¡þ
V²The´µsyntaxµforµone³dimensionalµarrayµstateµvariablesµis:¡þ
â²STATE³[²register²]³²type³name²[²expression²];’*¡D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-23¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³23¡þÉ²The´µsyntaxµforµpointerµstateµvariablesµis¡þj²STATE³[²register²]³²type*³name²;´µ¡þ²expression²´µindicatesµtheµlengthµofµtheµstateµarrayµandµcanµdepend¡þVonµ#define,µPARAMETER,µCONST,µand/orµLENGTHµdeclarations,¡þŸwhichµmustµhaveµbeenµdefinedµpreviously.¡þnTheµfollowingµdataµtypesµareµsupported:¡þ²int¡þBlong¡þvfloat¡þªdouble¡þ[²Thereµareµnoµconstraintsµonµtheµdataµtypeµforµaµpointerµstate¡þ¤variable;µaµpointerµstateµvariableµmayµbeµanyµvalidµCµpointer.µFor¡þìexample,¡þ²STATE´µFILE*µFileDesc;¡þ>²The´µlengthµofµaµstateµarrayµcanµalsoµbeµdependentµonµtheµlocalµblock¡þ†factor,µbutµonlyµwithµrestrictions.µWhenµusingµblockµfactorµdependent¡þÏstates,µtheµschedulingµcodeµgenerationµstrategyµhierarchical¡þ	scheduling"µshouldµalwaysµbeµselected.µNevertheless,µifµaµblock¡þ	`comprisingµaµblockµfactorµdependentµstateµisµusedµinµaµfeedback¡þ	©loop,µitµcannotµbeµpossibleµtoµgenerateµrunableµcode.µTherefore,µifµa¡þ	òblockµhasµappearancesµinµtheµevaluatedµscheduleµwithµdifferent¡þ
:localµblockµfactors,µthisµblockµmustµnotµdeclareµaµstateµarrayµwhose¡þ
ƒlengthµisµdependentµonµtheµlocalµblockµfactor.µ(Forµmoreµinformation,¡þ
ÌseeµtheµsectionµCodeµGenerationµStrategies"µinµtheµ²COSSAPµDSP¡þCodeµGeneratorµUserµGuide².)’¡D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-24¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³24¡þÉ²States´µcanµbeµinitializedµusingµregularµCµinitializationµmethods.¡þArraysµareµinitializedµusingµparenthesized,µcomma³separatedµlistsµof¡þZvalues.µInitializationµofµscalarµstateµobjectsµcanµalsoµdependµonµC¡þ£expressionsµusingµoneµofµtheµpreviouslyµdefinedµobjects¡þì(PARAMETER,µSTATE,µCONST,µand/orµ#defineµdeclarations).¡þ4However,µthisµdoesµnotµholdµforµinitializationµofµarraysµforµwhichµonly¡þ}expressionsµofµplainµnumbersµandµmacrosµareµlegal.µStatesµcanµbe¡þÆdeclaredµuninitialized.¡þzUsingµaµsimilarµsyntaxµasµforµstates,µconstantµvariablesµareµdefined¡þÃusingµtheµkeywordµCONST.µObjectsµdeclaredµasµCONSTµmustµnot¡þbeµmodifiedµbyµtheµmodelµcode,µandµtheyµmustµnotµdependµon¡þTSTATEµvariables.µCONSTµdeclarationsµareµonlyµvalidµwith¡þinitialization.¡þRTheµfollowingµareµexampleµSTATEµandµCONSTµdeclarations:¡þà²PARAMETER(1)´µintµNumCoeff;¡þSTATEµregisterµfloatµCumulativeSumµ;¡þSSTATEµSIGNALµdata[µ3µ*µNumCoeffµ];¡þ÷²The´µfirstµinternalµstateµdeclarationµdefinesµtheµCumulativeSum¡þ?scalarµstateµvariableµofµfloatµdataµtype.¡þôTheµsecondµstateµdeclarationµdefinesµtheµone³dimensionalµdata¡þ	=arrayµofµSIGNALµgenericµdataµtype,µwhichµhasµtheµsizeµ[3µ*¡þ	†NumCoeff],µwhereµNumCoeffµwasµdefinedµasµaµmodelµparameter¡þ	Îvariable.¡þ
ƒNote:²¡X
Ì²Theµdimensionµofµone³dimensionalµstateµvariablesµmustµnot¡XdependµonµtheµBLOCKFACTORµvariable.’D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-25¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³25¡þÉ²For´µeachµinternalµstateµvariableµdefinedµinµtheµGenericµCµcode¡þversionµofµtheµprimitiveµmodel,µcoinsµgeneratesµaµsequenceµofµcalls¡þZtoµtheµvgetµandµvsavµfunctionsµinµtheµCµlanguageµsourceµcode.¡þäYouµcanµtreatµtheµvariableµthatµappearsµinµtheµdeclarationµofµan¡þ-internalµstateµvariableµtheµsameµasµaµcommonµCµvariable.µThe¡þvfollowingµexampleµillustratesµtheµuseµofµinternalµstateµdeclarationsµin¡þ¾aµGenericµCµcodeµfile.¡þ3²ExampleµofµInternalµStateµDeclarationsµinµGenericµCµCode¡þ‚²INPUT_PORT(1)´µµregisterµSIGNALµ*Input;µ¡þ¶OUTPUT_PORT(1)µregisterµSIGNALµ*Output;¡þðSTATEµSIGNALµrsum;¡þ+BLOCKFACTORµlongµBlockFactor;¡þevoidµinit_M0_0_2_running_sum()µ¡þ™{¡þÍ³²Yrsum²µµ=µ0;¡þ}¡þ5voidµM0_0_2_running_sum()¡þi{¡þ³LOOP(BlockFactor)¡þÐ³³rsumµ+=µ*Input++;¡þ³³*Output++µ=µ²rsum²;¡þ8³ENDLOOP¡þl}µ¡þô²The´µfollowingµisµtheµcorrespondingµCOSSAPµmodelµCµsourceµcode.¡,^² #include´µ"c2f77defs.h"¡,Œ#defineµIVERµ6¡,º#defineµIREVµ6¡,çtypedefµfloatµSIGNAL;¡,	voidµM0_0_2_running_sumµ(iparam,µrparam)¡,	Ilongµ*iparam;¡,	wfloatµ*rparam;¡,	¤{¡,	Ò³...¡,
³²=/*µstateµdeclarationsµ*/¡,
.² ³²=SIGNALµrsum;¡,
[² ³...¡,
‰³switchµ(init)¡,
½³{¡,
ë³³caseµ1:¡,³³³SetVersion;’‚D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-26¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³26¡,½² ³³³SetRevision;¡,ê³³³/*´µsetµinputµschedulingµconditionsµ*/¡,³³³SetInputSchedule(1)µ=µ1;¡,F³³³/*µinitializationµcodeµ*/¡,s³³³{¡,¡³³³³²=rsumµµ=µ0;¡,Ï² ³³³}¡,ü³³³/*µsaveµallµstatesµ*/¡,*³³³ccg_savearea++;¡,X³³³ccg_lenµ=µ1;¡,…³vsav(&mseqn,µ²=&rsum² ,µ&ccg_len,µ&ccg_savearea,µ&ccg_istat);¡,³³³³ExitOnError(-ccg_istat);¡,á³³³return;¡,³³caseµ2:¡,<³³³/*µinquireµnumberµofµdataµitemsµatµinputµportsµ*/¡,j³³³/*µ1.µinputµportµ*/¡,—³³³rbchk(µInPort(1),µ&ccg_npast,µ&ccg_nfut,µ&ccg_istat);¡,Å³³³ExitOnError(-ccg_istat);¡,ó³³³BlockFactorµ=µccg_nfut;¡,!³³³ifµ(µBlockFactorµ<µ1µ)µµµµreturn;¡,N³³³/*µgetµallµstatesµ*/¡,|³³³/*µgetµ1.µstateµ*/¡,ª³³³ccg_savearea++;¡,×³vget(&mseqn,µ²=&rsum² ,µ&ccg_len,µ&ccg_savearea,µ&ccg_istat);¡,³³³...¡,3³³³/*µsignalµprocessingµcodeµ*/¡,`³³³{¡,Ž³³³³registerµlongµccg_lp0;¡,¼³³³³³for(ccg_lp0=BlockFactor;µccg_lp0--µ>>µ0;)¡,é³³³³³{¡,³³³³³³²=rsum² µ+=µ*Input++;¡,E³³³³³³*Output++µ=µrsum;¡,r³³³³³}¡, ³³³}¡,Î³³³/*µwriteµcomputedµdataµitemsµtoµoutputµportsµ*/¡,û³³³/*µ1.µoutputµportµ*/¡,)³³³ccg_lenµ=µBlockFactor;¡,W³³³rbwr(OutPort(1),ccg_Output,µ&ccg_len,µ&ccg_istat);¡,„³³³ExitOnError(-ccg_istat);¡,²³³³/*µsaveµallµstatesµ*/¡,à³³³ccg_saveareaµ=µ0;¡,	³³³/*µsaveµ1.µstateµ*/¡,	;³³³ccg_savearea++;¡,	i³³³ccg_lenµ=µ1;¡,	–³vsav(&mseqn,µ²=&rsum² ,µ&ccg_len,µ&ccg_savearea,µ&ccg_istat);¡,	Ä³³³ExitOnError(-ccg_istat);¡,	ò³³³return;¡,
³³caseµ3:¡,
M³³³return;¡,
{³}¡,
©}’‚D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-27¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³27¡þÏ²
Constant´µDeclarationµ(CONSTµKeywords)¡þi²The´µsyntaxµforµdeclaringµconstantµvariablesµinµtheµdeclaration¡þ±sectionµis¡þ/²CONST´µ²type²µ²identifier²µ=µ²expression²;¡þÇ²type²´µmayµbeµint,µlong,µorµfloat.µ²identifier²µisµaµC³languageµidentifier.¡þ²expression²µisµaµCµexpressionµandµmayµdependµonµ#define,¡þYPARAMETER,µCONST,µand/orµLENGTHµdeclarations.¡þöCONSTµdeclarationsµmustµnotµbeµmodifiedµbyµtheµmodelµcode,µand¡þ?theyµmustµnotµdependµonµSTATEµvariables.µCONSTµdeclarations¡þ‡areµonlyµvalidµwithµinitialization.¡þ%ExamplesµofµCONSTµdeclarationsµare¡þ¢²CONST´µfloatµpiµ=µ3.1415596;µ¡þÖCONSTµlongµboundµ=µ2*num_coeff;¡þ­²
Declaring´µtheµBlockµFactorµ(BLOCKFACTORµKeyword)¡þG²The´µsyntaxµforµtheµdeclarationµofµtheµlocalµblockµfactorµofµaµDSP¡þmodelµis¡þ	²BLOCKFACTOR³long³²name²;¡þ	²BLOCKFACTORµisµtheµkeywordµthatµstartsµaµblockµfactor¡þ	ædeclaration.µYouµcanµincludeµonlyµoneµblockµfactorµdeclarationµinµthe¡þ
.GenericµCµcodeµversionµofµaµprimitiveµmodel.¡þ
Ì²BlockFactor²µisµaµlong"µtypeµvariableµthatµscalesµtheµinput/output¡þratesµofµtheµprimitiveµmodel.’§D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-28¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³28¡þÉ²At´µeachµactivation,µaµprimitiveµmodelµreadsµsignalµelementsµfromµits¡þinputµportsµandµwritesµsignalµelementsµtoµitsµoutputµports.µIfµyouµare¡þZusingµcoinsµtoµgenerateµtheµCµlanguageµsourceµcodeµforµaµnew¡þ£primitiveµmodel,µtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµreadµfromµtheµinput¡þìportsµandµwrittenµtoµtheµoutputµportsµmustµbeµanµintegerµmultipleµof¡þ4theµratesµdefinedµinµitsµmodelµdefinitionµfileµ(youµcanµvaryµthis¡þ}multiple).¡þ Forµexample,µaµmodelµmightµhaveµtwoµinputµportsµandµoneµoutput¡þhport.µInµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfile,µtheµrateµforµtheµfirstµinputµportµisµ1,¡þ±forµtheµsecondµinputµportµisµ3,µandµforµtheµoutputµportµisµ2.µTable 4³3¡þúshowsµtheµacceptableµbehaviorµofµtheµprimitiveµmodel,µwhereµ²B²µis¡þBtheµblockµfactor.¡,ô²Table 4³3³RatesµinµModelµDefinitionµFile¡þd²¥	öä¡Œ²Port²¡Ëd¥	öä¡èŒ²Behaviors²¡pd¡þÜ¥	öä¡ü²1st´µinputÁã¡ÃÄþ¸Ê¸Ê¹þ¹þ¸Ç²¡ËÜ¥	öä¡èü²1¡(ü2¡‚ü4¡àü10¡ªüBx1¡ÃÄË¸q¸q¹Ë¹Ë¸Ç²¡pÜ¡þD¥	öä¡d²2ndµinput²¡ËD¥	öä¡èd²3¡(d6¡hd12¡àd30¡ªdBx3²¡pD¡þ¬¥	öä¡Ì²output²¡Ë¬¥	öä¡èÌ²2¡(Ì4¡‚Ì8¡àÌ20¡ªÌBx2²¡p¬¡þX²Write´µtheµsignalµprocessingµcodeµinµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµa¡þ¡primitiveµmodel.µThisµway,µcoinsµcanµprocessµmoreµthanµoneµsignal¡þêelementµatµitsµbasicµinputµandµoutputµrate,µusingµintegerµmultiplesµof¡þ	2theµbasicµrate.µToµachieveµthis,µdefineµaµblockµfactorµvariableµand¡þ	{useµitµinµtheµsignalµprocessingµcodeµsection.’§KD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-29¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³29¡þÉ²If´µtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµaµprimitiveµmodelµcontainsµaµblock¡þfactorµdeclaration,µcoinsµusesµtheµrateµinformationµappearingµinµthe¡þZmodelµdefinitionµfileµasµtheµbasicµinputµandµoutputµrate.µcoinsµthen¡þ£generatesµaµCµlanguageµsourceµcodeµversionµthatµcanµhandle¡þìintegerµmultiplesµofµtheµbasicµrate.µcoinsµgeneratesµcodeµtoµcompute¡þ4theµexactµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµconsumedµandµproducedµat¡þ}eachµactivationµofµtheµprimitiveµmodel.µTheseµareµaµfunctionµofµthe¡þÆnumberµofµsignalµelementsµavailableµatµtheµinputµports,µandµtheµbasic¡þinputµandµoutputµratesµasµdefinedµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfile.µInµthe¡þWsimplestµcase,µtheµsignalµprocessingµcodeµformsµtheµbodyµofµaµloop,¡þ andµtheµblockµfactorµcontrolsµtheµloopµiterationµcounter.¡þBTheµfollowingµexampleµshowsµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµthe¡þ‹normalµprocessingµfunctionµforµaµprimitiveµmodel,µandµtheµcodeµthat¡þÓcoinsµgeneratesµforµtheµblockµfactorµdeclaration.’K$D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-30¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³30¡þÉ²Example´µofµaµBlockµFactorµDeclaration¡þ²...¡þNINPUT_PORT(1)´µµregisterµSIGNALµ*Input;¡þ‚OUTPUT_PORT(1)µregisterµSIGNALµ*Output;¡þ½PARAMETER(1)µintµNumberOfItems;¡þøBLOCKFACTORµlongµBlockFactor;¡þ3voidµM0_0_2_intdmp()µ¡þg{¡þ›³LOOP(²BlockFactor²)¡þÏ³³*Outputµ=µ*Input++;¡þ³³LOOP(NumberOfItems-1)¡þ7³³³*Outputµ+=µ*Input++;¡þk³³ENDLOOP¡þž³³*Output++µ/=µNumberOfItems;¡þÒ³ENDLOOP¡þ}¡þÉ²COSSAP´µModelµCµSourceµCode¡,² void´µM0_0_2_intdmpµ(iparam,µrparam)¡,9longµ*iparam;µ¡,ffloatµ*rparam;¡,”{¡,Â³longµccg_npast,µccg_nfut,µccg_istat;¡,ï³longµccg_posµ=µ0,µccg_lenµ=µ0;¡,³²=longµBlockFactor;¡,R² ³/*µportµdeclarationµ*/¡,€³...¡,­³switchµ(init)¡,Û³{¡,	³³caseµ1:¡,6³³³...¡,d³³³SetVersion;¡,’³³³SetRevision;¡,¿³³³/*µsetµschedulingµratesµ*/¡,í³³³SetInputSchedule(1)µ=µNumberOfItems;¡,	³³³return;¡,	H³³caseµ2:¡,	v³³³/*µringbufferµcheckµ*/¡,	¤³³³rbchk(µInPort(1),µ&ccg_npast,µ&ccg_nfut,µ&ccg_istat);¡,	Ñ³³³...¡,	ÿ³³³²=BlockFactor² µ=µccg_nfut/(NumberOfItems);¡,
-³³³ifµ(²=BlockFactor² µ<µ1µ)µµreturn;¡,
b³³³/*µreadµinputµsignalsµ*/¡,
³³³ccg_lenµ=µ(NumberOfItems)²=*BlockFactor;¡,
½² ³³³ChkScratchPadSize(ccg_pos+ccg_len);¡,
ë³³³Inputµ=µ&rh[ccg_pos];¡,³³³rbrd(µInPort(1),µInput,µ&ccg_len,µ&ccg_istat);’$HD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-31¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³31¡,½² ³³³ExitOnError(-ccg_istat);¡,ê³³³/*´µprepareµscratchµareaµforµoutputµsignalsµ*/¡,³³³ccg_posµ+=µccg_len;¡,F³³³ccg_lenµ=µ²=BlockFactor² ;¡,s³³³ChkScratchPadSize(ccg_pos+ccg_len);¡,¡³³³Outputµ=µccg_Outputµ=µ&rh[ccg_pos];¡,Ï³³³/*µsignalµprocessingµcodeµ*/¡,ü³³³{¡,*³³³³registerµlongµccg_lp0;¡,X³³³³registerµlongµccg_lp1;¡,…³³³³for(ccg_lp0=BlockFactor;µccg_lp0--µ>>µ0;)¡,³³³³³{¡,á³³³³³*Outputµ=µ*Input++;¡,³³³³³for(ccg_lp1=NumberOfItems-1;µccg_lp1--µ>>µ0;)¡,<³³³³³{¡,j³³³³³³*Outputµ+=µ*Input++;¡,—³³³³³}¡,Å³³³³³*Output++µ/=µNumberOfItems;¡,ó³³³³}¡,!³³³}¡,N¡,|¡,ª³³³/*µwriteµoutputµsignalsµ*/¡,×³³³ccg_lenµ=µ²=BlockFactor² ;¡,³³³rbwr(OutPort(1),ccg_Output,µ&ccg_len,µ&ccg_istat);¡,3³³³ExitOnError(-ccg_istat);¡,`³³³return;¡,Ž³³caseµ3:¡,¼³³³return;¡,é³³}¡,}¡þ¥²In´µtheµaboveµexample,µcoinsµfirstµchecksµtheµnumberµofµavailable¡þîsignalµelementsµatµtheµfirstµinputµport.µThen,µbasedµonµtheµbasic¡þ6inputµrateµ(whichµinµthisµexampleµisµNumber_Of_Items),µcoins¡þcomputesµtheµblockµfactorµandµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµto¡þÈreadµfromµtheµfirstµinputµport.¡þ	]Next,µcoinsµpartitionsµtheµscratchµpad.µTheµpartitioningµisµperformed¡þ	¥onµtheµflyµandµadaptsµtoµtheµnumberµsignalµelementsµthatµcoins¡þ	îreads.µSoµit,µtoo,µisµaµfunctionµofµtheµblockµfactor.¡þ
ƒTheµblockµfactorµalsoµcontrolsµtheµnumberµofµiterationsµaroundµthe¡þ
Ìsignalµprocessingµcode,µwhichµwasµprogrammedµinµtheµGenericµC¡þcodeµinµsuchµaµwayµthatµitµcouldµhandleµtheµbasicµrate.’H;D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-32¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³32¡þÏ²
Functional´µCode¡þn²The´µfunctionalµcodeµofµaµprimitiveµmodelµcanµcontainµplainµCµcode,¡þ¶assemblyµfunctionµcalls,µorµinlineµassemblyµfunctions.¡þYTable 4³4µsummarizesµtheµconstructsµinµtheµfunctionalµcodeµsection¡þ¢ofµtheµ.gcµfile.µThereµcanµbeµthreeµdifferentµparts,µoneµforµeachµphase¡þêofµoperation.¡,œ²Table 4³4³ConstructsµinµtheµFunctionalµCodeµSectionµofµtheµ.gcµFile¡þ²¥	öä¡0²Declaration²¡¢¥	öä¡¿0²Keyword(s)²¡ž¡þ|¥	öä¡ ²initializationÁã¡ÃÄþX¡X¡[þ[þXÇ²¡¢|¥	öä¡¿ ²this´µcodeµsectionµisµoptionalµandµisµidentified¡¿Öbyµinit_²>function_name¡ÃÄ¢X¡X¡[¢[¢XÇ²¡ž|¡þ¥	öä¡8²signalµprocessing²¡¢¥	öä¡¿8²thisµcodeµsectionµisµrequiredµandµisµidentified¡¿nbyµ²}function_name²¡ž¡þ¬¥	öä¡Ð²post³processing²¡¢¬¥	öä¡¿Ð²thisµcodeµsectionµisµoptionalµandµisµidentified¡¿byµpost_²>function_name²¡ž¬¡þ‰²Only´µtheµsignalµprocessingµcodeµpartµisµrequired.µOftenµthe¡þÑinitializationµandµpost³processingµcodeµareµnotµnecessary.¡þtTheµfollowingµsectionsµdescribeµhowµtoµidentifyµtheµcodeµfor¡þ¼initialization,µsignalµprocessing,µandµpost³processingµ.µForµmost¡þ	primitiveµmodels,µyouµneedµtoµwriteµonlyµtheµcodeµforµtheµsignal¡þ	Nprocessingµsection.’;‹D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-33¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³33¡þÏ²
Initialization¡þU²This´µisµtheµfirstµphase.µEachµprimitiveµmodelµcanµbeµactivatedµno¡þžmoreµthanµonceµinµthisµphase,µdependingµonµtheµexistenceµof¡þæinitializationµcode.µAµprimitiveµmodelµmustµnotµmanipulateµitsµinputµor¡þ/outputµsignals,µbutµcanµdoµtheµfollowing:¡þ£²S¡X£²Initializeµitsµinternalµstate.¡þ
²S¡X
²Readµinputµdataµdatasetsµ(suchµasµtransferµfunctionsµandµsignal¡XQpulses).¡þÎTheµsyntaxµofµtheµinitializationµcodeµis¡þ>²void³init_²function_name²()³{´µ}¡þÆ²function_name²´µisµtheµfunctionµnameµdeclaredµinµthe¡þIMPLEMENTATIONµkeywordµofµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfileµ(see¡þWChapterµ3).¡þáTheµinitializationµcodeµisµprocessedµonlyµonceµinµtheµgenerated¡þ*program.µItµcontainsµinstructionsµthatµshouldµbeµprocessedµfirst,µsuch¡þsasµforµopeningµfiles,µprocessingµdataµtables,µandµmanipulating¡þ»coefficients.¡þEInµtheµStreamµDrivenµSimulatorµ(SDS),µifµtheµvalueµofµtheµ²init²¡þŽvariableµisµ1,µtheµcodeµthatµcorrespondsµtoµtheµinitializationµfunction¡þ×inµtheµGenericµCµcodeµisµexecuted.µInµadditionµtoµtheµcodeµthatµyou¡þ	wrote,µcoinsµinsertsµtwoµmacrosµthatµsetµtheµcurrentµversionµand¡þ	hrevisionµnumberµofµtheµprimitiveµmodel.µcoinsµalsoµinsertsµoneµlineµof¡þ	°codeµforµeachµinputµport,µwhichµsetsµtheµschedulingµconditionµatµthat¡þ	ùportµtoµtheµappropriateµvalue.¡þ
ƒTheµfollowingµexampleµshowsµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµthe¡þ
Ìinitializationµfunctionµforµaµprimitiveµmodelµandµtheµcorresponding¡þcodeµinµtheµCµlanguageµsourceµcodeµversion.’‹ED“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-34¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³34¡þÉ²Example´µofµtheµInitializationµFunction¡þuInitialization¡,¹² #include´µ"math.h"¡,æ#defineµM0_0_2_COS_GEN_TBL__2PIµ6.28318530717958867692¡,¡,BOUTPUT_PORT(1)µregisterµfloatµ*Output;¡,oPARAMETERµ(1)µintµNumberOfItems;¡,PARAMETERµ(2)µintµNumberOfPeriods;¡,ËPARAMETERµ(3)µfloatµAmplitude;¡,ù¡,&STATEµfloatµtable[NumberOfItems];¡,T¡,‚BLOCKFACTORµlongµBlockFactor;¡,¯¡,Ývoidµ²^init² _M0_0_2_cos_gen_tbl()¡,{µµ/*µinitializeµcosine-tableµ*/¡,8µregisterµintµi;¡,f¡,”³forµ(i=0;i<<NumberOfItems;i++)¡,Á³³table[i]µ=µAmplitude¡,ï*cos(NumberOfPeriods*i*M0_0_2_COS_GEN_TBL_2PI/NumberOfItems);¡,}¡þç²C´µSourceµCodeµforµCOSSAPµModel¡,,² #include´µ"c2f77defs.h"¡,Y#defineµIVERµ6¡,‡#defineµIREVµ5¡,µ¡,âtypedefµfloatµSIGNAL;¡,¡,>#includeµ"math.h"µ¡,k¡,™#defineµM0_0_2_COS_GEN_TBL__2PIµ6.28318530717958867692¡,Ç¡,ôvoidµM0_0_2_cos_gen_tblµ(iparam,µrparam)¡,	"longµ*iparam;¡,	Pfloatµ*rparam;¡,	}{¡,	«µlongµccg_npast,µccg_nfut,µccg_istat,µccg_saveareaµ=µ0;¡,	Ùµlongµccg_posµ=µ0,µccg_lenµ=µ0;¡,
µlongµBlockFactor;¡,
4¡,
bµ/*µportµdeclarationµ*/¡,
µ/*µ1.µoutportµ*/µµfloatµ*Output;¡,
½µfloatµ*ccg_Output;¡,
ëµlongµccg_outrate_Outputµ=µ1;¡,’E=D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-35¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³35¡,½² ´µ/*µparameterµdeclarationµ*/¡,êµ/*µ1.µparameterµ*/¡,µlongµNumberOfItems;¡,Fµ/*µ2.µparameterµ*/¡,sµlongµNumberOfPeriods;¡,¡µ/*µ3.µparameterµ*/¡,ÏµfloatµAmplitude;¡,ü¡,*µ/*µstateµdeclarationµ*/¡,Xµfloatµ*table;¡,…¡,³#includeµ"lclpar.h"¡,á#includeµ"scrtch.h"µ¡,#includeµ"modsrc.h"¡,<¡,jµ/*µgetµparametersµ*/¡,—µNumberOfItemsµµµ=µGetParameter_I(1);¡,ÅµNumberOfPeriodsµ=µGetParameter_I(2);¡,óµAmplitudeµµµµµµµ=µGetParameter_R(3);¡,!µswitchµ(²^init² )¡,Nµ{¡,|²^µµcaseµ1² :¡,ª³³SetVersion;¡,×³³SetRevision;¡,³³/*µmapµallµstatepointersµtoµscratchareasµ*/¡,3³³ccg_lenµ=µNumberOfItemsµ;¡,`³³tableµ=µ&rh[ccg_pos];¡,Ž³³ccg_posµ+=µccg_len;¡,¼³³/*µinitializationµcodeµ*/¡,é³³²={¡,³³³/*µinitializeµcosine-tableµ*/¡,E³³³registerµlongµi;¡,r³³³forµ(i=0;i<<NumberOfItems;i++)¡, ³³³³table[i]µ=µAmplitude¡,Î*cos(NumberOfPeriods*i*M0_0_2_COS_GEN_TBL_2PI/NumberOfItems);¡,û}¡,)² ³³³/*µsaveµallµstatesµ*/¡,W³³³ccg_savearea++;¡,„³³³ccg_lenµ=µNumberOfItemsµ;¡,²³³µvsav(&mseqn,µtable,µ&ccg_len,µ&ccg_savearea,µ&ccg_istat);¡,à³³³ExitOnError(-ccg_istat);¡,	³³³return;¡,	;³³caseµ2:¡,	i³³³...¡,	–³}¡,	Ä}¡þ
ƒ²If´µyouµdefinedµaµstateµinµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµtheµprimitive¡þ
Ìmodel,µcoinsµalsoµinsertsµtheµnecessaryµcallsµtoµ²Evsav²µtoµsaveµthe¡þinitialµstateµinformation.’=ÆD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-36¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³36¡þÏ²
Signal´µProcessing¡þQ²During´µthisµphase,µaµprimitiveµmodelµisµactivatedµaccordingµtoµthe¡þšscheduleµthatµtheµDCGµcomputes.µThatµis,µtheµnumberµofµtimesµthat¡þâaµprimitiveµmodelµisµactivatedµduringµthisµphaseµdependsµonµthe¡þ+particularµconfiguration.¡þ°InµtheµSDS,µifµtheµvalueµofµtheµ²init²µvariableµisµ2,µtheµcode¡þùcorrespondingµtoµtheµnormalµprocessingµfunctionµinµtheµGenericµC¡þBcodeµexecutes.µInµaddition,µcoinsµtypicallyµinsertsµcodeµthat¡þ³²S¡X³²Retrievesµtheµvalueµassignedµtoµparameters¡þ²S¡X²Checksµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµatµeachµinputµport¡þ}²S¡X}²Determinesµhowµmanyµsignalµelementsµtoµprocess¡þâ²S¡Xâ²Partitionsµtheµscratchµpadµareaµaccordingly¡þG²S¡XG²Readsµtheµsignalµelementsµfromµtheµinputµports¡þ­²S¡X­²Writesµtheµcomputedµsignalµelementsµtoµtheµoutputµports.¡þ&Aµprimitiveµmodelµmustµnotµaccessµsignalµelementsµfromµitsµoutput¡þoportsµforµcomputations,µbutµcanµdoµtheµfollowing:¡þà²S¡Xà²Accessµsignalµelementsµfromµitsµinputµportsµforµcomputations¡þE²S¡XE²Updateµitsµinternalµstate¡þª²S¡Xª²Assignµnewµvaluesµtoµtheµsignalµelementsµofµitsµoutputµports.¡þ	$Withµeachµactivation,µaµmodelµmustµdoµtheµfollowing:¡þ	•²S¡X	•²Consumeµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµfromµitsµinputµportsµthat¡X	Ûitsµinputµratesµspecify,µorµtheµintegerµmultipleµthereof,µifµaµlocal¡X
"blockµfactorµisµprovided¡þ
‡²S¡X
‡²Produceµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµatµitsµoutputµportsµthatµits¡X
Îoutputµratesµspecify,µorµtheµintegerµmultipleµthereof,µifµaµlocal¡Xblockµfactorµisµprovided.’Æ>D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-37¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³37¡þÉ²The´µsyntaxµofµtheµsignalµprocessingµcodeµis¡þ\²void³²function_name²()³{´µ}¡XÒ²function_name²´µisµtheµfunctionµnameµdeclaredµinµthe¡XIMPLEMENTATIONµkeywordµofµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfileµ(see¡X_Chapterµ3).¡þcoinsµconvertsµthisµfunctionµtoµtheµ(²init²µ=µ2)µphaseµofµtheµsource¡þbcodeµforµtheµCOSSAPµStreamµDrivenµSimulator.¡þTheµvariablesµdeclaredµasµinputµports,µoutputµports,µandµstatesµcan¡þfbeµtreatedµasµCµpointers,µsoµthatµtheµfollowingµoperation¡þù²*Input1++¡þ¡²isµallowedµifµitµwasµdeclaredµas¡þ4²INPUT_PORT(1)³*Input1;¡þÐ²Similarly,µstateµarraysµorµstateµvariablesµcanµbeµtreatedµasµcommon¡þCµvariables,µsoµthatµtheµfollowingµoperation¡þ¬²sum++¡þ	T²isµallowedµifµitµwasµdeclaredµas¡þ	ç²STATE³float³sum;¡þ
ƒ²TheµfollowingµexampleµshowsµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµthe¡þ
ÌprocessingµfunctionµforµaµprimitiveµmodelµandµtheµcorrespondingµC¡þlanguageµsourceµcode.’>D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-38¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³38¡þÉ²Example´µofµtheµProcessingµFunction¡þzSignalµProcessing¡þÅ²/*´µAddµsignalµtoµscalar,µbasicµCµdataµtypesµµ*/¡þù/*µ14-jan-92,µF.Gerbig/G.Grundke,µcreationµµ*/¡þ6INPUT_PORT(1)µµregisterµSIGNALµ*Input;¡þiOUTPUT_PORT(1)µregisterµSIGNALµ*Output;¡þ¦PARAMETER(1)µSIGNALµScalar;¡þãBLOCKFACTORµintµBlockFactor;¡þ voidµM0_0_2_adds()¡þT²{¡þˆ³LOOP(BlockFactor)¡þ¼³*Output++µ=µ*Input++µ+µScalar;¡þï³ENDLOOP¡þ#}¡þù²COSSAP´µModelµCµSourceµCode¡,>² void´µM0_0_2_adds(iparam,µrparam)¡,llongµ*iparam;¡,šfloatµ*rparam;¡,Ç{¡,õ³...¡,#³/*µgetµparametersµ*/¡,P³Scalarµ=µGetParameter_R(1);¡,~³...¡,¬³switchµ(²=init² )¡,Ù³³caseµ1:¡,³³³...¡,5³³²=caseµ2:¡,b² ³³³/*µringbufferµcheckµ*/¡,³³³rbchk(InPort(1),µ&ccg_npast,µ&ccg_nfut,µ&ccg_istat);¡,¾³³³...¡,ë³³³Inputµ=µ&rh[ccg_pos];¡,	³³³/*µreadµinputµsignalµelementsµfromµfirstµinputµportµ*/¡,	G³³³rbrd(µInPort(1),µInput,µ&ccg_len,µ&ccg_istat);¡,	t³³³...¡,	«³³/*µsignalµprocessingµcodeµ*/¡,	Ù³³³{¡,
³³³³registerµlongµccg_lp0;¡,
4³³³³²=for(ccg_lp0=BlockFactor;µccg_lp0--µ>><N>0;)¡,
b³³³³{¡,
³³³³³*Output++µ=µ*Input++µ+µScalar;¡,
½³³³³}¡,
ë² ³³³}¡,’ûD“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-39¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³39¡,½² ³³³/*´µwriteµoutputµsignalµelementsµtoµfirstµoutputµportµ*/¡,ê³³³rbwr(OutPort(1),ccg_Output,µ&ccg_len,µ&ccg_istat);¡,³³³...¡,F³³³return;¡,s¡,¡³³caseµ3:¡,Ï³³³...;¡,ü³}¡,*}¡þ¯²If´µyouµdefinedµaµstateµinµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµtheµprimitive¡þømodel,µcoinsµalsoµinsertsµtheµnecessaryµcallsµtoµvsavµandµvgetµto¡þAsaveµandµrestoreµtheµstateµinformation.¡þñ²
Generic´µLoops¡þr²The´µsyntaxµforµdeclaringµtheµgenericµloopµinµtheµGenericµCµcode¡þºversionµofµaµprimitiveµmodelµis¡þ&²LOOP(²expression²)¡þZ³²loop´µbody²¡þŽENDLOOP¡þ²The´µLOOP(expression)µandµENDLOOPµkeywordsµdeclareµthe¡þbgenericµloops.¡þæForµeachµgenericµloopµinµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµaµmodel,¡þ.coinsµgeneratesµaµfor²	´µ²{}"¶loop¶around¶the¶body¶of¶the¶loop.¡þ²The¶DCG¶maps¶the¶generic¶loop¶construct¶onto¶the¶C¶loop¶structure¡þûthat¶the¶target¶DSP¶best¶supports.¶The¶loop¶body¶can¶be¶unfolded¡þ	Cpartially¶or¶totally.¡X	³The¶expression¶argument¶in¶the¶LOOP¶declaration¶determines¡X	úthe¶number¶of¶loop¶iterations.¶This¶expression¶can¶depend¶only¡X
Aon¶constant¶values,¶model¶parameters,¶and¶the¶block¶factor.¡X
‡Currently,¶no¶other¶variables¶are¶allowed¶in¶the¶expression,¶even¡X
Îif¶they¶depend¶only¶on¶model¶parameters,¶constants,¶or¶the¡Xblock¶factor.¶You¶can¶arbitrarily¶nest¶generic¶loops.’û;D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-40¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³40¡þÉ²If´µyouµdeclareµtheµBlockFactorµvariableµasµtheµblockµfactor,µand¡þFFTLengthµandµNumberOfCoefficientsµasµmodelµparameters,µthen¡þZtheµfollowingµgenericµloopµconstructsµareµvalid:¡þê²LOOP(FFTLength*2)¡þ³...¡þQENDLOOP¡þLOOP(BlockFactor)¡þÄ³...¡þøLOOP(FFTLength*NumberOfCoefficients)¡þ,³...¡þ`ENDLOOP¡þ”³...¡þÈENDLOOP¡þ.²TheµsourceµcodeµforµtheµCOSSAPµStreamµDrivenµSimulatorµfiles¡þvthatµcoinsµcreatesµfromµaµgenericµCµcode,µcontainsµaµforµ{µ}"¡þ¿structureµinµplaceµofµtheµgenericµLOOP/ENDLOOPµconstruct.¡þuTheµfollowingµexampleµshowsµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµthe¡þ¾normalµprocessingµfunctionµforµaµprimitiveµmodelµandµtheµcodeµthat¡þcoinsµgeneratesµforµtheµgenericµloop.¡þ˜²ExampleµofµtheµProcessingµFunctionµforµaµGenericµLoop¡þaGenericµLoopµDeclarations¡þ°²/*´µAddµsignalµtoµscalar,µbasicµCµdataµtypesµ*/¡þä/*µ14-jan-92,µF.Gerbig/G.Grundke,µcreationµ*/¡þ	"INPUT_PORT(1)µµregisterµSIGNALµ*Input;¡þ	VOUTPUT_PORT(1)µregisterµSIGNALµ*Output;¡þ	•PARAMETER(1)µSIGNALµScalar;¡þ	ÔBLOCKFACTORµintµBlockFactor;¡þ
voidµM0_0_2_init_adds()¡þ
G{¡þ
{³²LOOP(BlockFactor)¡þ
¯²³*Output++µ=µ*Input++µ+µScalar;¡þ
â³²ENDLOOP¡þ²}’;¥D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-41¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³41¡þÉ²COSSAP´µModelµCµSourceµCode¡þ²...¡þI/*´µsignalµprocessingµcodeµ*/¡þ}{¡þ±³registerµlongµccg_lp0;¡þå³²for(ccg_lp0=BlockFactor;µccg_lp0--µ>µ0;)¡þ²³³{¡þM³³³*Output++µ=µ*Input++µ+µScalar;¡þ³³}¡þ´}¡þè...¡þÂ²
Post³Processing¡þg²If´µyouµareµexecutingµonlyµaµlimitedµnumberµofµscheduleµcycles,µthisµis¡þ°theµlastµphaseµinµtheµDSPµoperation.µEachµprimitiveµmodelµcanµbe¡þùactivatedµnoµmoreµthanµonceµinµthisµphase,µdependingµonµwhether¡þAtheµmodelµincludesµpost³processingµcode.µMostµprimitiveµmodelsµdo¡þŠnotµperformµprocessingµinµthisµphaseµratherµtheyµperformµfunctions¡þÓsuchµasµclosingµfiles.¡þ{Aµprimitiveµmodelµmustµnotµmanipulateµitsµinputµorµoutputµports,µbut¡þÄcanµrestoreµitsµinternalµstateµandµprocessµaccumulatedµdata.µThe¡þsyntaxµofµtheµpost³processingµcodeµis¡þ’²void³post_²function_name²()³{´µ}¡X	²function_name²´µisµtheµfunctionµnameµdeclaredµinµthe¡X	MIMPLEMENTATIONµkeywordµofµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfileµ(see¡X	”Chapterµ3).¡þ
:InµtheµSDS,µifµtheµvalueµofµtheµ²init²´µ²variable´µisµ3,µtheµcode¡þ
ƒcorrespondingµtoµtheµpost³processingµfunctionµinµtheµGenericµCµcode¡þ
Ìisµexecuted.µcoinsµinsertsµonlyµtheµcodeµthatµyouµwroteµandµaµreturn¡þstatementµintoµthisµsectionµofµtheµcode.’¥{D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-42¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡.4³42¡þÉ²The´µexampleµbelowµshowsµtheµGenericµCµcodeµversionµofµthe¡þpost³processingµfunctionµforµaµprimitiveµmodelµandµthe¡þZcorrespondingµcodeµinµtheµCµlanguageµsourceµcodeµversion.¡þß²ExampleµofµtheµPost-ProcessingµFunction¡þ‘Post³Processing¡þÜ²void´µpost_mymodel()¡þ{¡þD³²/*µpost-processingµcodeµfollowsµhereµ...µ*/¡þx³...¡þ«²}¡þ‚²COSSAP´µModelµCµSourceµCode¡þÎ²void´µM0_0_2_mymodel(iparam,µrparam)¡þlongµ*iparam;¡þ5floatµ*rparam;¡þi{¡þ³...¡þÑ³/*µgetµparametersµ*/¡þ³³...¡þ9³switchµ(²init²)¡þm³³caseµ1:¡þ¡³³³...¡þÕ³³caseµ2:¡þ³³³...¡þE³caseµ3:¡þy³³²/*µpost-processingµcodeµfollowsµhereµ...µ*/¡þ­³³...¡þá²³³µreturn;¡þ	³}¡þ	I}’{²D“I501ileaf_page_string1:4-43¥	öä¥	öä¡¬Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµDCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤4³43¡þÏ²
Local´µScopeµAutoµVariablesµ(SCRATCHµKeyword)¡þi²Any´µoneµofµtheµthreeµsectionsµofµtheµfunctionalµcodeµofµaµprimitive¡þ²modelµcanµincludeµlocalµscopeµautoµvariablesµ(scalar)µorµlocalµscope¡þúautoµarrays.¡þ˜Autoµvariablesµareµdeclaredµasµfollows:¡þ²float´µsumµ=µ0;¡þJregisterµintµcountµ=µ0;¡þ~intµarray[4];¡þ²The´µkeywordµSCRATCHµallowsµforµspecifyingµparameter³dependent¡þ_lengthµarraysµwithinµtheµfunctionµcode.µTheµsyntaxµforµdeclaringµa¡þ¨scratchµarrayµis¡þ&²SCRATCH´µ²type²µ²name²[²expression²];¡þ¶²The´µSCRATCHµkeywordµisµfollowedµbyµaµCµdeclarationµwithµaµsize¡þþexpressionµthatµcanµdependµonµ#define,µCONST,µLENGTH,µand¡þGPARAMETERµobjects.µAµscratchµarrayµcanµalsoµbeµdeclaredµthat¡þdependsµonlyµonµconstantµnumbers.µHowever,µinµthatµcase,µan¡þØordinaryµarrayµwouldµbeµsufficient.¡þvTheµfollowingµdataµtypesµareµsupported:¡þô²int¡þ	(long¡þ	\float¡þ	double¡þ
(²Examplesµofµscratchµarrayµdefinitionsµare¡þ
¦²SCRATCH´µfloatµtemp[2*clock-1];¡þ
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AfterµyouµhaveµusedµcoinsµtoµgenerateµtheµCµlanguageµsourceµcode¡þRforµtheµnewµprimitiveµmodel,µtheµremainingµstepsµareµidenticalµtoµthe¡þ›stepsµrequiredµforµaµmanuallyµcodedµCµlanguageµprimitiveµmodel:¡þ1.¡XIncludeµtheµIDµnumberµandµtheµnameµofµtheµnewµprimitiveµmodel¡X\inµtheµmodelµtableµfileµ(.mtbl).¡þÇ2.¡XÇUseµtheµpmvg²_²µutilityµtoµgenerateµtheµmodelµVHDLµentityµ(.v_ent)¡Xfile.¡þz3.¡XzUseµtheµcsymgen²_²µutilityµtoµgenerateµtheµBlockµDiagramµEditor¡XÀsymbolµ(.sym)µfile.¡þ,4.¡X,CompileµtheµCµlanguageµsourceµcodeµforµtheµnewµprimitive¡Xrmodel.¡þÞ5.¡XÞUseµtheµinsolbcµandµrepolbcµutilitiesµtoµinsertµtheµobjectµcodeµinto¡X	%theµobjectµlibraryµfile.¡þ	©Figure 4³1µillustratesµaµtypicalµdirectoryµstructureµforµmodel¡þ	òdevelopment.µInµthisµexample,µallµofµyourµnewµprimitiveµmodelsµare¡þ
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ððxx<<‡‡ÃÃááððxx<<‡‡ÃÃááá<<xxððááÃÃ‡‡<<xxððááÃÃ‡‡áîîÿÿ»»ÿÿîîÿÿ»»ÿÿîîÿÿ»»ÿÿîîÿÿ»»ÿÿá»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îî»»îîáªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUªªUUáDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDáDDDDDDDDá@@@@@@@@ááÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌáÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿáBB$$$$BBBB$$$$BBá€€@@  €€@@  áÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÉ<É ÉxÉ ÉÉdÉPÉ(É	ä’Eª&D“I501ileaf_page_string1:5-1¥	öä²â¡²¡Ï²¡ž²¥	öä¡³Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµSDS¡Ô¤ÿ¾5³1¡,m²²5â²¥	öä¡Õm²â¡,v²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµSDS¡ï²¥	öäÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÓÊÓÆÃ¡	öï¡þ¡This´µchapterµdescribesµtheµspecialµaspectsµofµprimitiveµmodels¡þéconcernedµwithµtheµCOSSAPµStreamµDrivenµSimulatorµ(SDS).µThe¡þ2chapterµcoversµtheµfollowingµtopics:¡þ¶²S¡X¶²Theµsimulationµmodel¡þ*²S¡X*²Theµmemoryµareasµusedµbyµaµprimitiveµmodel¡þž²S¡Xž²Theµstructureµofµaµprimitiveµmodel¡þ	/Theµprocedureµforµcreatingµaµprimitiveµmodelµinµgeneralµisµdescribed¡þ	xinµChapterµ1,µandµanµexampleµofµcreatingµaµprimitiveµmodelµforµthe¡þ	ÀCOSSAPµStreamµDrivenµSimulatorµisµgivenµinµAppendixµA.’&õD“I501ileaf_page_string1:5-2¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,,ö¡Ä,ö	cö¡Ä	cö	c¡Ä	c,ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþöÊöÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµSDS¡.5³2¡,Õ²Simulation´µModel¡þ~²This´µsectionµdescribesµtheµblockµdiagramµorientedµsimulationµmodel.¡þF²
Block´µDiagramµOrientedµSimulators¡þÔ²If´µtheµsimulatorµisµblock³oriented,µallµblocksµthatµareµdefinedµinµterms¡þofµlower³levelµblocksµareµautomaticallyµreplacedµbyµtheµrespective¡þelower³levelµblocks.µTheµsimulatorµrepeatedlyµappliesµthisµprocedure¡þ®toµtheµoriginalµhierarchicalµblockµdiagram,µuntilµitµgeneratesµaµflat¡þ÷blockµdiagram.¡,•²Figure 5³1³BlockµDiagram¡,ß²¥*ÁžÃÁÊË¡Äªœª4¡Äª4œ4¡Äœ4œœ¡ÄœœªœÆÃ²¡#{¤ÿœPMODEL1ÊËÃ¡Ä¡h-hÆÃÃÊË¡Äý[-h¡Ä-hýv¡Äývýh¡Äýhý[ãÇÆÃÃ¡ÄªVªî¡Äªîœî¡ÄœîœV¡ÄœVªVÆÃ¡#5¤ÿœPMODEL1ÊËÃ¡Ä¡"-"ÆÃÃÊË¡Äý-"¡Ä-"ý0¡Äý0ý"¡Äý"ýÇÆÃÃ¡Ä+V+3¡Ä+33¡Ä3V¡ÄV+VÆÃ¡¤Û¤ÿœPMODEL3ÊËÃ¡Ä"È®ÈÆÃÃÊË¡Ä~º®È¡Ä®È~Ö¡Ä~Ö~È¡Ä~È~ºÇÆÃÃ¡Ä®ø®¡Ä®Ÿ¡ÄŸŸø¡ÄŸø®øÆÃ¡'×¤ÿœPMODEL4ÊËÃ¡Ä¥Ä1ÄÆÃÃÊË¡Ä·1Ä¡Ä1ÄÒ¡ÄÒÄ¡ÄÄ·ÇÆÃÃ¡Ä/ú/’¡Ä/’ ’¡Ä ’ ú¡Ä ú/úÆÃ¡¨Ù¤ÿœPMODEL5¥	öä²¡Êß¡þ†²Ifµeveryµblockµinµtheµflatµblockµdiagramµhasµanµexecutableµpieceµof¡þÏsoftware,µtheµsingleµpiecesµofµsoftwareµareµcombinedµinµtheµorderµof¡þ	signalµflowµindicatedµbyµtheµflatµblockµdiagram,µtoµcreateµan¡þ	`executableµsimulation.¡þ	òSimulatorsµfollowingµthisµprincipleµareµcalledµ²blockµdiagram³oriented¡þ
:simulators².µOneµofµtheµmostµimportantµadvantagesµofµblockµdiagram¡þ
ƒorientationµisµthatµtoµextendµtheµfunctionalityµofµtheµsimulator,µyou¡þ
Ìneedµonlyµtoµincorporateµnewµpiecesµofµsoftwareµintoµtheµbasic¡þsoftwareµframework.’õD“I501ileaf_page_string1:5-3¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,,õ¡Ä,õ	cõ¡Ä	cõ	c¡Ä	c,ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþõÊõÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡³Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµSDS¡Ô¤ÿ¾5³3¡þÉ²In´µCOSSAP,µblocksµdefinedµinµtermsµofµlower³levelµblocksµareµcalled¡þ²hierarchicalµmodels².µTheµlowest³levelµblocksµ(blocksµappearingµin¡þZtheµflatµblockµdiagram)µareµcalledµ²primitiveµmodels².µToµcreateµan¡þ£executableµsimulation,µtheµsimulatorµcombinesµprimitiveµmodels¡þìaccordingµtoµtheµsignalµflowµinµtheµflatµblockµdiagram.¡þŽTwoµparadigmsµareµusedµtoµexecuteµaµsimulation:¡þ²S¡X²Timeµdrivenµsimulators¡þ‡²S¡X‡²Streamµdrivenµsimulators¡þAµbriefµoverviewµofµtheµconceptsµimplementedµinµtimeµdrivenµand¡þastreamµdrivenµsimulatorsµisµgivenµinµtheµfollowingµsubsections.¡þE²
Time´µDrivenµSimulators¡þä²Time´µdrivenµsimulatorsµuseµaµ²currentµtime²µloopµvariableµandµaµfixed¡þ-²timeµdelta²µincrementµtoµsimulateµaµsystemµfromµ²tstart²µstartµtimeµto¡þu²tend²µendµtime.µWhenµtheµsimulationµbegins,µtheµcurrentµtimeµ²t²¡þ¾becomesµtheµsimulationµstartµtime.µThenµeachµprocedureµthat¡þimplementsµaµ²primitiveµmodel²µisµcalledµonce,µinµaµfixedµorderµderived¡þOfromµtheµflatµblockµdiagram.µTheµcurrentµtimeµthenµincreasesµbyµa¡þ˜fixedµamountµ(²tdelta²µµorµtimeµdelta),µandµeachµprocedureµisµcalled¡þáagain.µThisµrepeatsµuntilµtheµcurrentµtimeµ²t²µreachesµtheµspecified¡þ	)²tend²µendµtime.’HD“I501ileaf_page_string1:5-4¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,,y¡Ä,y	cy¡Ä	cy	c¡Ä	c,ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþyÊyÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµSDS¡.5³4¡þÃ²procedure´µtime_driven¡þ÷³var¡þ+³³t,µtstart,µtdelta,µtend:µinteger;¡þ_³begin¡þ’³³tµ:=µtstart;¡þÆ³³whileµ(µt<=µtendµ)µdoµbegin¡þú³³³pmodel1;¡þ.³³³pmodel2;¡þb³³³pmodel3;¡þ–³³³pmodel4;¡þÊ³³³tµ:=µtµ+tdelta;¡þþ³³³end¡þ2³³end¡þeend;µ{µtime_drivenµ}¡þÆ²The´µmagnitudeµofµtheµ²timeµdelta²µdependsµonµtheµrateµatµwhich¡þsignalsµinµtheµsystemµareµsampled.µChooseµtheµsamplingµrateµso¡þWthatµtheµfastestµsignalµcanµbeµcorrectlyµreconstructedµfromµits¡þ samples.¡þITwoµproblemsµwithµtimeµdrivenµsimulatorsµareµthatµtheyµactivateµall¡þ’modelsµsynchronouslyµ(allµprocessingµmustµfitµwithinµaµraster),µand¡þÚthatµtheµflowµofµsignalsµcannotµchangeµwhileµaµsimulationµisµrunning.¡þÉ²
Stream´µDrivenµSimulators¡þo²Stream´µdrivenµsimulators,µsuchµasµSDS,µcallµaµspecificµprimitive¡þ·modelµonlyµwhenµsufficientµsignalµelementsµareµavailableµatµtheµinput¡þ	ofµtheµprimitive.µTheµstreamµofµsignalµelements,µnotµtime,µdrivesµthe¡þ	Isimulation.¡þ	òTheµadvantageµofµstreamµdrivenµsimulatorsµisµthatµthereµisµnoµneed¡þ
:forµaµstaticµsignalµflowµinµtheµsystem.µThatµis,µtheµwayµinµwhich¡þ
ƒsignalsµflowµmayµchangeµduringµtheµexecutionµofµaµsimulation.µThe¡þ
Ìsingleµmodelsµwillµsimplyµbeµactivatedµwhenµsufficientµsignal¡þelementsµareµavailableµatµtheirµinputs.’H*D“I501ileaf_page_string1:5-5¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,M,7¡Ä,7	c7¡Ä	c7	cM¡Ä	cM,MÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ7Ê7ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡³Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµSDS¡Ô¤ÿ¾5³5¡þÉ²Conceptually,´µtheµsignalµprocessingµtaskµcanµbeµseenµasµthe¡þprocessingµofµsequencesµofµsignalµelements.µThisµisµtheµapproach¡þZthatµtheµCOSSAPµsimulatorµtakes.µThisµsimulatorµconceptµmustµthen¡þ£beµreflectedµinµtheµbehaviorµofµtheµprimitiveµmodel.¡þ‡²
Behavior´µofµaµPrimitiveµModel¡þ&²In´µCOSSAP,µaµprimitiveµmodelµreadsµsignalµelementsµfromµitsµinput¡þoports,µprocessesµthem,µandµwritesµtheµresultingµsignalµelementsµto¡þ¸itsµoutputµports.µBecauseµaµstaticµsignalµflowµisµnotµrequired,µthe¡þnumberµofµsignalµelementsµavailableµatµtheµinputµportsµofµaµmodel¡þIcanµvaryµfromµactivationµtoµactivation.µEachµmodelµfirstµdetermines¡þ’howµmanyµsignalµelementsµareµavailableµatµeachµinputµport.µNext,¡þÚtheµmodelµdeterminesµhowµmanyµsignalµelementsµareµreadµfrom¡þ#eachµinputµport,µreadsµtheµsignalµelements,µprocessesµthem,µand¡þlwritesµtheµresultµtoµitsµoutputµports.µIfµaµsignalµelementµisµavailableµat¡þ´theµinputµport,µbutµtheµmodelµdidµnotµreadµit,µitµisµstillµavailableµatµthe¡þýinputµportsµtheµnextµtimeµtheµmodelµisµactivated.’*òD“I501ileaf_page_string1:5-6¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,A,+¡Ä,+	c+¡Ä	c+	cA¡Ä	cA,AÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ+Ê+ÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,„,n¡Ä,n	cn¡Ä	cn	c„¡Ä	c„,„ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþnÊnÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµSDS¡.5³6¡,Õ²Memory´µAreaµUsage¡þt²Primitive´µmodelsµareµprogrammedµasµsubroutines.µToµexecuteµa¡þ½simulation,µtheseµsubroutinesµareµlinkedµwithµaµsimulationµcontrol¡þprogram.µTheµsimulationµconceptµmustµbeµreflectedµinµthe¡þNfunctionalityµofµtheµprimitiveµsubroutineµcode.¡þØTheµsimulationµcontrolµprogramµworksµwithµaµlargeµmemoryµwork¡þ!space,µwhichµisµdividedµintoµfourµfunctionalµareas:¡þ•²S¡X•²ParameterµArea¡þý²S¡Xý²RingµBuffer¡þd²S¡Xd²ScratchµPad¡þÌ²S¡XÌ²SaveµArea¡þ{²
Parameter´µArea¡þ²The´µparametersµofµallµmodelsµareµstoredµinµtheµ²ParameterµArea².¡þ¾²
Ring´µBuffer¡þE²This´µmemoryµareaµisµreservedµforµallµdynamicµsignalµbuffers.µEach¡þsignalµbufferµisµconnectedµtoµexactlyµoneµinputµportµandµoneµoutput¡þÖport.µFunctionµcallsµareµavailableµforµgloballyµmanagingµallµdynamic¡þ	signalµbuffers.µAµmodelµusesµtheseµfunctionsµtoµreadµsignal¡þ	gelementsµfromµitsµinputµportsµ(usuallyµintoµtheµscratchµpad),µandµto¡þ	°writeµsignalµelementsµtoµtheµoutputµports.¡þ
:Forµanyµbuffer,µtheµcurrent"µpointerµindicatesµtheµnow"µtimeµsignal¡þ
ƒelementµforµtheµmodel.µPastµsignalµelementsµareµtheµ²externalµstate²¡þ
Ìofµtheµmodel.µForµmoreµinformation,µseeµSystemµCallsµtoµReadµand¡þWriteµSignalµElements"µonµpageµ7³5.’ò€D“I501ileaf_page_string1:5-7¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,&,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c&¡Ä	c&,&ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡³Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµSDS¡Ô¤ÿ¾5³7¡þÏ²
Scratch´µPad¡þn²To´µefficientlyµprocessµsignalµelements,µaµmodelµoftenµrequiresµa¡þ¶largeµlocalµmemory.µIfµeachµmodelµdeclaredµmemoryµlocally,¡þÿsimulationsµwouldµbeµlargeµandµslow.µToµavoidµthis,µallµmodel¡þHsubroutinesµuseµaµcommonµtemporaryµwork³space.µAfterµexecution¡þreturnsµfromµaµsubroutine,µtheµcontentsµofµthisµareaµareµlost.¡þ3Forµmoreµinformation,µseeµtheµdescriptionµofµtheµih,µrh,µandµdh¡þ|variablesµinµChapterµ6.¡þ`²
Save´µArea¡þÿ²The´µsimulationµcontrolµprogramµactivatesµonlyµmodelsµthatµsatisfyµa¡þHminimalµschedulingµcondition,µthatµis,µmodelsµthatµhaveµenough¡þavailableµinput.µHowever,µifµaµmodelµhasµaµlargeµnumberµofµsignal¡þÙsamplesµtoµprocess,µitµmightµbeµimpracticalµtoµprocessµaµcomplete¡þ"inputµsignalµduringµoneµactivation.µForµexample,µinµanµintegrator¡þjmodelµthatµcalculatesµaµrunningµsumµofµallµinputµsamples,µsignals¡þ³areµpartitionedµintoµsegments.µTheµmodelµisµactivatedµseveralµtimes¡þüduringµoneµsimulation,µandµmayµprocessµonlyµoneµsignalµsegmentµat¡þDeachµcall.µSomeµmodelsµneedµtoµpreserveµtheirµ²internalµstate²µdata¡þbetweenµtwoµconsecutiveµactivations,µsoµtheseµdataµareµstoredµin¡þÖtheµ²saveµarea².¡þ	xForµmoreµinformation,µseeµSystemµCallsµtoµSave/RestoreµModel¡þ	ÁState"µonµpageµ7³33.’€¶D“I501ileaf_page_string1:5-8¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,^,H¡Ä,H	cH¡Ä	cH	c^¡Ä	c^,^ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþHÊHÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµSDS¡.5³8¡,Õ²Structure´µofµaµPrimitiveµModel¡þ”²A´µsimulationµoccursµinµthreeµphases:¡þ²S¡X²Initialization¡þŒ²S¡XŒ²Signalµprocessing¡þ²S¡X²Post³processing¡þ‘Youµcanµdivideµtheµcodeµforµeachµprimitiveµmodelµintoµindependent¡þÚsectionsµappropriateµforµtheµphaseµofµtheµsimulationµexecution.¡þ#Whenµcalled,µaµmodelµcanµexamineµtheµvalueµofµtheµINIT¡þk(FORTRAN)µorµinitµ(C)µsystemµvariableµtoµdetermineµtheµcurrent¡þ´phaseµofµtheµsimulation.¡þ˜²
Initialization´µPhaseµ(²FINIT²
µ/µ²Finit²
µ=µ1)¡þ7²This´µisµtheµfirstµphaseµinµexecutingµaµsimulation.µThisµphaseµcalls¡þ€eachµprimitiveµmodelµexactlyµonce.µInµthisµsectionµofµcode,µthe¡þÉmodelµmustµinformµtheµsimulationµcontrolµprogramµifµanyµspecial¡þschedulingµisµrequiredµforµtheµsignalµprocessingµphaseµofµexecution.¡þZAlso,µifµapplicable,µtheµmodelµmustµinitializeµeachµsaveµareaµneeded¡þ£forµpreservingµitsµinternalµstate.¡þ	EAµprimitiveµmodelµmustµregisterµitsµversionµandµrevisionµnumber,µbut¡þ	Žmustµnotµreadµsignalµelementsµfromµinputµports,µorµwriteµsignal¡þ	×elementsµtoµoutputµports.’¶ØD“I501ileaf_page_string1:5-9¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,¢,Œ¡Ä,Œ	cŒ¡Ä	cŒ	c¢¡Ä	c¢,¢ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþŒÊŒÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡³Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµSDS¡Ô¤ÿ¾5³9¡þÉ²A´µprimitiveµmodelµcanµalso¡þN²S¡XN²Initializeµitsµinternalµstateµ(seeµINTDMP,µIIR)¡þÁ²S¡XÁ²Readµinputµdataµdatasetsµorµwriteµoutputµdatasetsµ(transfer¡Xfunctions,µsignalµpulses,µandµsoµon)¡þ{²S¡X{²Writeµsignalµelementsµtoµitsµownµinputµports,µtoµeitherµinitializeµits¡XÂexternalµstateµorµintroduceµaµdelayµintoµanµinputµsignalµ(see¡X	DELAYI,µDELAYR,µfilterµmodels).¡þÜ²
Signal´µProcessingµPhaseµ(INITµ/µinitµ=µ2)¡þ{²In´µthisµphaseµofµexecutingµaµsimulation,µaµprimitiveµmodelµisµcalled¡þÄonlyµifµtheµinputµschedulingµconditionµisµsatisfied.µTheµnumberµof¡þtimesµthatµaµprimitiveµmodelµisµactivatedµduringµthisµphaseµdepends¡þUonµtheµconfiguration.¡þ÷Aµprimitiveµmodelµthatµperformsµfinalµcomputationsµinµthe¡þ@post³processingµphase,µmightµnotµbeµcalledµatµallµinµthisµphase.¡þãInµCOSSAP,µaµprimitiveµmodelµreadsµsignalµelementsµfromµitsµinput¡þ+ports,µprocessesµthem,µandµwritesµtheµresultingµsignalµelementsµto¡þtitsµoutputµports.µFunctionµcallsµgloballyµmanageµallµdynamicµsignal¡þ½buffers.µInµmostµcases,µdataµisµreadµfromµanµinputµportµ(dynamicµring¡þ	buffer)µintoµtheµscratchµpadµmemory,µprocessed,µandµthenµwritten¡þ	Nfromµtheµscratchµpadµtoµtheµoutputµportµ(ringµbuffer).’ØïD“I501ileaf_page_string1:5-10¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCreating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµSDS¡.5³10¡þÉ²A´µprimitiveµmodelµcan¡þN²S¡XN²Readµsignalµelementsµfromµitsµinputµports¡þÁ²S¡XÁ²Getµitsµinternalµstate¡þ5²S¡X5²Processµsignalµelements¡þ¨²S¡X¨²Updateµitsµinternalµstate¡þ²S¡X²Writeµsignalµelementsµtoµitsµoutputµports¡þ²S¡X²Setµtheµerrorµcodesµandµtheµexitµflag¡þ!Aµprimitiveµmodelµmustµnotµwriteµsignalµelementsµtoµitsµinputµports,¡þjorµreadµsignalµelementsµfromµitsµoutputµports.¡þNote:²¡XU²Toµminimizeµtheµnumberµofµactivations,µeachµactivationµofµa¡Xžmodelµshouldµreadµasµmanyµsignalµelementsµasµpossible.¡þ@Forµexample,µifµtheµinputµschedulingµofµaµmodelµrequiresµthatµthe¡þ‰numberµofµprocessedµsignalµelementsµisµaµmultipleµofµ4µ(suchµas¡þÒmappingµ4µbitsµtoµ1µsymbol),µandµ43µsignalµelementsµareµavailableµat¡þitsµinputµport,µtheµmodelµshouldµprocessµonlyµ40µsignalµelements.¡þcThisµisµbecauseµaµmodelµprocessesµonlyµasµmuchµinputµdataµatµa¡þ¬timeµasµitµneedsµinµorderµtoµgenerateµtheµmaximumµnumberµ(10µin¡þôthisµexample)µofµoutputµdata.µTheµthreeµsignalµelementsµleftµatµthe¡þ	=inputµportµareµprocessedµtheµnextµtimeµtheµmodelµisµactivated.’ï+D“I501ileaf_page_string1:5-11¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,»,¥¡Ä,¥	c¥¡Ä	c¥	c»¡Ä	c»,»ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ¥Ê¥ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡³Á²Creating´µPrimitiveµModelsµforµtheµSDS¡Ô¤ÿ¤5³11¡þÉ²There´µareµonlyµtwoµexceptionsµtoµtheµaboveµrule:¡þR²S¡XR²Aµmodelµinµwhichµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµwrittenµtoµits¡X™outputµportsµisµdeterminedµbyµtheµoutputµrateµattributeµofµthe¡Xßsingleµoutputµport.µTheµoutputµrateµisµsetµusingµtheµCOSSAP¡X&BlockµDiagramµEditorµ(BDE).µTheµdefaultµoutputµrateµfor¡XlCOSSAPµisµ512µsignalµelements.¡þã²S¡Xã²Aµmodelµinµwhichµmoreµsignalµelementsµareµwrittenµtoµitsµoutput¡X*portsµthanµareµreadsµfromµitsµinputµports.µTheµnumberµofµsignal¡Xqelementsµwrittenµtoµitsµoutputµportsµisµdeterminedµbyµtheµoutput¡X·rateµattributeµofµeachµindividualµoutputµport.µTheseµattributesµare¡XþsetµusingµtheµBDE.µTheµdefaultµoutputµrateµforµCOSSAPµisµ512¡XDsignalµelements.µTheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµtoµreadµfromµthe¡X‹inputµportsµisµcomputedµfromµtheµoutputµrateµattribute,µandµthe¡XÑremainingµsignalµelementsµatµtheµinputµportsµareµprocessedµthe¡Xnextµtimeµtheµmodelµisµactivated.¡þõ²
Post³Processing´µPhaseµ(INITµ/µinitµ=µ3)¡þ›²In´µthisµlastµphaseµofµexecutingµaµsimulation,µeachµprimitiveµmodelµis¡þäactivatedµexactlyµonce.µMostµprimitiveµmodelsµdoµnotµperformµany¡þ,processingµinµthisµphase.µOnlyµprimitiveµmodelsµthatµgenerateµoutput¡þusometimesµneedµtoµperformµfinalµcomputationsµonµaccumulated¡þ¾data.µInµthisµphase,µaµprimitiveµmodelµcan:¡þ	G²S¡X	G²Determineµitsµinternalµstate¡þ	¾²S¡X	¾²Processµaccumulatedµdata¡þ
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¥²TheµCµtypeµisµdouble.¡þ²S¡X²Accessµisµread³write.’Ž¹D“I501ileaf_page_string1:6-8¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µSystemµVariablesµandµMacros¡.6³8¡þÉ²Each´µactivationµofµaµmodelµcanµarbitrarilyµuseµtheµreferenceµpointers¡þandµindexesµtoµmanipulateµdataµinµtheµscratchµpad.¡þ´Usually,µbothµareasµofµtheµscratchµpadµareµfurtherµdividedµinto¡þýsubarraysµthatµyouµcanµaccessµusingµindexesµintoµtheµappropriate¡þFarrayµforµtheµdataµtype.µTheµlengthµofµtheµsubarraysµdependsµonµthe¡þŽnumberµofµsignalµelementsµtoµprocess.¡þ1ModelsµsuppliedµwithµCOSSAPµuseµtheµih,µrh,µandµdhµnaming¡þzconventionsµforµnamingµvariablesµthatµreferµtoµdataµelementsµin¡þÂtheseµarrays.µTheµfollowingµrulesµdefineµaµsubarrayµwithµtheµname¡þ²array_name²:¡Xjarray_name¡XØindexµtoµtheµfirstµelementµofµtheµsubarray¡X?larray_name¡X‡lengthµofµtheµsubarray¡þTable 6³1µshowsµanµexampleµofµtheµvariableµnamingµconventions¡þUappliedµtoµaµmodelµwithµtheµsubarraysµinµandµout.’¹ÙD“I501ileaf_page_string1:6-9¥	öä¥	öä¡‰Á²âCOSSAP´µSystemµVariablesµandµMacros¡Ô¤ÿ¾6³9¡,É²Table 6³1³Example´µofµVariableµNamesµUsedµwithµinµandµoutµSubarrays¡þ9²¥	öä¡a²Variable´µName²¡¬9¥	öä¡Éa²Definition²¡p9¡þ±¥	öä¡Ñ²ih[jin]Áã¡ÃÄþ««ŽþŽþÇ²¡¬±¥	öä¡ÉÑ²Storesµfirstµdataµelementµofµtheµinµsubarray¤ÿý,µifµinteger¡Édataµisµstored.¡ÃÄ¬qqŽ¬Ž¬Ç²¡p±¡þM¥	öä¡m²rh[jin]²¡¬M¥	öä¡Ém²Storesµfirstµdataµelementµofµtheµinµsubarray¤ÿý,µifµrealµdata¡É£isµstored.²¡pM¡þé¥	öä¡	²dh[jin]²¡¬é¥	öä¡É	²Storesµfirstµdataµelementµofµtheµinµsubarray¤ÿý,µifµdouble¡É?precisionµdataµisµstored.²¡pé¡þ…¥	öä¡¥²lin²¡¬…¥	öä¡É¥²Lengthµofµtheµinµsubarray¤ÿý.²¡p…¡þí¥	öä¡²ih[jout]²¡¬í¥	öä¡É²Storesµfirstµdataµelementµofµtheµoutµsubarray¤ÿý,µifµinteger¡ÉCdataµisµstored.²¡pí¡þ‰¥	öä¡©²rh[jout]²¡¬‰¥	öä¡É©²Storesµfirstµdataµelementµofµtheµoutµsubarray¤ÿý,µifµrealµdata¡Éßisµstored.²¡p‰¡þ%¥	öä¡E²dh[jout]²¡¬%¥	öä¡ÉE²Storesµfirstµdataµelementµofµtheµoutµsubarray¤ÿý,µifµdouble¡É{precisionµdataµisµstored.²¡p%¡þÁ¥	öä¡á²lout²¡¬Á¥	öä¡Éá²Lengthµofµtheµoutµsubarray¤ÿý.²¡pÁ¡þn²The´µsizeµofµtheµscratchµpadµisµveryµlargeµbutµisµultimatelyµlimited.¡þ¶Therefore,µafterµsubdividingµitµintoµtheµrequiredµsubarrays,µcheck¡þÿwhetherµtheµlimitµofµtheµscratchµpadµhasµbeenµexceeded.µSeeµthe¡þGdescriptionµofµtheµChkScratchPadSize()µmacro.¡þêIfµih,µrh,µorµdhµreferencesµneedµdataµatµtheµnextµactivation,µdoµnot¡þ	3storeµthemµinµtheµscratchµpadµarea.µUseµtheµVSAVµandµVGET¡þ	{systemµcallsµinµCOSSAP.µBecauseµtheseµarraysµcannotµsetµan¡þ	Äactivationµsequence,µyouµcannotµpassµdataµtoµotherµmodelsµinµthese¡þ
arrays.µOnlyµsignalµbuffersµcanµpassµdataµtoµotherµmodels.’Ù¹D“I501ileaf_page_string1:6-10¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µSystemµVariablesµandµMacros¡.6³10¡þÏ²
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ÌYouµcanµuseµtheµCheckScratchPadSizeµmacroµtoµcheckµwetherµthe¡þsizeµofµtheµih,µrh,µandµdhµscratchµpadµarraysµhaveµbeenµexceeded.’¹ÔD“I501ileaf_page_string1:6-11¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡‰Á²COSSAP´µSystemµVariablesµandµMacros¡Ô¤ÿ¤6³11¡þÏ²
Variable´µNamingµConventions¡þf²This´µsectionµdescribesµnamingµconventionsµthatµmakeµtheµsource¡þ¯codeµofµaµmodelµmoreµreadable.µAlthoughµtheseµvariableµnamesµare¡þ÷notµmandatory,µtheµprogramµcodeµofµaµmodelµisµmoreµconsistentµif¡þ@youµuseµtheseµvariableµnames.¡þ²Fstatus²
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¥²TheµCµtypeµisµlong.¡þ²S¡X²Accessµisµread³only.’ÔÌD“I501ileaf_page_string1:6-12¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µSystemµVariablesµandµMacros¡.6³12¡þÉ²If´µtheµmodelµhasµmoreµthanµoneµinputµport,µuseµtheµnfutnµvariableµfor¡þtheµn³thµinputµport,µthatµis,µnfut1µforµtheµfirstµinputµport,µnfut2µforµthe¡þZsecondµinputµport,µandµsoµon.¡þ3²Fnpast²
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µMacro¡þ	²This´µmacroµchecksµeachµrecordµofµaµdatasetµtoµdetermineµwhether¡þ	Ltheµnumberµofµelementsµinµtheµrecordµisµtheµsameµasµtheµnumberµof¡þ	•elementsµexpected.µIfµnot,µtheµerrorµcodeµ-1000µ-µdataset_idµµisµset¡þ	Ýandµexecutionµofµtheµsimulationµisµterminated.¡þ
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]²TheµCµtypeµforµdataset_id,µnumber_recordelements_readµand¡X
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µMacro¡þn²This´µmacroµchecksµtheµtotalµsizeµofµtheµinteger/floatµscratchµpad¡þ·arraysµusedµinµaµmodel.µIfµtheµvalueµofµtheµsizeµvariableµexceedsµthe¡þÿsizeµofµtheµCOSSAPµscratchµpadµarrays,µtheµerrorµflagµisµsetµtoµ-1.¡þHExecutionµofµtheµsimulationµterminates.¡þÍ²S¡XÍ²TheµCµtypeµforµsizeµisµlong.¡þA²S¡XA²Accessµisµread³only.¡þ²FChkScratchPadSizeDouble(´µsizeµ)²
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µMacro¡þù²All´µCOSSAPµsystemµcallsµreturnµtheirµexecutionµstatusµinµaµvariable¡þ	Bofµtheirµargumentµlist.µUseµtheµExitOnErrorµmacroµtoµcheckµthe¡þ	Šnegativeµvalueµofµtheµstatusµvariable.µIfµtheµvalueµofµtheµstatus¡þ	Óvariableµisµnotµzeroµ(thatµis,µifµanµerrorµhasµoccurred),µthisµmacroµsets¡þ
theµerrorµflagµandµexits.µExecutionµofµtheµsimulationµterminates.¡þ
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µMacro¡þJ²This´µmacroµsetsµtheµerrorµflagµtoµtheµvalueµstoredµinµtheµerror¡þ“variableµandµexits.µExecutionµofµtheµsimulationµterminates.¡þÿ²S¡Xÿ²TheµCµtypeµforµerrorµisµlong.¡þa²S¡Xa²Accessµisµread³only.¡þþ²FGetExitFlag²
´µMacro¡þz²This´µmacroµreportsµtheµcurrentµstatusµofµtheµexitµflagµforµtheµmodel.¡þ"²FGetInstanceName²
´µMacro¡þž²This´µmacroµreportsµtheµhierarchicalµmodelµinstanceµnameµforµthe¡þæmodel.¡þS²S¡XS²TheµCµtypeµofµtheµreturnµvalueµisµchar*.¡þµ²S¡Xµ²Accessµtoµtheµreturnµvalueµisµread³only.¡þR²FGetOutputRate(´µportµ)²
µMacro¡þÍ²This´µmacroµgetsµtheµmaximumµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµthatµthe¡þmodelµcanµwriteµtoµtheµoutputµportµnumber.¡þƒ²S¡Xƒ²TheµCµtypeµforµportµisµlong.¡þä²S¡Xä²Accessµisµread³only.¡þ	‚²FGetParameter_I(´µparameterµ)²
µMacro¡þ	ý²This´µmacroµfindsµtheµvalueµofµaµCOSSAPµINTEGER³typeµparameter,¡þ
FwhichµcanµbeµstoredµinµaµlongµtypeµCµvariable.¡þ
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µMacro¡þá²This´µmacroµfindsµtheµvalueµofµaµCOSSAPµstring³typeµparameter,¡þ*whichµcanµbeµstoredµinµaµCµconstchar*µtype.¡þ¥²S¡X¥²TheµCµtypeµforµparameterµisµconstchar*.¡þ²S¡X²Accessµisµread³only.¡þÑ²FGetPrefPlotFormat(´µdatasetµ)²
µMacro¡þb²This´µmacroµreturnsµtheµvalueµofµaµuser³specifiedµplotµformatµforµthe¡þ«givenµoutputµdatasetµnumber.¡þ&²S¡X&²TheµCµtypeµforµdatasetµisµlong.¡þ“²S¡X“²Accessµisµread³only.¡þ	R²FInPort(´µportµ)²
µMacro¡þ	ã²This´µmacroµfindsµtheµaddressµofµtheµvariableµthatµholdsµtheµsignal¡þ
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µMacro¡þz²This´µmacroµfindsµtheµaddressµofµtheµvariableµthatµholdsµtheµdataset¡þÂIDµforµtheµinputµdatasetµnumber.¡þO²S¡XO²TheµCµtypeµforµdatasetµisµlong.¡þÈ²S¡XÈ²Accessµisµread³only.¡þ­²FOutputDataset(´µdatasetµ)²
µMacro¡þX²This´µmacroµfindsµtheµaddressµofµtheµvariableµthatµholdsµtheµdataset¡þ IDµforµtheµoutputµdatasetµnumber.¡þ-²S¡X-²TheµCµtypeµforµdatasetµisµlong.¡þ¦²S¡X¦²Accessµisµread³only.¡þ‹²FOutPort(´µportµ)²
µMacro¡þ6²This´µmacroµfindsµtheµaddressµofµtheµvariableµthatµholdsµtheµsignal¡þbufferµnumberµforµtheµoutputµportµnumber.¡þ	²S¡X	²TheµCµtypeµforµportµisµlong.¡þ	…²S¡X	…²Accessµisµread³only.¡þ
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´µMacro¡þ²This´µmacroµsetsµtheµexitµflagµforµaµmodel.’©æD“I501ileaf_page_string1:6-17¥	öä¥	öä¡‰Á²âCOSSAP´µSystemµVariablesµandµMacros¡Ô¤ÿ¤6³17¡þÏ²FSetInputSchedule(´µportµ)µ=µµNumberOfSignalElements²
¡þMacro¡þ¹²This´µmacroµsetsµtheµminimumµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµthatµthe¡þmodelµrequiresµatµtheµinputµportµnumber.¡þ†²S¡X†²TheµCµtypeµforµportµisµlong,µandµaccessµisµread³only.¡þù²S¡Xù²TheµCµtypeµforµNumberOfSignalElementsµisµlong,µandµaccessµis¡X@read³only.¡þ²FSetRevision²
´µMacro¡þ²²This´µmacroµsetsµtheµrevisionµnumberµofµaµmodelµtoµtheµIREV¡þûconstant,µwhichµisµdefinedµinµtheµsourceµcodeµofµtheµprimitiveµmodel.¡þDThisµmacroµisµusuallyµusedµinµtheµinitializationµphaseµofµaµprimitive¡þŒmodel.¡þp²FSetVersion²
´µMacro¡þ²This´µmacroµsetsµtheµversionµnumberµofµaµmodelµtoµtheµIVER¡þXconstant,µwhichµisµdefinedµinµtheµsourceµcodeµofµtheµprimitiveµmodel.¡þ¡Thisµmacroµisµusuallyµusedµinµtheµinitializationµphaseµofµaµprimitive¡þêmodel.’æ,D“I501ileaf_page_string1:6-18¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,-,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c-¡Ä	c-,-ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,ß,É¡Ä,É	cÉ¡Ä	cÉ	cß¡Ä	cß,ßÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÉÊÉÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²COSSAP´µSystemµVariablesµandµMacros¡.6³18¡,Õ²FORTRAN77´µSystemµVariables¡þl²This´µsectionµdescribesµtheµindividualµvariablesµandµarraysµfor¡þµFORTRAN77.¡þg²
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³(Number´µofµDatasetsµ-µInput)µ¡þD²The´µNDINµvariableµinµCOSSAPµspecifiesµtheµnumberµofµinput¡þŒdatasetsµofµaµmodel.µYouµrarelyµneedµtoµuseµthisµvariable.¡þ²S¡X²TheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER.¡þ„²S¡X„²Accessµisµread³only.¡þW²
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ï¤ÿ¿current¡ˆï¤ÿÒhead²¡:ò¡þ¢²Current²µisµalsoµcalledµtheµ²PresentTimeCursor²,µbecauseµtheµsignal¡þëelementµtoµwhichµ²current²µpointsµcorrespondsµtoµtheµtimeµ²now².µAll¡þ4signalµelementsµtoµtheµleftµofµ²current²µareµinµtheµpast,µandµallµsignal¡þ|elementsµtoµtheµrightµofµ²current²µareµinµtheµfuture.µTheµsignalµelement¡þÅtoµwhichµ²current²µpoints,µisµusuallyµtheµnextµsignalµelementµto¡þprocess.¡þ§SignalµelementsµtoµtheµleftµofµtheµPresentTimeCursorµthatµremainµin¡þïtheµsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµanµinputµportµuntilµtheµnextµactivation¡þ8ofµaµmodelµareµcalledµtheµ²externalµstate²µofµthatµmodel.¡,-²System´µCallsµtoµReadµandµWriteµSignalµElements¡þß²You´µcanµuseµtheµfollowingµsystemµcallsµwhenµyouµprogramµaµnew¡þ(primitiveµmodel.µTheµobjectµcodeµisµstoredµinµtheµrbc.aµarchiveµfileµin¡þptheµ$COSSAP_DIR/libµdirectory.¡þ	²¥	öä¡	!²RBCHK²¡f	¥	öä¡ƒ	!²Ring´µBuf¤ÿÿferµCheck²¡b	¡þ	T¥	öä¡	t²RBRD²¡f	T¥	öä¡ƒ	t²RingµBuf¤ÿÿferµRead²¡b	T¡þ	§¥	öä¡	Ç²RBWR²¡f	§¥	öä¡ƒ	Ç²RingµBuf¤ÿÿferµW¤ÿÿrite²¡b	§¡þ	ú¥	öä¡
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Arguments¡þ;²²buffer²´µ¡X„specifiesµtheµbufferµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµtoµcheck.µThe¡XÌFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ)²portµ²¡…)¡Xqspecifiesµtheµportµnumberµofµtheµinputµportµtoµcheck.µTheµCµtype¡Xºisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ²n_past²µ¡X_specifiesµhowµmanyµsignalµelementsµinµtheµ²buffer²µsignalµbuffer¡X§areµtoµtheµleftµofµtheµPresentTimeCursor,µthatµis,µinµtheµpast.µDo¡XðnotµincludeµtheµsignalµelementµtoµwhichµtheµPresentTimeCursor¡X9points.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;¡Xaccessµisµwrite³only.¡þÞ²n_future²µ¡X&specifiesµhowµmanyµsignalµelementsµinµtheµ²buffer²µsignalµbuffer¡XoareµtoµtheµrightµofµtheµPresentTimeCursor,µthatµis,µinµtheµfuture,¡X¸includingµtheµsignalµelementµtoµwhichµtheµPresentTimeCursor¡Xpoints.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;¡XIaccessµisµwrite³only.¡þ¥²statusµ²¡XîcontainsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³1;µthe¡X6FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xwrite³only.¡,ù²Table 7³1³RBCHKµStatusµValues¡þ	V²¥	öä¡	~²Value²¡f	V¥	öä¡ƒ	~²Description²¡b	V¡þ	Ò¥	öä¡	ò²0Áã¡ÃÄþ	®e	®e	¯þ	¯þ	®Ç²¡f	Ò¥	öä¡ƒ	ò²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄf	®c	®c	¯f	¯f	®Ç²¡b	Ò¡þ
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Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡þM²C´µµµµµµ**getµnumberµofµbufferµconnectedµtoµfirstµinput¡þ€port¡þ´µµµµµµµIBINµ=µIPARAM(JNBIN+1)¡þèCµµµµµµ**checkµnumberµofµelementsµinµfirstµinputµbuffer¡þµµµµµµµCALLµRBCHK(IBIN,NPAST,NFUT,ISTAT)¡þPCµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡þ„µµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡þ¸µµµµµ$µTHEN¡þìCµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡þ µµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡þSCµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡þ‡µµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡þ»µµµµµµµENDµIF¡þM²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þÒ1.¡XÒTheµbufferµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµtheµfirst¡Xinputµportµofµtheµmodelµisµassignedµtoµtheµ²IBINµ²variable.¡þŒ2.¡XŒTheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµinµthisµsignalµbufferµisµchecked.¡XTheµRBCHKµsystemµcallµassignsµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelements¡XFtoµtheµleftµofµtheµPresentTimeCursorµtoµtheµNPASTµvariable,µand¡Xtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµtoµtheµrightµofµthe¡XÓPresentTimeCursorµtoµtheµNFUTµvariable.¡þV3.¡XVBeforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡XœRBCHKµsystemµcallµisµchecked.¡X	Ifµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµisµset,µandµexeutionµreturnsµto¡X	Wtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.’ /D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-9¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,A,+¡Ä,+	c+¡Ä	c+	cA¡Ä	cA,AÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ+Ê+ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¾7³9¡þÏ²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þX²/*check´µnumberµofµelementsµatµtheµfirstµinputµportµ*/¡þŒrbchk(InPort(1),&npast,&nfuture,&istat)¡þÀ/*checkµreturnµstatusµ*/¡þôExitOnError(-istat);¡þ—²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ&1.¡X&Theµ²rbchkµ²systemµcallµassignsµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµto¡XmtheµleftµofµtheµPresentTimeCursorµtoµtheµ²n_pastµ²variable,µandµthe¡X³numberµofµsignalµelementsµtoµtheµrightµofµtheµPresentTimeCursor¡Xútoµtheµ²n_future²µvariable.¡þu2.¡XuBeforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡X¼²rbchkµ²systemµcallµisµchecked.¡X8Ifµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµisµset,µandµexecutionµreturns¡X~toµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þ{²
²Ì²FRBRD²
³(Ring´µBufferµRead)¡þ+²A´µmodelµusesµRBRDµtoµreadµsignalµelementsµintoµanµarrayµfromµa¡þssignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµoneµofµitsµinputµports.¡þ	1.¡X	²n_elements²µsignalµelementsµareµcopiedµfromµtheµ²bufferµ²signal¡X	Ibufferµintoµtheµsignal_arrayµarray.µTheµsignalµelementµtoµwhich¡X	theµPresentTimeCursorµpoints,µisµtheµfirstµsignalµelementµcopied.¡þ
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Arguments¡þ²²buffer²´µ¡Xbspecifiesµtheµbufferµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµfromµwhichµto¡X«copyµtheµsignalµelements.TheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;¡Xôaccessµisµread³only.¡þb²portµ²¡X«specifiesµtheµportµnumberµofµtheµinputµportµfromµwhichµtoµreadµthe¡Xósignalµelements.µTheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þa²signal_array²µ¡Xªspecifiesµtheµarrayµintoµwhichµyouµwantµtoµcopyµtheµsignal¡Xóelements.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµINTEGERµorµREAL¡X;values;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongsµorµfloats;µaccessµis¡X„write³only.¡þò²n_elementsµ²¡X	;specifiesµhowµmanyµsignalµelementsµtoµcopyµfromµtheµsignal¡X	ƒbuffer.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;¡X	Ìaccessµisµread³only¡þ
:²statusµ²¡X
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ÌFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xwrite³only.’ö~D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-11¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³11¡,É²Table 7³2³RBRD´µStatusµValues¡þ9²¥	öä¡a²Value²¡9¥	öä¡.a²Description²¡9¡þµ¥	öä¡Õ²0Áã¡ÃÄþ‘‘’þ’þ‘Ç²¡µ¥	öä¡.Õ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ‘‘’’‘Ç²¡µ¡þ!¥	öä¡A²40²¡!¥	öä¡.A²Cannotµnotifyµifµbuf¤ÿÿferµchanged.²¡!¡þ¥	öä¡­²41²¡¥	öä¡.­²Buf¤ÿÿferµnumberµisµlessµthanµ1.²¡¡þù¥	öä¡²42²¡ù¥	öä¡.²Buf¤ÿÿferµnumberµisµlargerµthanµtheµnumber¡.Oallocated.²¡ù¡þ•¥	öä¡µ²43²¡•¥	öä¡.µ²Negativeµnumberµofµsignalµelements¡.ërequested.²¡•¡þ1¥	öä¡Q²44²¡1¥	öä¡.Q²Moreµsignalµelementsµrequestedµthanµsignal¡.‡elementsµinµsignalµbuf¤ÿÿfer¤ÿý.²¡1¡þS²
Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡,Ë² C´µµµµµµ**getµnumberµofµbufferµconnectedµtoµsecondµinputµport¡,ùµµµµµµµIBINµ=µIPARAM(JNBIN+2)¡,&Cµµµµµµ**readµLINµelementsµfromµsecondµinputµbuffer¡,TµµµµµµµCALLµRBRD(IBIN,RH(JIN),LIN,ISTAT)¡,‚Cµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,¯µµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)µ¡,Ýµµµµµ$µTHEN¡,Cµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,8µµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,fµµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,”µµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡,ÁµµµµµµµENDµIF’~D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-12¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³12¡þÉ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þN1.¡XNTheµbufferµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµtheµsecond¡X”inputµportµofµtheµmodelµisµassignedµtoµtheµIBIN2µvariable.¡þ2.¡XRBRDµisµcalledµtoµcopyµ²LIN²µsignalµelementsµfromµtheµ²IBIN2²¡XNsignalµbufferµtoµtheµ²RH²µREALµarray,µstartingµatµ²RH(JIN)².µThe¡X•signalµelementµtoµwhichµtheµPresentTimeCursorµpointsµisµtheµfirst¡XÜsignalµelementµcopied.¡þO3.¡XOTheµPresentTimeCursorµmovesµtoµtheµrightµbyµ²LIN²µsignal¡X–elements.¡þ	4.¡X	AllµsignalµelementsµtoµtheµleftµofµtheµPresentTimeCursorµare¡XPremovedµfromµtheµsignalµbuffer.¡þÃ5.¡XÃBeforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡X
RBRDµsystemµcallµisµchecked.¡X~Ifµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµisµset,µandµexecutionµreturns¡XÄtoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þG6.¡XGForµanµ(I)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµanµINTEGERµarray.µFor¡Xanµ(R)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµREALµarray.¡þ`²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þÞ²/*read´µlinµelementsµfromµsecondµinputµport*/¡þ	rbrd(InPort(2),&rh[jin],&lin,&istat)¡þ	F/*checkµreturnµstatusµ*/¡þ	zExitOnError(-istat);’xD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-13¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,¦,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c¦¡Ä	c¦,¦ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³13¡þÉ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þV1.¡XV²rbrdµ²isµcalledµtoµcopyµ²lin²µsignalµelementsµfromµtheµsignalµbuffer¡Xœforµtheµsecondµinputµport,µtoµtheµ²rhµ²floatµarray,µstartingµatµ²rh[jin]².¡XãTheµsignalµelementµtoµwhichµtheµPresentTimeCursorµpointsµis¡X)theµfirstµsignalµelementµcopied.¡þ£2.¡X£TheµPresentTimeCursorµmovesµtoµtheµrightµbyµ²lin²µsignal¡Xêelements.¡þc3.¡XcAllµsignalµelementsµtoµtheµleftµofµtheµPresentTimeCursorµare¡Xªremovedµfromµtheµsignalµbuffer.¡þ#4.¡X#Beforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡Xj²rbrdµ²systemµcallµisµchecked.¡XäIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµisµset,µandµexecutionµreturns¡X*toµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þµ5.¡XµForµanµ(I)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµ²long²µarray.µForµanµ(R)¡XûtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµ²float²µarray.¡þà²
²FRBWR²
³(Ring´µBufferµWrite)¡þŒ²A´µmodelµusesµRBWRµtoµwriteµsignalµelementsµfromµanµarray,µintoµa¡þÔsignalµbufferµofµanµoutputµport.µ²n_elements²µsignalµelementsµare¡þ	copiedµfromµtheµ²signal_array²µarrayµtoµtheµ²buffer²µsignalµbuffer.µThe¡þ	ffirstµsignalµelementµisµcopiedµtoµtheµrightµofµtheµright³mostµelementµin¡þ	®theµbuffer.µTheµPresentTimeCursorµisµnotµmoved.¡þ
]TheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡,
á² ¡þ
áCALL´µRBWR(²!buffer² ,µ²!signal_array² ,µ²!n_elements² ,µ²!status² )’xD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-14¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³14¡þÉ²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡,D² ¡þDrbwr(OutPort(´µ²!portµ² ),µ&²!signal_array² ,µ&²!n_elements² ,µ&²!status² )¡þ²
Arguments¡þœ²²buffer²´µ¡Xäspecifiesµtheµbufferµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµtoµwhichµyou¡X-wantµtoµcopyµtheµsignalµelements.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡XvINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þÜ²port²µ¡X%specifiesµtheµportµnumberµofµtheµoutputµportµtoµwhichµyouµwantµto¡Xnwriteµtheµsignalµelements.µTheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X¶read³only.¡þ²data_array²µ¡Xfspecifiesµtheµarrayµfromµwhichµyouµwantµtoµcopyµsignal¡X®elements.TheµFORTRANµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµINTEGERµorµREAL¡X÷values;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongsµorµfloats;µaccessµis¡X@read³only.¡þ¦²n_elements²µ¡Xïspecifiesµhowµmanyµsignalµelementsµtoµcopyµtoµtheµsignalµbuffer.¡X8TheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X€read³only.¡þç²status²µ¡X	/containsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³3;µthe¡X	xFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X	Áwrite³only.’MD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-15¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³15¡,É²Table 7³3³RBWR´µStatusµValues¡þ9²¥	öä¡a²Value²¡f9¥	öä¡ƒa²Description²¡b9¡þµ¥	öä¡Õ²0Áã¡ÃÄþ‘e‘e’þ’þ‘Ç²¡fµ¥	öä¡ƒÕ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄf‘c‘c’f’f‘Ç²¡bµ¡þ!¥	öä¡A²50²¡f!¥	öä¡ƒA²Cannotµnotifyµifµbuf¤ÿÿferµchanged.²¡b!¡þ¥	öä¡­²51²¡f¥	öä¡ƒ­²Buf¤ÿÿferµnumberµisµlessµthanµ1.²¡b¡þù¥	öä¡²52²¡fù¥	öä¡ƒ²Buf¤ÿÿferµnumberµisµlargerµthanµtheµnumber¡ƒOallocated.²¡bù¡þ•¥	öä¡µ²53²¡f•¥	öä¡ƒµ²Negativeµnumberµofµsignalµelements¡ƒërequested.²¡b•¡þ1¥	öä¡Q²54²¡f1¥	öä¡ƒQ²Ranµoutµofµbuf¤ÿÿferµspace.²¡b1¡þ#²
Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡,›² C´µµµµµµ**getµnumberµofµbufferµconnectedµtoµfirstµoutputµport¡,ÉµµµµµµµIBOUTµ=µIPARAM(JNBOUTµ+1)¡,öCµµµµµµ**writeµLOUTµelementsµtoµfirstµoutputµbuffer¡,$µµµµµµµCALLµRBWR(IBOUT,RH(JOUT),LOUT,ISTAT)¡,RCµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,µµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,­µµµµµ$µTHEN¡,ÛCµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,µµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,6Cµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,dµµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡,‘µµµµµµµENDµIF’MˆD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-16¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³16¡þÉ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þN1.¡XNTheµbufferµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµtheµfirst¡X”outputµportµofµtheµmodelµisµassignedµtoµtheµIBOUTµvariable.¡þ2.¡XAµcallµtoµRBWRµcopiesµ²LOUT²µsignalµelementsµfromµtheµ²RH²¡XNREALµarray,µstartingµatµ²RH(JOUT)²,µtoµtheµ²IBOUT²µsignalµbuffer.¡X•Theµfirstµsignalµelementµisµcopiedµtoµtheµrightµofµtheµright³most¡XÜsignalµelementµinµtheµsignalµbuffer.µTheµPresentTimeCursorµis¡X"notµmoved.¡þ–3.¡X–Beforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡XÜRBWRµsystemµcallµisµchecked.¡XPIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµisµset,µandµexecutionµreturns¡X–toµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þ4.¡XForµanµ(I)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµanµINTEGERµarray.µFor¡X`anµ(R)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµREALµarray.¡þ3²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þ±²/*write´µloutµelementsµtoµsecondµoutputµportµ*/¡þårbwr(OutPort(2),&rh[jout],&lout,&istat)¡þ/*checkµreturnµstatusµ*/¡þLExitOnError(-istat);’ˆpD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-17¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,ü,æ¡Ä,æ	cæ¡Ä	cæ	cü¡Ä	cü,üÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþæÊæÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³17¡þÉ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þB1.¡XBAµcallµtoµ²rbwr²µcopiesµ²lout²µsignalµelementsµfromµtheµ²rh²µfloatµarray,¡X‰startingµatµ²rh[jout]²,µtoµtheµsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµtheµsecond¡XÏoutputµport.µTheµfirstµsignalµelementµisµcopiedµtoµtheµrightµofµthe¡Xright³mostµsignalµelementµinµtheµsignalµbuffer.µThe¡X\PresentTimeCursorµisµnotµmoved.¡þÇ2.¡XÇBeforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡XRBWRµsystemµcallµisµchecked.¡XyIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµisµset,µandµexecutionµreturns¡X¿toµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þ63.¡X6Forµanµ(I)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµ²long²µarray.µForµanµ(R)¡X}typeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµ²floatµ²array.¡þ6²
²FRBCP²
³(Ring´µBufferµCopy)¡þÄ²A´µmodelµusesµRBCPµtoµcopyµsignalµelementsµfromµaµsignalµbuffer¡þconnectedµtoµanµinputµport,µintoµanµarray.µ²n_elements²µsignal¡þUelementsµareµcopiedµfromµtheµ²buffer²µsignalµbufferµintoµthe¡þž²signal_array²µarray.µTheµfirstµsignalµelementµcopiedµisµ²offset²µsignal¡þçelementsµtoµtheµrightµofµtheµsignalµelementµtoµwhichµthe¡þ/PresentTimeCursorµpoints.µTheµPresentTimeCursorµisµnotµmoved,¡þxnorµareµanyµsignalµelementsµremovedµfromµtheµsignalµbuffer.¡þ		²offset²µcanµbeµpositiveµorµnegative.µAµnegativeµ²offset²µvalueµmeansµto¡þ	RtheµleftµofµtheµPresentTimeCursor.µIfµ²offset²µisµ0,µtheµsignalµelementµto¡þ	šwhichµtheµPresentTimeCursorµpointsµisµtheµfirstµsignalµelement¡þ	ãcopied.¡þ
tTheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡,
ã² ¡þ
ãCALL´µRBCP(²!buffer² ,µ²!signal_array² ,µ²!n_elements² ,µ²!offset² ,µ²!status² )’p(D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-18¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³18¡þÉ²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡,`² ¡þ`rbcp(InPort(´µ²!port² µ),µ&²!signal_array² ,µ&²!n_elements² ,µ&²!offset² ,µ&²!status² )¡þd²
Arguments¡þÿ²²buffer´µ²¡XHspecifiesµtheµbufferµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµfromµwhichµyou¡Xwantµtoµcopyµsignalµelements.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;¡XÙaccessµisµread³only.¡þM²port²µ¡X•specifiesµtheµportµnumberµofµtheµinputµportµfromµwhichµyouµwant¡XÞtoµcopyµsignalµelements.µTheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þR²signal_array²µ¡Xšspecifiesµtheµarrayµintoµwhichµyouµwantµtoµcopyµtheµsignal¡Xãelements.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµINTEGERµorµREAL¡X+values;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongsµorµfloats;µaccessµis¡Xtwrite³only.¡þè²n_elements²µ¡X0specifiesµhowµmanyµsignalµelementsµtoµcopyµfromµtheµsignal¡Xybuffer.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;¡XÂaccessµisµread³only.¡þ	5²offset²µ¡X	~specifiesµtheµoffsetµtoµtheµrightµofµtheµPresentTimeCursor.µThe¡X	ÇFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X
read³only.¡þ
ƒ²status²µ¡X
ÌcontainsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³4;µthe¡XFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµwrite³only.’(ãD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-19¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³19¡,É²Table 7³4³RBCP´µStatusµValues¡þ9²¥	öä¡a²Value²¡f9¥	öä¡ƒa²Description²¡b9¡þµ¥	öä¡Õ²0Áã¡ÃÄþ‘e‘e’þ’þ‘Ç²¡fµ¥	öä¡ƒÕ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄf‘c‘c’f’f‘Ç²¡bµ¡þ!¥	öä¡A²81²¡f!¥	öä¡ƒA²Buf¤ÿÿferµnumberµisµlessµthanµ1.²¡b!¡þ¥	öä¡­²82²¡f¥	öä¡ƒ­²Buf¤ÿÿferµnumberµisµlargerµthanµtheµnumber¡ƒãallocated.²¡b¡þ)¥	öä¡I²83²¡f)¥	öä¡ƒI²Negativeµnumberµofµsignalµelements¡ƒrequested.²¡b)¡þÅ¥	öä¡å²84²¡fÅ¥	öä¡ƒå²Invalidµof¤ÿÿfset.²¡bÅ¡þ·²
Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡,/² C´µµµµµµ**getµnumberµofµbufferµconnectedµtoµthirdµinputµport¡,]µµµµµµµIBINµ=µIPARAM(JNBIN+3)¡,ŠCµµµµµµ**copyµLINµelementsµfromµthirdµinputµbuffer¡,¸µµµµµµµCALLµRBCP(IBIN,IH(JIN),LIN,-128,ISTAT)¡,æCµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,µµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,Aµµµµµ$µTHEN¡,oCµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,œµµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,ÊCµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,øµµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡,%µµµµµµµENDµIF’ã
D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-20¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³20¡þÉ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þN1.¡XNTheµbufferµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµtheµthird¡X”inputµportµofµtheµmodelµisµassignedµtoµtheµIBINµvariable.¡þ2.¡XAµcallµtoµRBCPµcopiesµ²LIN²µsignalµelementsµfromµtheµIBINµsignal¡XNbuffer,µtoµtheµ²IH²µINTEGERµarray,µstartingµatµ²IH(JIN)².¡XÂTheµfirstµsignalµelementµcopiedµisµ128µsignalµelementsµtoµtheµleft¡X	ofµtheµsignalµelementµtoµwhichµtheµPresentTimeCursorµpoints.¡XOTheµPresentTimeCursorµisµnotµmoved,µnorµareµanyµsignal¡X–elementsµremovedµfromµtheµsignalµbuffer.¡þ3.¡XBeforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡X_RBCPµsystemµcallµisµchecked.¡XÒIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµisµset,µandµexecutionµreturns¡Xtoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þœ4.¡XœForµanµ(I)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµanµINTEGERµarray.µFor¡Xâanµ(R)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµREALµarray.¡þµ²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þ3²/*´µsetµoffsetµ*/¡þganoffsetµ=µ-128;¡þ›/*µcopyµlinµelementsµfromµthirdµinputµportµ*/¡þÏrbcp(InPort(3),&ih[jin],&lin,µ&anoffset,µ&istat)¡þ	/*µcheckµreturnµstatusµ*/¡þ	7ExitOnError(-istat);’
MD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-21¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,Õ,¿¡Ä,¿	c¿¡Ä	c¿	cÕ¡Ä	cÕ,ÕÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ¿Ê¿ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³21¡þÉ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þQ1.¡XQAµcallµtoµ²rbcp²µcopies²µlin²µsignalµelementsµfromµtheµsignalµbufferµfor¡X—theµthirdµinputµport,µtoµtheµ²ih²µlongµarray,µstartingµatµ²ih[jin]².¡XTheµfirstµsignalµelementµcopiedµisµ128µsignalµelementsµtoµtheµleft¡XSofµtheµsignalµelementµtoµwhichµtheµPresentTimeCursorµpoints.¡XšTheµPresentTimeCursorµisµnotµmoved,µnorµareµanyµsignal¡Xáelementsµremovedµfromµtheµsignalµbuffer.¡þf2.¡XfBeforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡X­RBCPµsystemµcallµisµchecked.¡X"Ifµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµisµset,µandµexecutionµreturns¡Xitoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þî3.¡XîForµanµ(I)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµ²long²µarray.µForµanµ(R)¡X5typeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµ²float²µarray.¡þ²
²FRBITD²
³(Ring´µBufferµIncrementµTimeµandµDeallocate)¡þ²²A´µmodelµusesµRBITDµtoµmoveµtheµPresentTimeCursor,µlocatedµinµa¡þûsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµanµinputµport,µtoµtheµrightµaµdistanceµof¡þC²n_elements²µsignalµelements.µItµthenµremovesµallµsignalµelementsµto¡þŒtheµleftµofµtheµPresentTimeCursorµfromµtheµsignalµbuffer.¡þ	3TheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡þ	·²CALL´µRBITDµ(²buffer²,µ²n_elements²,µ²status²)¡þ
U²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡þ
Ù²rbitd(InPort(´µ²port²µ),µ&²n_elements²,µ&²status²)’MÎD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-22¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³22¡þÉ²Use´µtheµRBITDµRingBufferµcallµinµcombinationµwithµRBCP.µThe¡þnumberµofµsignalµelementsµremovedµfromµtheµsignalµbufferµisµusually¡þZlessµthanµorµequalµtoµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµcopiedµfromµthe¡þ£signalµbuffer.µIfµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµcopiedµandµremoved¡þìisµtheµsame,µuseµtheµRBRDµRingBufferµcall.¡þÐ²
Arguments¡þQ²²buffer²µ¡Xšspecifiesµtheµbufferµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµinµwhichµtoµmove¡XâtheµPresentTimeCursor,µandµfromµwhichµtoµremoveµtheµsignal¡X+elements.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµis¡Xtread³only.¡þÚ²port²µ¡X#specifiesµtheµportµnumberµofµtheµinputµport.µTheµCµtypeµisµlong;¡Xlaccessµisµread³only.¡þÒ²n_elementsµ²¡XspecifiesµhowµmanyµsignalµelementsµtheµPresentTimeCursor¡Xdmovesµtoµtheµright,µbeforeµdeletingµallµsignalµelementsµtoµtheµleft¡X¬ofµtheµPresentTimeCursor.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;¡XõtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ[²status²µ¡X¤containsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³5;µthe¡XíFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X	5write³only.’Î1D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-23¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³23¡,É²Table 7³5³RBITD´µStatusµValues¡þw²¥	öä¡Ÿ²Value²¡fw¥	öä¡ƒŸ²Description²¡bw¡þó¥	öä¡²0Áã¡ÃÄþÏeÏeÐþÐþÏÇ²¡fó¥	öä¡ƒ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄfÏcÏcÐfÐfÏÇ²¡bó¡þ_¥	öä¡²61²¡f_¥	öä¡ƒ²Buf¤ÿÿferµnumberµisµlessµthanµ1.²¡b_¡þË¥	öä¡ë²62²¡fË¥	öä¡ƒë²Buf¤ÿÿferµnumberµisµlargerµthanµtheµnumber¡ƒ!allocated.²¡bË¡þg¥	öä¡‡²63²¡fg¥	öä¡ƒ‡²Negativeµnumberµofµsignalµelements¡ƒ½requested.²¡bg¡þ¥	öä¡#²64²¡f¥	öä¡ƒ#²Invalidµof¤ÿÿfset.²¡b¡þ>²
Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡,þ² C´µµµµµµ**getµnumberµofµbufferµconnectedµtoµthirdµinputµport¡,,µµµµµµµIBINµ=µIPARAM(JNBIN+3)¡,YCµµµµµµ**copyµLINµelementsµfromµthirdµinputµbuffer¡,‡µµµµµµµCALLµRBCP(IBIN,IH(JIN),LIN,0,ISTAT)¡,µCµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,âµµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,µµµµµ$µTHEN¡,>Cµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,kµµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,™Cµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,ÇµµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡,ôµµµµµµµENDµIF¡,	"Cµµµµµµ**incrementµPresentTimeCursor,µdeallocateµbufferµ¡,	PCµµµµµµ**elements¡,	}µµµµµµµCALLµRBITD(IBIN,LIN-8,ISTAT)¡,	«Cµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,	ÙµµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,
µµµµµ$µTHEN¡,
4Cµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,
bµµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,
Cµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,
½µµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡,
ëµµµµµµµENDµIF’1“D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-24¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³24¡þÉ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þW1.¡XWTheµbufferµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµtheµthird¡Xžinputµportµofµtheµmodelµisµassignedµtoµtheµ²IBIN²µvariable.¡þ2.¡XAµcallµtoµRBCPµcopiesµ²LIN²µsignalµelementsµfromµtheµ²IBIN²µsignal¡X_bufferµtoµtheµ²IH²µINTEGERµarray,µstartingµatµ²IH(JIN)².¡XÙTheµfirstµsignalµelementµcopiedµisµtheµsignalµelementµtoµwhichµthe¡X PresentTimeCursorµpoints.µTheµPresentTimeCursorµisµnot¡Xfmoved,µnorµareµanyµsignalµelementsµremovedµfromµtheµsignal¡X­buffer.¡þ93.¡X9Beforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡X€RBCPµsystemµcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerror¡XÆcodeµisµset,µandµexecutionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogram¡Ximmediately.¡þ‡4.¡X‡AµcallµtoµRBITDµmovesµtheµPresentTimeCursorµtoµtheµright,µa¡XÎdistanceµofµ²LIN²-8µsignalµelements.¡þH5.¡XHAllµsignalµelementsµtoµtheµleftµofµtheµPresentTimeCursorµare¡Xremovedµfromµtheµsignalµbuffer.¡þ
6.¡X
Beforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡XPRBITDµsystemµcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerror¡X—codeµisµset,µandµexecutionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogram¡XÝimmediately.¡þ	zTheµlastµeightµsignalµelementsµcopiedµfromµtheµsignalµbufferµareµstill¡þ	Ãavailableµinµtheµsignalµbuffer.µYouµcanµcopyµthemµfromµtheµbuffer¡þ
again,µtheµnextµtimeµtheµmoduleµisµactivated.¡þ
š²S¡X
š²Forµanµ(I)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµanµINTEGERµarray.¡þ²S¡X²Forµanµ(R)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµREALµarray.’“ÇD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-25¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³25¡þÏ²=³²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡,c² /*´µsetµoffsetµ*/¡,‘anoffsetµ=µ0;¡,¾/*µcopyµlinµelementsµfromµtheµfirstµinputµportµ*/¡,ìrbcp(InPort(1),&ih[jin],&lin,&anoffset,&istat)¡,/*µcheckµreturnµstatusµ*/¡,GExitOnError(-istat);¡,u/*µincrementµPresentTimeCursorµandµdeallocateµelements¡,£µµµinµtheµsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµtheµfirstµinputµportµ*/¡,Ðanotheroffsetµ=µlinµ-µ8;¡,þrbitd(InPort(1),&anotheroffset,&istat)¡,,/*µcheckµreturnµstatusµ*/¡,YExitOnError(-istat);¡þõ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ•1.¡X•Aµcallµtoµ²rbcp²µcopiesµ²lin²µsignalµelementsµfromµtheµsignalµbufferµfor¡XÜtheµfirstµinputµport,µtoµtheµ²ih²µlongµarray,µstartingµatµ²ih[jin]².¡XdTheµfirstµsignalµelementµcopiedµisµtheµsignalµelementµtoµwhichµthe¡XªPresentTimeCursorµpoints.µTheµPresentTimeCursorµisµnot¡Xñmoved,µnorµareµanyµsignalµelementsµremovedµfromµtheµsignal¡X7buffer.¡þÕ2.¡XÕBeforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡X²rbcp²µsystemµcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcode¡Xbisµset,µandµexecutionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þê3.¡XêAµcallµtoµ²rbitd²µmovesµtheµPresentTimeCursorµtoµtheµrightµa¡X	1distanceµofµ²lin²-8µsignalµelements.¡þ	¹4.¡X	¹AllµsignalµelementsµtoµtheµleftµofµtheµPresentTimeCursorµare¡X	ÿremovedµfromµtheµsignalµbuffer.¡þ
‡5.¡X
‡Beforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe²¡X
Îrbitd²µsystemµcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcode¡Xisµset,µandµexecutionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.’ÇäD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-26¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,¤,Ž¡Ä,Ž	cŽ¡Ä	cŽ	c¤¡Ä	c¤,¤ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþŽÊŽÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³26¡þÉ²The´µlastµeightµsignalµelementsµcopiedµfromµtheµsignalµbuffer,µareµstill¡þavailableµinµtheµsignalµbuffer.µYouµcanµcopyµthemµfromµtheµbuffer¡þZagain,µtheµnextµtimeµtheµmoduleµisµactivated.¡þÍ²S¡XÍ²Forµanµ(I)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµ²long²µarray.¡þ3²S¡X3²Forµanµ(R)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµ²float²µarray.¡þÞ²
²FRBIT²
³(Ring´µBufferµIncrementµTime)¡þc²A´µmodelµusesµRBITµtoµmoveµtheµPresentTimeCursorµinµaµsignal¡þ«bufferµconnectedµtoµoneµofµitsµinputµports,µbyµaµdistanceµof¡þô²n_elements²µsignalµelementsµtoµtheµright.¡þ|TheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡þë²CALL´µRBIT(²buffer²,µ²n_elements²,µ²status²)¡þx²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡þç²rbit(InPort(´µ²port²µ),µ&²n_elements²,µ&²status²)¡þ¤²
Arguments¡þ²²buffer²´µ¡X\specifiesµtheµbufferµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµinµwhichµtoµmove¡X¥theµPresentTimeCursor.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;¡Xîaccessµisµread³only.¡þ	K²portµ²¡X	”specifiesµtheµportµnumberµofµtheµinputµport.µTheµCµtypeµisµlong;¡X	Ýaccessµisµread³only.¡þ
:²n_elements²µ¡X
ƒspecifiesµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµbyµwhichµtoµmoveµthe¡X
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ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³27¡þÉ²²status²´µ¡XcontainsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³6;µthe¡XZFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X£write³only.¡,0²Table 7³6³RBITµStatusµValues¡þœ²¥	öä¡Ä²Value²¡.œ¥	öä¡KÄ²Description²¡*œ¡þ¥	öä¡8²0Áã¡ÃÄþô-ô-õþõþôÇ²¡.¥	öä¡K8²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ.ô+ô+õ.õ.ôÇ²¡*¡þ„¥	öä¡¤²61²¡.„¥	öä¡K¤²Buf¤ÿÿferµnumberµisµlessµthanµ1.²¡*„¡þð¥	öä¡²62²¡.ð¥	öä¡K²Buf¤ÿÿferµnumberµisµlargerµthanµtheµnumber¡KFallocated.²¡*ð¡þŒ¥	öä¡¬²63²¡.Œ¥	öä¡K¬²Negativeµnumberµofµsignalµelements¡Kârequested.²¡*Œ¡þ(¥	öä¡H²64²¡.(¥	öä¡KH²Requestedµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµis¡K~greaterµthanµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµto¡K´theµrightµofµtheµPresentT¤ÿþimeCursor¤ÿý.²¡*(¡þê²
Examples¡þ‚²For´µexamples,µseeµtheµexamplesµinµtheµ²RBDEA²µsectionµthatµfollows.¡þ	Z²
²FRBDEA²
³(Ring´µBufferµDeallocate)¡þ	ò²A´µmodelµusesµRBDEAµtoµdeleteµsignalµelementsµfromµaµsignalµbuffer¡þ
:connectedµtoµoneµofµitsµinputµports.µAllµsignalµelementsµtoµtheµleftµof¡þ
ƒtheµsignalµelementµ²offset²µareµremovedµfromµtheµsignalµbuffer,µwhere¡þ
Ìtheµ²offset²µisµmeasuredµasµsignalµelementsµtoµtheµleftµofµthe¡þPresentTimeCursor.’{"D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-28¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³28¡þÉ²The´µFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡þH²CALL´µRBDEA(²buffer²,µ²offset²,µ²status²)¡þâ²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡þa²rbdea(InPort(´µ²port²µ),µ&²offset²,µ&²status²)¡þû²Use´µtheµRBDEAµRingBufferµcallµinµcombinationµwithµRBCPµand¡þCRBITµRingBufferµcalls.µTheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµremoved¡þŒfromµtheµsignalµbufferµisµusuallyµsmallerµthanµorµequalµtoµtheµnumber¡þÕofµsignalµelementsµcopiedµfromµtheµsignalµbuffer.µIfµtheµnumberµof¡þsignalµelementsµcopiedµandµdeletedµisµtheµsame,µuseµtheµRBRD¡þfRingBufferµcallµinstead.¡þE²
Arguments¡þÄ²²buffer²µ¡Xspecifiesµtheµbufferµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµfromµwhichµto¡XVdeleteµtheµsignalµelements.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;¡Xžaccessµisµread³only.¡þ²portµ²¡XMspecifiesµtheµportµnumberµofµtheµinputµport.µTheµCµtypeµisµlong;¡X•accessµisµread³only.¡þû²offset²µ¡X	CspecifiesµtheµoffsetµtoµtheµleftµofµtheµPresentTimeCursor.µThe¡X	ŒFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X	Õread³only.¡þ
:²status²µ¡X
ƒcontainsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³7;µthe¡X
ÌFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xwrite³only.’"·D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-29¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³29¡,É²Table 7³7³RBDEA´µStatusµValues¡þ@²¥	öä¡h²Value²¡@¥	öä¡2h²Description²¡@¡þ¼¥	öä¡Ü²0Áã¡ÃÄþ˜˜™þ™þ˜Ç²¡¼¥	öä¡2Ü²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ˜˜™™˜Ç²¡¼¡þ(¥	öä¡H²71²¡(¥	öä¡2H²Buf¤ÿÿferµnumberµisµlessµthanµ1.²¡(¡þ”¥	öä¡´²72²¡”¥	öä¡2´²Buf¤ÿÿferµnumberµisµlargerµthanµtheµnumber¡2êallocated.²¡”¡þ0¥	öä¡P²73²¡0¥	öä¡2P²Negativeµof¤ÿÿfsetµrequested.²¡0¡þœ¥	öä¡¼²74²¡œ¥	öä¡2¼²Of¤ÿÿfsetµgreaterµthanµnumberµofµsignalµelements¡2òtoµleftµofµPresentT¤ÿþimeCursor¤ÿý.²¡œ¡þQ²
Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡,Ð² C´µµµµµµ**getµnumberµofµbufferµconnectedµtoµsecondµinputµport¡,þµµµµµµµIBINµ=µIPARAM(JNBINµ+2)¡,,Cµµµµµµ**copyµLINµelementsµfromµsecondµinputµbuffer¡,YµµµµµµµCALLµRBCP(IBIN,RH(JIN),LIN,0,ISTAT)¡,‡Cµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,µµµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,âµµµµµ$µTHEN¡,Cµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,>µµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,kCµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,™µµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡,ÇµµµµµµµENDµIF¡,ôCµµµµµµ**incrementµPresentTimeCursor¡,	"µµµµµµµCALLµRBIT(IBIN,LIN-8,ISTAT)¡,	PCµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,	}µµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,	«µµµµµ$µTHEN¡,	ÙCµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,
µµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,
4Cµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,
bµµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡,
µµµµµµµENDµIF¡,
½Cµµµµµµ**deallocateµelementsµfromµbuffer¡,
ëµµµµµµµCALLµRBDEA(IBIN,LIN,0,ISTAT)¡,Cµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus’·×D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-30¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³30¡,½² ´µµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,êµµµµµ$µTHEN¡,Cµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,FµµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,sCµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,¡µµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡,ÏµµµµµµµENDµIF¡þf²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þî1.¡XîTheµbufferµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµtheµsecond¡X5inputµportµofµtheµmodelµisµassignedµtoµtheµIBINµvariable.¡þ«2.¡X«AµcallµtoµRBCPµcopiesµ²LIN²µsignalµelementsµfromµtheµ²IBINµ²signal¡Xñbufferµtoµtheµ²RH²µREALµarray,µstartingµatµ²RH(JIN)².¡XgTheµfirstµsignalµelementµcopiedµisµtheµsignalµelementµtoµwhichµthe¡X®PresentTimeCursorµpoints.µTheµPresentTimeCursorµisµnot¡Xômoved,µnorµareµanyµsignalµelementsµremovedµfromµtheµsignal¡X;buffer.¡þÁ3.¡XÁBeforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡XRBCPµsystemµcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerror¡XNcodeµisµset,µandµexecutionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogram¡X•immediately.¡þ4.¡XAµcallµtoµRBITµmovesµtheµPresentTimeCursorµtoµtheµrightµbyµa¡XQdistanceµofµ²LIN²-8µsignalµelements.¡þÇ5.¡XÇBeforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡X	RBITµsystemµcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcode¡X	Tisµset,µandµexecutionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þ	Ë6.¡X	ËAµcallµtoµRBDEAµremovesµallµsignalµelementsµtoµtheµleftµofµthe¡X
PresentTimeCursor,µfromµtheµsignalµbuffer.¡þ
‡7.¡X
‡Beforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡X
ÎRBITµsystemµcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcode¡Xisµset,µandµexecutionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.’×bD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-31¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³31¡þÉ²The´µlastµeightµsignalµelementsµcopiedµfromµtheµsignalµbufferµareµstill¡þavailableµinµtheµsignalµbuffer.µYouµcanµcopyµfromµtheµbufferµagain,¡þZtheµnextµtimeµtheµmoduleµisµactivated.¡þß²S¡Xß²Forµanµ(I)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµanµINTEGERµarray.¡þS²S¡XS²Forµanµ(R)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµREALµarray.¡þ&²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þ¤²/*´µcopyµlinµelementsµfromµsecondµinputµportµ*/¡þØanoffsetµ=µ0;¡þrbcp(InPort(2),&rh[jin],&lin,&anoffset,&istat)¡þ?/*µcheckµreturnµstatusµ*/¡þsExitOnError(-istat);¡þ§/*µincrementµPresentTimeCursorµ*/¡þÛincrementµ=µlinµ-8;¡þrbit(InPort(2),&increment,&istat);¡þC/*µcheckµreturnµstatusµ*/¡þwExitOnError(-istat);¡þ«/*µdeallocateµelementsµ*/¡þÞrbdea(InPort(2),&lin,&anoffset,&istat);¡þ/*µcheckµreturnµstatusµ*/¡þFExitOnError(-istat);¡þØ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ]1.¡X]Aµcallµtoµ²rbcp²µcopiesµ²lin²µsignalµelementsµfromµtheµIBINµsignal¡X£bufferµtoµtheµ²rh²µREALµarray,µstartingµatµ²rh[jin]².¡X	Theµfirstµsignalµelementµcopiedµisµtheµsignalµelementµtoµwhichµthe¡X	^PresentTimeCursorµpoints.µTheµPresentTimeCursorµisµnot¡X	¤moved,µnorµareµanyµsignalµelementsµremovedµfromµtheµsignal¡X	ëbuffer.’bkD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-32¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³32¡þÉ²2.¡XÉBefore´µanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡X²rbcp²µsystemµcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcode¡XVisµset,µandµexecutionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þÊ3.¡XÊAµcallµtoµ²rbit²µmovesµtheµPresentTimeCursorµtoµtheµrightµbyµa¡Xdistanceµofµ²lin²-8µsignalµelements.¡þ„4.¡X„Beforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡XË²rbit²µsystemµcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµis¡Xset,µandµexecutionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þ…5.¡X…Aµcallµtoµ²rbdea²µremovesµallµsignalµelementsµtoµtheµleftµofµthe¡XËPresentTimeCursor,µfromµtheµsignalµbuffer.¡þ?6.¡X?Beforeµanyµfurtherµprocessingµisµdone,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµthe¡X…²rbit²µsystemµcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµis¡XÌset,µandµexecutionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þTheµlastµeightµsignalµelementsµcopiedµfromµtheµsignalµbufferµareµstill¡þØavailableµinµtheµsignalµbuffer.µYouµcanµcopyµfromµtheµbufferµagain,¡þ!theµnextµtimeµtheµmoduleµisµactivated.¡þ¥²S¡X¥²Forµanµ(I)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµ²long²µarray.¡þ²S¡X²Forµanµ(R)µtypeµCOSSAPµinputµport,µuseµaµ²float²µarray.’kïD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-33¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³33¡,Õ²System´µCallsµtoµSave/RestoreµModelµState¡þ”²In´µtheµsignalµprocessingµphase,µeachµmodelµmayµbeµactivated¡þÝseveralµtimes.µModelsµthatµuseµmemoryµtoµimplementµanµalgorithm,¡þ%mustµrestoreµtheirµinternalµstateµeachµtimeµtheyµareµactivated,µsoµthat¡þncomputationsµcontinueµcorrectly.¡þAµsimpleµexampleµisµaµmodelµthatµgeneratesµaµtriangularµsignal.µTo¡þYcomputeµtheµvalueµofµaµsignalµelement,µtheµvalueµofµtheµprevious¡þ¢signalµelementµmustµbeµknown.µTheµvalueµofµtheµpreviousµsignal¡þëelementµrepresentsµtheµinternalµstateµofµtheµmodel.µEachµtimeµthe¡þ3modelµisµactivated,µtheµinternalµstateµmustµbeµavailable,µsoµthatµthe¡þ|valueµofµtheµnextµsignalµelementµcanµbeµcorrectlyµcomputed.¡þ²S¡X²TheµVSAVµsystemµcallµstoresµtheµmodelµstateµinµtheµ²saveµarea²µof¡XGmemory.¡þ»²S¡X»²TheµVGETµsystemµcallµretrievesµtheµstateµfromµthisµ²saveµarea².¡þLIfµaµmodelµmustµmaintainµanµinternalµstate,µuseµtheµsaveµareasµinto¡þ•whichµtheµdataµofµtheµinternalµstateµareµstored,µandµfromµwhichµdata¡þÞisµretrieved.¡þ€Theµservicesµdescribedµinµthisµsectionµareµavailableµtoµthe¡þÉprogrammerµofµaµnewµprimitiveµmodel.µTheµobjectµcodeµforµall¡þ	servicesµisµstoredµinµtheµvsgc.aµarchiveµfileµinµtheµ$COSSAP_DIR/lib¡þ	Zdirectory.’ïÁD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-34¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³34¡þÏ²
²FVSAV²
³(Vector´µSave)¡þ“²A´µmodelµusesµVSAVµtoµsaveµanµarrayµorµsubarrayµofµdataµelements¡þÛinµaµsaveµarea.µ²n_elements²µdataµelementsµinµthe²µdata_array²µarrayµor¡þ$subarray,µareµcopiedµtoµtheµ²save_area².¡þìTheµcallingµsequenceµinµFORTRAN77µis¡,² ¡þCALL´µVSAV(²!MSEQN² ,µ²!data_array² ,µ²!n_elements² ,µ²!save_area² ,µ²!status² )¡þ(²The´µcallingµsequenceµinµCµis¡,½² ¡þ½vsav(&²!mseqn² ,´µ&²!data_array² ,µ&²!n_elements² ,µ&²!save_area² ,µ&²!status² )¡þ¾²
Arguments¡þX²²MSEQN´µ(FORTRAN)µorµmseqnµ(C)²µ¡X¡specifiesµtheµmodelµsequenceµnumber.µYouµmustµuseµthis¡Xésystemµvariableµforµthisµargument.TheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡X2INTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ¥²data_array²µ¡Xíspecifiesµtheµarrayµorµsubarrayµfromµwhichµtoµcopyµdataµelements¡X	6intoµtheµ²save_area².µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµINTEGER¡X	orµREALµvalues;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongsµorµfloats;µaccess¡X	Çisµread³only.¡þ
:²n_elements²µ¡X
ƒspecifiesµhowµmanyµdataµelementsµtoµcopyµfromµtheµ²data_array¡X
Ì²arrayµorµsubarray,µintoµtheµ²save_area².µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡XINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.’Á‘D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-35¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³35¡þÉ²²save_area´µ²¡Xspecifiesµtheµsaveµareaµintoµwhichµyouµwantµtoµcopyµdata¡XZelements.µTheµsaveµareaµnumberµmustµbeµuniqueµwithinµthe¡X£currentµprimitiveµmodel.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµC¡Xìtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þU²statusµ²¡XžcontainsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³8;µthe¡XçFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X/write³only.¡,Ê²Table 7³8³VSAVµStatusµValues¡þ@²¥	öä¡h²Value²¡*@¥	öä¡Gh²Description²¡&@¡þ¼¥	öä¡Ü²0Áã¡ÃÄþ˜)˜)™þ™þ˜Ç²¡*¼¥	öä¡GÜ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*˜'˜'™*™*˜Ç²¡&¼¡þ(¥	öä¡H²91²¡*(¥	öä¡GH²Numberµofµelementsµisµtooµlarge.²¡&(¡þ”¥	öä¡´²92²¡*”¥	öä¡G´²Maximumµnumberµofµentriesµexceeded.²¡&”¡þ¥	öä¡ ²93²¡*¥	öä¡G ²SaveµAreaµspaceµexhausted.²¡&¡þ²
Example´µofµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡þ	²C´µµµµµµ**saveµstateµofµmodelµinµsaveµareaµ1¡þ	9µµµµµµµCALLµVSAV(MSEQN,RH(JZ),LZ,1,ISTAT)¡þ	mCµµµµµµ**checkµstatus¡þ	¡µµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡þ	Õµµµµµ$µTHEN¡þ
	Cµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡þ
=µµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡þ
qµµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡þ
¥µµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡þ
ÙµµµµµµµENDµIF’‘<D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-36¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³36¡þÉ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þN1.¡XNAµmodelµsavesµ²LZ²µelementsµfromµtheµ²RHµ²array,µstartingµat¡X”²RH(JZ)²,µtoµtheµ²1²µsaveµarea.¡þ2.¡XBeforeµfurtherµprocessing,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµtheµVSAV¡XNsystemµcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµisµset,¡X•andµexecutionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þ	3.¡X	AµmodelµcanµlaterµcallµVSAVµtoµretrieveµtheseµelements,µusually¡XOatµtheµnextµactivationµofµtheµmodel.¡þ"²
Example´µofµCµSourceµCode¡þ ²/*´µsaveµstateµofµmodelµinµsaveµareaµ1*µ/¡þÔaSaveAreaµ=µ1;¡þvsav(&mseqn,&rh[jz],&lz,&aSaveArea,&istat);¡þ<µ/*µcheckµstatusµ*/¡þpExitOnError(-istat);¡þ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ1.¡XAµmodelµsavesµ²lz²µelementsµfromµtheµ²rhµ²array,µstartingµatµ²rh[jz]²,µto¡XÖtheµ²1²µsaveµarea.¡þJ2.¡XJBeforeµfurtherµprocessing,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµtheµ²vsav²¡Xsystemµcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµisµset,¡X×andµexecutionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þ	J3.¡X	JAµmodelµcanµlaterµcallµ²vsav²µtoµretrieveµtheseµelements,µusuallyµat¡X	‘theµnextµactivationµofµtheµmodel.’<$D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-37¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³37¡þÏ²
²FVGET²
³(Vector´µGet)¡þ|²A´µmodelµusesµVGETµtoµretrieveµanµarrayµorµsubarrayµofµdata¡þÅelementsµthatµVSAVµpreviouslyµsavedµinµaµsaveµarea.µAllµdata¡þelementsµinµtheµ²save_area²µareµcopiedµtoµthe²µdata_array²µarrayµor¡þVsubarray.²µn_elements²µreturnsµtheµnumberµofµdataµelementsµcopied¡þŸfromµtheµsaveµareaµtoµtheµarrayµorµsubarray.¡þOTheµcallingµsequenceµinµFORTRAN77µis¡,Õ² ¡þÕCALL´µVGET(²!MSEQN² ,µ²!data_array² ,µ²!n_elements² ,µ²!save_area² ,µ²!status² )¡þp²The´µcallingµsequenceµinµCµis¡,ö² ¡þövget(&²!mseqn² ,´µ&²!data_array² ,µ&²!n_element² s,µ&²!save_area² ,µ&²!status² )¡þÜ²
Arguments¡þg²²MSEQN´µ(FORTRAN)µorµmseqnµ(C)µ²¡X°specifiesµtheµmodelµsequenceµnumber.µYouµmustµuseµthis¡Xøsystemµvariableµforµthisµargument.TheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡XAINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ¬²data_array²µ¡Xõspecifiesµtheµarrayµorµsubarrayµfromµwhichµtoµcopyµdata¡X	>elements.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµINTEGERµorµREAL¡X	†values;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongsµorµfloats;µaccessµis¡X	Ïwrite³only.¡þ
:²n_elements²µ¡X
ƒspecifiesµhowµmanyµdataµelementsµtoµcopyµfromµtheµsave_area,¡X
Ìintoµtheµdata_arrayµarrayµorµsubarray.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡XINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµwrite³only.’$ÐD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-38¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³38¡þÉ²²save_area´µ²¡Xspecifiesµtheµsaveµareaµfromµwhichµtoµcopyµdataµelements.µThe¡XZsaveµareaµnumberµmustµbeµuniqueµwithinµtheµcurrentµprimitive¡X£model.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;¡Xìaccessµisµread³only.¡þR²statusµ²¡X›containsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³9;µthe¡XäFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X,write³only.¡,À²Table 7³9³VGETµStatusµValues¡þ0²¥	öä¡X²Value²¡*0¥	öä¡GX²Description²¡&0¡þ¬¥	öä¡Ì²0Áã¡ÃÄþˆ)ˆ)‰þ‰þˆÇ²¡*¬¥	öä¡GÌ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*ˆ'ˆ'‰*‰*ˆÇ²¡&¬¡þ¥	öä¡8²101²¡*¥	öä¡G8²SaveµAreaµdoesµnotµexist.²¡&¡þ‚²
Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡þ²C´µµµµµµ**getµstateµofµmodelµfromµsaveµareaµ1¡þ4µµµµµµµCALLµVGET(MSEQN,RH(JZ),LZ,1,ISTAT)¡þhCµµµµµµ**checkµstatus¡þœµµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡þÏµµµµµ$µTHEN¡þ	Cµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡þ	7µµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡þ	kµµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡þ	ŸµµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡þ	ÓµµµµµµµENDµIF’Ð‚D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-39¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³39¡þÉ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þN1.¡XNAµmodelµretrievesµallµdataµelementsµthatµVSAVµpreviouslyµsaved¡X”toµtheµ²1²µsaveµarea,µintoµtheµ²RH²µarray,µstartingµatµ²RH(JZ)².¡þ2.¡X²LZ²µreturnsµtheµnumberµofµdataµelementsµcopiedµfromµtheµ²1²µsave¡XNareaµtoµtheµ²RH²µarray.¡þÂ3.¡XÂBeforeµfurtherµprocessing,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµtheµVGET¡X	systemµcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµisµset,¡XOandµexecutionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.¡þ"²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þ ²/*´µgetµstateµofµmoduleµfromµsaveµareaµ1µ*/¡þÔaSaveAreaµ=µ1;¡þvget(&mseqn,&rh[jz],&lz,&aSaveArea,&istat)¡þ</*µcheckµstatusµ*/¡þpExitOnError(-istat);¡þ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ1.¡XAµmodelµretrievesµallµdataµelementsµthatµ²vsav²µpreviouslyµsaved¡XÖtoµtheµ²1²µsaveµarea,µintoµtheµ²rh²µarray,µstartingµatµ²rh[jz]².¡þJ2.¡XJ²lz²µreturnsµtheµnumberµofµdataµelementsµcopiedµfromµtheµ²1²µsave¡Xareaµtoµtheµ²rh²µarray.¡þ	3.¡X	Beforeµfurtherµprocessing,µtheµreturnedµstatusµofµtheµ²vget²µsystem¡X	Jcallµisµchecked.µIfµtheµstatusµisµnotµ0,µanµerrorµcodeµisµset,µand¡X	‘executionµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogramµimmediately.’‚iD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-40¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,v,`¡Ä,`	c`¡Ä	c`	cv¡Ä	cv,vÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ`Ê`ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³40¡,Õ²System´µCallsµtoµReadµandµWriteµDatasetµDataµFiles¡þÇ²Models´µcanµuseµdatasetsµtoµreadµdataµelementsµfromµandµwriteµthem¡þtoµfiles.µAµ²dataset²µisµanµabstractionµthatµhidesµtheµdetailsµofµfileµinput¡þXandµoutputµwhenµyouµprogramµaµmodel.µAµmodelµreadsµdata¡þ¡elementsµfrom,µorµwritesµthemµto,µdatasets.¡þjEachµdataµfileµassociatedµwithµanµinputµorµoutputµdatasetµcontains¡þ²oneµorµmoreµ²records².µEachµrecordµcontainsµaµfixedµorµvariable¡þûnumberµofµdataµelements.µSeeµtheµdescriptionsµofµinputµandµoutput¡þDdatasetsµandµfileµformatsµinµtheµ²COSSAPµDataµFileµInterfaceµUser¡þŒGuide².¡þ°²
Data´µFilesµforµInputµDatasets¡þu²If´µeitherµtheµnumberµofµdataµitemsµtoµdefineµtheµmodelµisµvariable,µor¡þ¾aµlargeµamountµofµdataµisµrequired,µuseµanµinputµdatasetµ(insteadµof¡þoneµorµmoreµparameters)µtoµconfigureµaµmodel.µAµmodelµcanµhave¡þOanµarbitraryµbutµfixedµnumberµofµinputµdatasets.µTheµdataµfileµofµan¡þ˜inputµdatasetµisµeitherµ²implicit²µorµ²explicit²,µdependingµonµwhetherµa¡þàcopyµofµtheµdataµfileµisµgeneratedµbeforeµsimulationµexecutionµstarts.¡þ	©Inµanµ²implicit²µdataset,µaµcopyµofµtheµinputµdatasetµfileµisµmade,µand¡þ	òCOSSAPµautomaticallyµgeneratesµaµnameµforµthisµcopy.µWhenµa¡þ
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Ìthisµoptionµforµrelativelyµsmallµdatasetsµ(lessµthanµapproximately¡þ2000µvalues)µandµforµsimulationsµwithµlongµexecutionµtimes.’iD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-41¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,t,^¡Ä,^	c^¡Ä	c^	ct¡Ä	ct,tÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ^Ê^ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³41¡þÉ²In´µanµ²explicit²µdataset,µtheµdataµfileµisµreadµfromµtheµoriginalµdiskµfile¡þwhenµtheµsimulationµruns.µUseµthisµoptionµifµtheµamountµofµdataµis¡þZrelativelyµlarge,µforµexample,µifµtheµdataµfileµcontainsµsamplesµofµa¡þ£measuredµreal³worldµsignal.µIfµyouµuseµexplicitµdataµfiles,µdoµnot¡þìmodifyµorµremoveµtheµdataµfilesµuntilµtheµsimulationµthatµreadsµfrom¡þ4thisµdataµfileµisµcompleted.¡þûWhenµyouµprogramµaµmodel,µyouµdoµnotµseeµanyµdifferenceµbetween¡þDexplicitµandµimplicitµinputµdataµfiles.µTheµmethodµusedµtoµaccessµdata¡þelementsµdoesµnotµappearµinµtheµprogrammingµinterface.¡þ®²
Data´µFilesµforµOutputµDatasets¡þq²Each´µoutputµdatasetµisµstoredµinµaµseparateµdataµfile,µwhichµisµeither¡þº²implicit²µorµ²explicit²,µdependingµonµtheµmethodµyouµuseµtoµassignµthe¡þfileµname.µFileµnamesµcanµbeµcreatedµautomaticallyµ(implicit),µor¡þKmanuallyµ(explicit).µThereµisµnoµdifferenceµbetweenµanµimplicitµand¡þ”anµexplicitµdataµfileµotherµthanµtheµmethodµusedµtoµspecifyµitsµfile¡þÝname.¡þz²S¡Xz²ToµuseµtheµdataµforµgraphicalµdisplayµinµtheµCOSSAPµxchartµtool,¡XÀuseµanµ²implicit²µname,µwhichµisµtheµdefaultµsetting.¡þ	F²S¡X	F²Toµuseµtheµdataµfileµofµtheµoutputµdatasetµasµinputµfor¡X	Œconsecutiveµsimulations,µorµforµusingµtoolsµotherµthanµthe¡X	ÓCOSSAPµBlockµDiagramµEditor,µuseµanµ²explicit²µfileµname.¡þ
ƒTable 7³10µlistsµtheµavailableµservicesµforµprogrammingµaµnew¡þ
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Arguments¡þ²²input_dataset_number´µ²¡XTisµaµglobalµidentificationµnumberµforµtheµinputµdataset.µThe¡XFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ²dataset²µ¡XLisµtheµnumberµofµtheµinputµdataset.µTheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X”read³only.¡þú²data_array²µ¡X	Cspecifiesµtheµarrayµorµsubarrayµtoµwhichµtheµdataµelementsµinµthe¡X	Œinputµdatasetµareµtransferred.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµanµarrayµof¡X	ÔINTEGERs;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongs;µaccessµisµwrite³only.¡þ
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ÌFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xread³only.’QD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-44¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³44¡þÉ²²n_elements´µ²¡Xspecifiesµhowµmanyµdataµelementsµhaveµbeenµtransferredµfrom¡XZtheµinputµdatasetµtoµtheµ²data_array²µarrayµorµsubarray.µThe¡X£FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xìwrite³only.¡þ\²status²µ¡X¥containsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³11;¡XítheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X6write³only.¡,â²Table 7³11³DINBBµStatusµValues¡þd²¥	öä¡Œ²Value²¡*d¥	öä¡GŒ²Description²¡&d¡þà¥	öä¡²0Áã¡ÃÄþ¼)¼)½þ½þ¼Ç²¡*à¥	öä¡G²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*¼'¼'½*½*¼Ç²¡&à¡þL¥	öä¡l²401²¡*L¥	öä¡Gl²Identificationµnumberµnotµfound.²¡&L¡þ¸¥	öä¡Ø²403²¡*¸¥	öä¡GØ²Errorµonµretrievingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&¸¡þ$¥	öä¡D²404²¡*$¥	öä¡GD²Errorµonµreleasingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&$¡þ¥	öä¡°²405²¡*¥	öä¡G°²Errorµonµfileµopen.²¡&¡þü¥	öä¡²406²¡*ü¥	öä¡G²Errorµonµfileµclose.²¡&ü¡þh¥	öä¡ˆ²407²¡*h¥	öä¡Gˆ²Input/Outputµerror¤ÿý.²¡&h¡þÔ¥	öä¡ô²408²¡*Ô¥	öä¡Gô²Endµofµfile.²¡&Ô¡þ	@¥	öä¡	`²409²¡*	@¥	öä¡G	`²Invalidµdataµtype.²¡&	@¡þ
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Arguments¡þÍ²²input_dataset_number´µ²¡Xaµglobalµidentificationµnumberµforµtheµinputµdataset.µThe¡X^FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þÅ²datasetµ²¡Xtheµnumberµofµtheµinputµdataset.µTheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡XVread³only.¡þ½²data_arrayµ²¡X	specifiesµtheµarrayµorµsubarrayµtoµwhichµtheµdataµelementsµinµthe¡X	Ninputµdatasetµareµtransferred.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµanµarrayµof¡X	—INTEGERs;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongs;µaccessµisµwrite³only.’D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-46¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³46¡þÉ²²n_elements²´µ¡Xspecifiesµhowµmanyµdataµelementsµhaveµbeenµtransferredµfrom¡XZtheµinputµdatasetµtoµtheµ²data_array²µarrayµorµsubarray.µThe¡X£FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xìwrite³only.¡þR²status²µ¡X›containsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³12;¡XätheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X,write³only.¡,À²Table 7³12³DINBIµStatusµValues¡þ0²¥	öä¡X²Value²¡*0¥	öä¡GX²Description²¡&0¡þ¬¥	öä¡Ì²0Áã¡ÃÄþˆ)ˆ)‰þ‰þˆÇ²¡*¬¥	öä¡GÌ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*ˆ'ˆ'‰*‰*ˆÇ²¡&¬¡þ¥	öä¡8²281²¡*¥	öä¡G8²Identificationµnumberµnotµfound.²¡&¡þ„¥	öä¡¤²283²¡*„¥	öä¡G¤²Errorµonµretrievingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&„¡þð¥	öä¡²284²¡*ð¥	öä¡G²Errorµonµreleasingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&ð¡þ\¥	öä¡|²285²¡*\¥	öä¡G|²Errorµonµfileµopen.²¡&\¡þÈ¥	öä¡è²286²¡*È¥	öä¡Gè²Errorµonµfileµclose.²¡&È¡þ4¥	öä¡T²287²¡*4¥	öä¡GT²Input/Outputµerror¤ÿý.²¡&4¡þ ¥	öä¡À²288²¡* ¥	öä¡GÀ²Endµofµfile.²¡& ¡þ	¥	öä¡	,²289²¡*	¥	öä¡G	,²Invalidµdataµtype.²¡&	¡þ
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²FDINBR²
³(Data´µInputµRecord³OrientedµReal)¡þn²A´µmodelµusesµ²DINBR²µtoµtransferµoneµrecordµofµFORTRAN77µ²REAL²¡þ¶orµCµ²float²µdataµelementsµfromµanµinputµdataset,µtoµanµarrayµor¡þÿsubarray.µ²n_elements²µreturnsµtheµnumberµofµtransferredµdata¡þHelements.¡þêTheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡,f² ´µµ¡þfCALLµDINBRµ(²!input_dataset_number² ,µ²!data_array² ,µ²!n_elements² ,µ²!status² )¡þú²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡,v² ´µµ¡þvdinbrµ(InputDataSet(µ²!dataset² µ),µ&²!data_array² ,µ&²!n_elements² ,µ&²!status² )¡þL²
Arguments¡þÍ²²input_dataset_number´µ²¡Xaµglobalµidentificationµnumberµforµtheµinputµdataset.µThe¡X^FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þÅ²datasetµ²¡Xtheµnumberµofµtheµinputµdataset.µTheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡XVread³only.¡þ½²data_arrayµ²¡X	specifiesµtheµarrayµorµsubarrayµtoµwhichµtheµdataµelementsµinµthe¡X	Ninputµdatasetµareµtransferred.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµanµarrayµof¡X	—REALµvalues;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµfloats;µaccessµis¡X	àwrite³only.’%ÀD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-48¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³48¡þÉ²²n_elements²´µ¡Xspecifiesµhowµmanyµdataµelementsµhaveµbeenµtransferredµfrom¡XZtheµinputµdatasetµtoµtheµ²data_array²µarrayµorµsubarray.µThe¡X£FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xìwrite³only.¡þR²status²µ¡X›containsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³13;¡XätheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X,write³only.¡,À²Table 7³13³DINBRµStatusµValues¡þ0²¥	öä¡X²Value²¡*0¥	öä¡GX²Description²¡&0¡þ¬¥	öä¡Ì²0Áã¡ÃÄþˆ)ˆ)‰þ‰þˆÇ²¡*¬¥	öä¡GÌ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*ˆ'ˆ'‰*‰*ˆÇ²¡&¬¡þ¥	öä¡8²261²¡*¥	öä¡G8²Identificationµnumberµnotµfound.²¡&¡þ„¥	öä¡¤²263²¡*„¥	öä¡G¤²Errorµonµretrievingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&„¡þð¥	öä¡²264²¡*ð¥	öä¡G²Errorµonµreleasingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&ð¡þ\¥	öä¡|²265²¡*\¥	öä¡G|²Errorµonµfileµopen.²¡&\¡þÈ¥	öä¡è²266²¡*È¥	öä¡Gè²Errorµonµfileµclose.²¡&È¡þ4¥	öä¡T²267²¡*4¥	öä¡GT²Input/Outputµerror¤ÿý.²¡&4¡þ ¥	öä¡À²268²¡* ¥	öä¡GÀ²Endµofµfile.²¡& ¡þ	¥	öä¡	,²269²¡*	¥	öä¡G	,²Invalidµdataµtype.²¡&	’ÀÖD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-49¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³49¡þÏ²
Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡þI²C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµinputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµfirst¡þ}Cµµµµµµ**inputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þ±µµµµµµµIDINµ=µIPARAM(JNDINµ+3*(1-1)µ+1)¡þåC¡þCµµµµµµ**transferµoneµrecordµofµdataµelementsµfromµtheµ¡þLCµµµµµµ**firstµinputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þ€µµµµµµµCALLµDINBR(IDIN,RH(JDATA),LDATA,ISTAT)¡þ´Cµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡þèµµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡þµµµµµ$µTHEN¡þPCµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡þ„µµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡þ¸Cµµµµµµ**andµexit¡þìµµµµµµµRETURN¡þµµµµµµµENDµIF¡þ¯²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ11.¡X1AµmodelµexpectsµFORTRAN77µREALµdataµelementsµinµaµrecord¡Xwofµitsµfirstµinputµdataset.µTheµglobalµidentificationµnumberµofµthe¡X¾firstµinputµdatasetµisµassignedµtoµtheµIDINµvariable.¡þ/2.¡X/AµcallµtoµDINBRµtransfersµallµdataµelementsµinµtheµcurrentµrecord¡Xuofµtheµfirstµinputµdatasetµtoµtheµlocalµscratchµpad,µstartingµat¡X¼²RH(JDATA)².¡þ-3.¡X-Theµnumberµofµdataµelementsµtransferredµisµreturnedµinµ²LDATA².¡þž4.¡XžIf,µinsteadµofµtheµdataµelementsµofµtheµfirstµinputµdatasetµofµthe¡Xämodel,µtheµelementsµinµtheµ²n³th²µinputµdatasetµareµtransferredµto¡X	+²RH(JDATA)²,µthenµreplaceµ²n²µwithµtheµcorrespondingµnumberµin¡X	qtheµfollowingµprogramµsection:¡þ	ß²C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµinputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµn-th¡þ
Cµµµµµµ**inputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þ
GµµµµµµµIDINµ=µIPARAM(JNDINµ+3*(n-1)µ+1)¡þ
{C¡þ
¯Cµµµµµµ**transferµoneµrecordµofµdataµelementsµfromµn-th¡þ
âCµµµµµµ**inputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þµµµµµµµCALLµDINBR(IDIN,RH(JDATA),LDATA,ISTAT)’ÖËD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-50¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³50¡þÃ²C´µµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡þ÷µµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡þ+µµµµµ$µTHEN¡þ_Cµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡þ’µµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡þÆCµµµµµµ**andµexit¡þúµµµµµµµRETURN¡þ.µµµµµµµENDµIF¡þ²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þ‰²/*´µtransferµoneµrecordµofµdataµelementsµfromµtheµn-th¡þ¼³inputµdatasetµofµthisµmodelµ*/¡þðdinbr(InputDataSet(n),&rh[jdata],&ldata,&istat);¡þ$/*µcheckµreturnµstatusµ*/¡þXExitOnError(-istat);¡þó²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þx1.¡XxAµmodelµexpectsµCµfloatµdataµelementsµinµaµrecordµofµitsµ²n³th²¡X¾inputµdataset.¡þ22.¡X2AµcallµtoµDINBRµtransfersµallµdataµelementsµinµtheµcurrentµrecord¡Xyofµtheµ²n³th²µinputµdatasetµtoµtheµlocalµscratchµpad,µstartingµat¡X¿²rh[jdata]².¡þ33.¡X3²ldata²µreturnsµtheµnumberµofµtransferredµdataµelements.’ËeD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-51¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³51¡þÏ²
²FDINCLS²
³(Data´µInputµFileµClose)¡þO²A´µmodelµusesµDINCLSµtoµcloseµanµinputµdatasetµfile.µAnµinput¡þ˜datasetµfileµisµopenedµbyµtheµfirstµcallµofµoneµofµtheµfollowing¡þàfunctions:¡þL²DINBB¡þ€DINBI¡þ´DINBR¡þèDINSB¡þDINSI¡þPDINSR¡þÕ²Becauseµtheµnumberµofµopenµfilesµperµprocessµisµlimitedµonµmost¡þUNIXµsystems,µtheµfilesµassociatedµwithµinputµdatasetsµthatµareµused¡þgonlyµinµtheµinitializationµphaseµofµaµmodelµshouldµbeµclosedµexplicitly¡þ¯usingµDINCLS.µOtherwise,µtheµfilesµareµkeptµopenµuntilµtheµcurrent¡þøiterationµofµtheµsimulationµterminates.¡þ|TheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡þç²CALL´µDINCLSµ(²input_dataset_number²,µ²status²)¡þs²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡þß²dincls´µ(²input_dataset_number²,µ²status²);¡þ—²
Arguments¡þ	²²input_dataset_number²¡X	Mis´µaµglobalµidentificationµnumberµforµtheµinputµdataset.µThe¡X	•FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER,µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X	Þread³only.¡þ
:²status²¡X
ƒcontainsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³14;¡X
ÌtheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER,µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xread³only.’eÑD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-52¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³52¡,É²Table 7³14³DINCLS´µStatusµValues¡þ$²¥	öä¡L²Value²¡*$¥	öä¡GL²Description²¡&$¡þ ¥	öä¡À²0Áã¡ÃÄþ|)|)}þ}þ|Ç²¡* ¥	öä¡GÀ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*|'|'}*}*|Ç²¡& ¡þ¥	öä¡,²441²¡*¥	öä¡G,²Identificationµnumberµnotµfound.²¡&¡þx¥	öä¡˜²444²¡*x¥	öä¡G˜²Errorµonµreleasingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&x¡þä¥	öä¡²446²¡*ä¥	öä¡G²Errorµonµclosingµfile.²¡&ä¡þ§²
Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡þ²C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµinputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµfirst¡þACµµµµµµ**inputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þuµµµµµµµIDINµ=µIPARAM(JNDINµ+3*(1-1)µ+1)¡þ©C¡þÜCµµµµµµ**closeµtheµfirstµinputµdatasetµfile¡þµµµµµµµCALLµDINCLS(IDIN,ISTAT)¡þDCµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡þxµµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡þ¬µµµµµ$µTHEN¡þàCµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡þµµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡þHCµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡þ|µµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡þ¯µµµµµµµENDµIF¡þ3²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ¡1.¡X¡AµcallµtoµDINCLSµclosesµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµtheµfirstµinput¡Xçdatasetµofµtheµmodel.¡þ	I2.¡X	IIfµyouµneedµtoµcloseµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµtheµ²n²³thµinput¡X	datasetµofµtheµmodelµinsteadµofµclosingµtheµfileµassociatedµwith¡X	Ötheµfirstµinputµdatasetµofµtheµmodel,µreplaceµ²n²µwithµthe¡X
correspondingµnumberµinµtheµfollowingµprogramµsection:¡þ
{²C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµinputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµn-th¡þ
¯Cµµµµµµ**inputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þ
âµµµµµµµIDINµ=µIPARAM(JNDINµ+3*(n-1)µ+1)’Ñ
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Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þ7²dincls(InputDataSet(n),&istat);¡þkExitOnError(-istat);¡þð²In´µthisµexample,µDINCLSµclosesµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµtheµ²n²³th¡þ9inputµdatasetµofµtheµmodel.¡þé²
²FDINFIL²
,´µ²FDINFILC²
µµ(DataµInputµFileµName)¡þj²A´µmodelµusesµDINFILµ(forµFORTRAN77)µorµDINFILCµ(forµC)µto¡þ²accessµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµanµinputµdataset.µThe¡þûreturnedµstringµisµaµvalidµfileµname;µallµenvironmentµvariablesµare¡þDsubstituted.¡þÇTheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡,-² ´µµµµµµµµµCALLµDINFILµ(²!input_dataset_number² ,µ²!file_name² ,µ²!status² )¡þ¬²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡,² ´µµµµµµµµµdinfilcµ(²!input_dataset_number² ,µ²!file_name² ,µ²!status² ,µ²!string_length² );¡þ¾²
Arguments¡þ*²²input_dataset_number²¡Xsis´µaµglobalµidentificationµnumberµforµtheµinputµdataset.µThe¡X»FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER,µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X	read³only.¡þ	`²file_name²¡X	©isµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµtheµinputµdataset.µThe¡X	òFORTRANµtypeµisµCHARACTER;µtheµCµtypeµisµchar.µThe¡X
:memoryµtoµholdµtheµcharacterµstringµmustµbeµallocatedµbefore¡X
ƒcallingµtheµDINFIL/DINFILCµfunction.µTheµrecommendedµlength¡X
Ìofµtheµcharacterµstringµisµatµleastµ256µcharacters.µAccessµis¡Xread³only.’
ûD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-54¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³54¡þÉ²²status²¡Xcontains´µoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³15;¡XZtheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X£read³only.¡þ	²string_length²¡XRisµtheµlengthµofµtheµcharacterµarrayµallocatedµinµtheµcallingµC¡Xšprogram.µThisµargumentµisµonlyµneededµforµDINFILCµ(calledµfrom¡XãaµCµprogram).µTheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµwrite³only.¡,u²Table 7³15³DINFIL/DINFILCµStatusµValues¡þã²¥	öä¡²Value²¡*ã¥	öä¡G²Description²¡Úã¡þ[¥	öä¡{²0Áã¡ÃÄþ7)7)8þ8þ7Ç²¡*[¥	öä¡G{²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*7Û7Û8*8*7Ç²¡Ú[¡þÃ¥	öä¡ã²410²¡*Ã¥	öä¡Gã²Identificationµnumberµnotµfound.²¡ÚÃ¡þ+¥	öä¡K²41¤ÿý1²¡*+¥	öä¡GK²Invalidµdataµtypeµinµheader¤ÿý.²¡Ú+¡þ“¥	öä¡³²412²¡*“¥	öä¡G³²Fileµnameµtooµlong.²¡Ú“¡þû¥	öä¡²413¡ÃÄþ<)<)?þ?þ<Ç²¡*û¥	öä¡G²Errorµsubstitutingµenvironmentµvariablesµinµfileµname.¡ÃÄ*<Û<Û?*?*<Ç²¡Úû¡þæ²
Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡þb²C´µµµµµµ**characterµstringµtoµholdµtheµfileµnameµassociated¡þ–Cµµµµµµ**withµtheµfirstµinputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þÊµµµµµµµCHARACTER*256µµFNAME¡þ	µµµµµµµ...¡þ	CCµµµµµµ**getµtheµinputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµfirst¡þ	wCµµµµµµ**inputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þ	«µµµµµµµIDINµ=µIPARAM(JNDINµ+3*(1-1)µ+1)¡þ	ßC¡þ
Cµµµµµµ**getµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµthe¡þ
Gfirst¡þ
{Cµµµµµµ**inputµdataset¡þ
¯µµµµµµµCALLµDINFIL(IDIN,FNAME,ISTAT)¡þ
âCµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡þµµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)’ûD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-55¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³55¡þÃ²´µµµµµ$µTHEN¡þ÷Cµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡þ+µµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡þ_Cµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡þ’µµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡þÆµµµµµµµENDµIF¡þU²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þÔ1.¡XÔAµcharacterµstringµofµlengthµ256µisµdeclaredµinµtheµdeclaration¡XsectionµofµtheµFORTRAN77µmodelµcode.¡þŠ2.¡XŠAµcallµtoµDINFILµreturnsµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµthe¡XÑfirstµinputµdatasetµofµtheµmodelµinµtheµcharacterµvariableµFNAME.¡þ@3.¡X@Ifµtheµfileµnameµofµtheµ²n²³thµinputµdatasetµisµretrievedµinsteadµof¡X‡theµfileµnameµofµtheµfirstµinputµdatasetµofµtheµmodel,µreplaceµ²n²¡XÍwithµtheµcorrespondingµnumberµinµtheµfollowingµprogramµsection:¡þ9²C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµinputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµn-th¡þmCµµµµµµ**inputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þ¡µµµµµµµIDINµ=µIPARAM(JNDINµ+3*(n-1)µ+1)¡þ7²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þ°²/*´µallocateµspaceµforµfileµnameµ*/¡þä#defineµSTRINGLENGTHµ256¡þcharµfileName[STRINGLENGTH];¡þT...¡þdinfilc(InputDataSet(n),fileName,&istat,STRINGLENGTH);¡þÃExitOnError(-istat);¡þ	R²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ	Ñ1.¡X	ÑAµcharacterµstringµofµlengthµ256µisµdefinedµinµtheµdeclaration¡X
sectionµofµtheµCµmodelµcode.¡þ
‡2.¡X
‡AµcallµtoµDINFILCµreturnsµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµassociatedµwith¡X
Îtheµ²n²³thµinputµdatasetµofµtheµmodelµinµtheµcharacterµvariable¡XfileName.’¶D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-56¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³56¡þÏ²
²FDINSB²
³(Data´µInputµSequentialµBit_vector)¡þR²A´µmodelµusesµDINSBµtoµtransfer,µifµpossible,µ²n_required²µbitµvectors¡þš(representedµasµFORTRAN77µ²INTEGER²µorµCµ²long²µdataµelements)¡þãfromµanµinputµdataset,µtoµanµarrayµorµsubarray.µTheµ²word_length²¡þ+argumentµdefinesµtheµrequestedµwordµlengthµofµtheµbitµvectors.¡þt²n_elements²µreturnsµtheµnumberµofµtransferredµdataµelements.¡þûTheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡,b² ¡þbCALL´µDINSBµ(²!input_dataset_number² ,µ²!data_array² ,µ²!word_length² ,¡,œµ²!¡þœ¡…œn_required² ,µ²!n_elements² ,µ²!status²)¡þ%²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡,Œ² ¡þŒdinsb´µ(InputDataSet(µ²!dataset² µ),µ&²!data_array² ,µ&²!word_length² ,¡,ºµ¡þº¡…º&²!n_required² ,µ&²!n_elements² ,µ&²!status² )¡þo²
Arguments¡þÞ²²input_dataset_number²´µ¡X&isµaµglobalµidentificationµnumberµforµtheµinputµdataset.µThe¡XoFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þÌ²datasetµ²¡Xisµtheµnumberµofµtheµinputµdataset.µTheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X]read³only.¡þ»²data_array²µ¡X	specifiesµtheµarrayµorµsubarrayµintoµwhichµtheµdataµelements¡X	Lfromµtheµinputµdatasetµareµtransferred.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµan¡X	”arrayµofµINTEGERs;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongs;µaccessµis¡X	Ýwrite³only.¡þ
:²word_length²µ¡X
ƒspecifiesµtheµwordµlengthµofµtheµrequestedµ²bit_vector².µThe¡X
ÌFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xread³only.’¶fD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-57¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³57¡þÉ²²n_required´µ²¡Xspecifiesµtheµnumberµofµdataµelementsµrequestedµfromµtheµinput¡XZdataset.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;¡X£accessµisµread³only.¡þ,²n_elementsµ²¡Xtspecifiesµhowµmanyµdataµelementsµhaveµbeenµtransferredµfrom¡X½theµinputµdatasetµtoµtheµdataµarrayµorµsubarray.µTheµFORTRAN¡XtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµwrite³only.¡þŽ²status²¡X×containsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³16;¡X theµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xhwrite³only.¡,Q²Table 7³16³DINSBµStatusµValues¡þþ²¥	öä¡&²Value²¡*þ¥	öä¡G&²Description²¡&þ¡þz¥	öä¡š²0Áã¡ÃÄþV)V)WþWþVÇ²¡*z¥	öä¡Gš²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*V'V'W*W*VÇ²¡&z¡þæ¥	öä¡²381²¡*æ¥	öä¡G²Identificationµnumberµnotµfound.²¡&æ¡þR¥	öä¡r²383²¡*R¥	öä¡Gr²Errorµonµretrievingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&R¡þ¾¥	öä¡Þ²384²¡*¾¥	öä¡GÞ²Errorµonµreleasingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&¾¡þ	*¥	öä¡	J²385²¡*	*¥	öä¡G	J²Errorµonµfileµopen.²¡&	*¡þ	–¥	öä¡	¶²386²¡*	–¥	öä¡G	¶²Errorµonµfileµclose.²¡&	–¡þ
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Examples¡þ[²For´µexamples,µseeµtheµdescriptionµofµDINSR.¡þ ²
²FDINSI²
³(Data´µInputµSequentialµInteger)¡þ¬²A´µmodelµusesµDINSIµtoµtransfer,µifµpossible,µ²n_required²¡þõFORTRAN77µ²INTEGER²µorµCµ²long²µdataµelementsµfromµanµinput¡þ>dataset,µtoµanµarrayµorµsubarray.²µn_elements²µreturnsµtheµnumberµof¡þ†transferredµdataµelements.¡þTheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡,„² ¡þ„CALL´µDINSIµ(²!input_dataset_number² ,µ²!data_array² ,µ²!n_required² ,µ²!n_elements² ,²!¡,²¡þ²¡…²¡²status² )¡þ=²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡,«² ¡þ«dinsi´µ(InputDataSet(µ²!dataset² µ),µ&²!data_array² ,µ&²!n_required² ,¡,Ùµ¡þÙ¡…Ù&²!n_elements² ,µ&²!status² )¡þš²
Arguments¡þ²²input_dataset_number´µ²¡XWisµaµglobalµidentificationµnumberµforµtheµinputµdataset.µThe¡X FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ	²dataset²µ¡X	Iisµtheµnumberµofµtheµinputµdataset.µTheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X	‘read³only.¡þ	ò²data_arrayµ²¡X
:specifiesµtheµarrayµorµsubarrayµintoµwhichµtheµdataµelements¡X
ƒfromµtheµinputµdatasetµareµtransferred.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµan¡X
ÌarrayµofµINTEGERs;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongs;µaccessµis¡Xwrite³only.’¸eD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-59¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³59¡þÉ²²n_required²¡Xspecifies´µtheµnumberµofµdataµelementsµrequestedµfromµtheµinput¡XZdataset.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;¡X£accessµisµread³only.¡þ,²n_elements²¡Xtspecifiesµhowµmanyµdataµelementsµhaveµbeenµtransferredµfrom¡X½theµinputµdatasetµtoµtheµdataµarrayµorµsubarray.µTheµFORTRAN¡XtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµwrite³only.¡þŽ²statusµ²¡X×containsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³17;¡X theµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xhwrite³only.¡,Q²Table 7³17³DINSIµStatusµValues¡þþ²¥	öä¡&²Value²¡*þ¥	öä¡G&²Description²¡&þ¡þz¥	öä¡š²0Áã¡ÃÄþV)V)WþWþVÇ²¡*z¥	öä¡Gš²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*V'V'W*W*VÇ²¡&z¡þæ¥	öä¡²321²¡*æ¥	öä¡G²Identificationµnumberµnotµfound.²¡&æ¡þR¥	öä¡r²323²¡*R¥	öä¡Gr²Errorµonµretrievingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&R¡þ¾¥	öä¡Þ²324²¡*¾¥	öä¡GÞ²Errorµonµreleasingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&¾¡þ	*¥	öä¡	J²325²¡*	*¥	öä¡G	J²Errorµonµfileµopen.²¡&	*¡þ	–¥	öä¡	¶²326²¡*	–¥	öä¡G	¶²Errorµonµfileµclose.²¡&	–¡þ
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Examples¡þc²For´µexamples,µseeµtheµdescriptionµofµDINSR.¡þ5²
²FDINSR²
³(Data´µInputµSequentialµReal)¡þÊ²A´µmodelµusesµDINSRµtoµtransfer,µifµpossible,µ²n_required²¡þFORTRAN77µ²REAL²µorµCµ²float²µdataµelementsµfromµanµinputµdataset,¡þ[toµanµarrayµorµsubarray.²µn_elements²µreturnsµtheµnumberµof¡þ¤transferredµdataµelements.¡þ<TheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡,¯² ¡þ¯CALL´µDINSRµ(²!input_dataset_number² ,µ²!data_array² ,µ²!n_required² ,µ²!n_elements² ,¡,Ýµ²!¡þÝ¡…Ý¡Ýstatus² )¡þl²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡,à² ¡þàdinsr´µ(InputDataSet(µ²!dataset² µ),µ&²!data_array² ,µ&²!n_required² ,¡,µ¡þ¡…¡&²!n_elements² ,µ&²!status² )¡þØ²
Arguments¡þR²²input_dataset_number´µ²¡Xšisµaµglobalµidentificationµnumberµforµtheµinputµdataset.µThe¡XãFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ	F²dataset²¡X	isµtheµnumberµofµtheµinputµdataset.µCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X	×read³only.¡þ
:²data_array²¡X
ƒisµtheµarrayµwhereµinputµdatasetµelementsµareµtransferred.¡X
ÌFORTRANµtypeµisµaµREALµarray;µCµtypeµisµaµfloatµarray;µaccess¡Xisµwrite³only.’qID“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-61¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³61¡þÉ²²n_required´µ²¡Xspecifiesµtheµnumberµofµdataµelementsµrequiredµfromµtheµinput¡XZdataset.µFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X£read³only.¡þ
²n_elementsµ²¡XRspecifiesµhowµmanyµdataµelementsµhaveµbeenµtransferredµfrom¡X›theµinputµdatasetµtoµ²data_array².µFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µC¡Xätypeµisµlong;µwrite³onlyµaccess.¡þJ²statusµ²¡X“containsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³18;¡XÜtheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X$write³only.¡,¸²Table 7³18³DINSRµStatusµValues¡þ(²¥	öä¡P²Value²¡*(¥	öä¡GP²Description²¡&(¡þ¤¥	öä¡Ä²0Áã¡ÃÄþ€)€)þþ€Ç²¡*¤¥	öä¡GÄ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*€'€'**€Ç²¡&¤¡þ¥	öä¡0²301²¡*¥	öä¡G0²Identificationµnumberµnotµfound.²¡&¡þ|¥	öä¡œ²303²¡*|¥	öä¡Gœ²Errorµonµretrievingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&|¡þè¥	öä¡²304²¡*è¥	öä¡G²Errorµonµreleasingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&è¡þT¥	öä¡t²305²¡*T¥	öä¡Gt²Errorµonµfileµopen.²¡&T¡þÀ¥	öä¡à²306²¡*À¥	öä¡Gà²Errorµonµfileµclose.²¡&À¡þ	,¥	öä¡	L²307²¡*	,¥	öä¡G	L²Input/Outputµerror¤ÿý.²¡&	,¡þ	˜¥	öä¡	¸²308²¡*	˜¥	öä¡G	¸²Endµofµfile.²¡&	˜¡þ
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Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡þM²C´µµµµµ**getµtheµinputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµfirst¡þ€Cµµµµµ**inputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þ´µµµµµµIDINµ=µIPARAM(JNDINµ+3*(1-1)µ+1)¡þèC¡þCµµµµµ**readµNDATAµelementsµfromµtheµfirst¡þPCµµµµµ**inputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þ„µµµµµµCALLµDINSR(IDIN,RH(JDATA),NDATA,LDATA,ISTAT)¡þ¸Cµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡þìµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡þ µµµµ$µTHEN¡þSCµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡þ‡µµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡þ»Cµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡þïµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡þ#µµµµµµENDµIF¡þµ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ:1.¡X:Aµmodelµexpectsµ²NDATA²µFORTRAN77µREALµdataµelements¡X€fromµitsµfirstµinputµdataset.¡þô2.¡XôTheµglobalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµfirstµinputµdatasetµis¡X:assignedµtoµtheµ²IDIN²µvariable.¡þ®3.¡X®AµcallµtoµDINSRµtransfersµ²LDATA²µdataµelementsµfromµtheµfirst¡Xõinputµdataset,µtoµtheµlocalµscratchµpad,µstartingµatµ²RH(JDATA)².¡þh4.¡XhIf,µinsteadµofµtheµdataµelementsµofµtheµfirstµinputµdatasetµofµthe¡X¯model,µtheµelementsµinµtheµ²n³²thµinputµdatasetµareµtransferredµto¡Xõ²RH(JDATA)²,µthenµreplaceµ²n²µwithµtheµcorrespondingµnumberµin¡X	<theµfollowingµprogramµsection.’JŽD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-63¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³63¡þÃ²C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµinputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµn-th¡þ÷Cµµµµµµ**inputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þ+µµµµµµµIDINµ=µIPARAM(JNDINµ+3*(n-1)µ+1)¡þ_C¡þ’Cµµµµµµ**readµNDATAµelementsµfromµtheµn-th¡þÆCµµµµµµ**inputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þúµµµµµµµCALLµDINSR(IDIN,RH(JDATA),NDATA,LDATA,ISTAT)¡þ.Cµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡þbµµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡þ–µµµµµ$µTHEN¡þÊCµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡þþµµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡þ2Cµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡þeµµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡þ™µµµµµµµENDµIF¡þ9²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þ·²/*´µreadµ²ndata²µelementsµfromµmodel'sµ²n²-thµinputµdatasetµ*/¡þëdinsr(InputDataSet(µnµ),&rh[jdata],&ndata,&ldata,&istat);¡þ/*µcheckµreturnµstatusµ*/¡þ±²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ51.¡X5Aµmodelµexpectsµ²ndata²µCµfloatµdataµelementsµofµitsµ²n³²thµinput¡X|dataset.¡þð2.¡XðAµcallµtoµ²dinsr²µtransfersµ²ldata²µdataµelementsµfromµtheµ²n²³thµinput¡X6dataset,µtoµtheµlocalµscratchµpad,µstartingµatµ²rh[jdata]².’Ž\D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-64¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³64¡þÏ²
²FDOUCLS²
´µµ(DataµOutputµFileµClose)¡þO²A´µmodelµusesµDOUCLSµtoµcloseµanµoutputµdatasetµfile.µTheµoutput¡þ˜datasetµfileµisµopenedµbyµtheµfirstµcallµofµoneµofµtheµfollowing¡þàfunctions:¡þL²DOUTBB¡þ€DOUTBI¡þ´DOUTBR¡þèDOUTSB¡þDOUTSI¡þPDOUTSR¡þÕ²Becauseµtheµnumberµofµopenµfilesµperµprocessµisµlimitedµonµmost¡þUNIXµsystems,µoutputµdatasetµfilesµthatµareµusedµonlyµinµthe¡þgpost³processingµphaseµofµaµmodelµshouldµbeµclosedµexplicitlyµusing¡þ¯DOUCLS.µOtherwise,µtheµfilesµareµkeptµopenµuntilµtheµcurrent¡þøiterationµofµtheµsimulationµterminates.¡þ|TheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡þç²CALL´µDOUCLSµ(²output_dataset_number²,µ²status²)¡þs²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡þß²doucls´µ(²output_dataset_number²,µ²status²);¡þ—²
Arguments¡þ	²²output_dataset_number²¡X	Mis´µaµglobalµidentificationµnumberµforµtheµoutputµdataset.µThe¡X	•FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X	Þread³only.¡þ
:²status²¡X
ƒcontainsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³19;¡X
ÌtheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER,µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xread³only.’\D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-65¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³65¡,É²Table 7³19³DOUCLS´µStatusµValues¡þ2²¥	öä¡Z²Value²¡*2¥	öä¡GZ²Description²¡&2¡þª¥	öä¡Ê²0Áã¡ÃÄþ†)†)‡þ‡þ†Ç²¡*ª¥	öä¡GÊ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*†'†'‡*‡*†Ç²¡&ª¡þ¥	öä¡2²441²¡*¥	öä¡G2²Identificationµnumberµnotµfound.²¡&¡þz¥	öä¡š²444²¡*z¥	öä¡Gš²Errorµonµreleasingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&z¡þâ¥	öä¡²445²¡*â¥	öä¡G²Noµgraphicsµdataµfound.²¡&â¡þJ¥	öä¡j²446¡ÃÄþ‹)‹)ŽþŽþ‹Ç²¡*J¥	öä¡Gj²Errorµonµclosingµfile.¡ÃÄ*‹'‹'Ž*Ž*‹Ç²¡&J¡þ'²
Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡,–² C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµoutputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµfirst¡,ÄCµµµµµµ**outputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡,ñµµµµµµµIDOUTµ=µIPARAM(JNDOUTµ+3*(1-1)µ+1)¡,C¡,MCµµµµµµ**closeµfileµassociatedµwithµtheµfirstµoutputµdataset¡,zµµµµµµµCALLµDOUCLS(IDOUT,ISTAT)¡,¨Cµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,ÖµµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,µµµµµ$µTHEN¡,1Cµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,_µµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,ŒCµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,ºµµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡,èµµµµµµµENDµIF¡þA²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ½1.¡X½AµcallµtoµDOUCLSµclosesµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµtheµfirstµoutput¡X	datasetµofµtheµmodel.¡þ	q2.¡X	qIfµyouµneedµtoµcloseµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµtheµ²n²³thµoutput¡X	¸datasetµofµtheµmodelµinsteadµofµclosingµtheµfileµassociatedµwith¡X	þtheµfirstµoutputµdatasetµofµtheµmodel,µreplaceµ²n²µwithµthe¡X
Ecorrespondingµnumberµinµtheµfollowingµprogramµsection.¡þ
¯²C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµinputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµn-th¡þ
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Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þ7²doucls(OutputDataSet(n),&istat);¡þkExitOnError(-istat);¡þð²In´µthisµexample,µDOUCLSµclosesµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµtheµ²n²³th¡þ9outputµdatasetµofµtheµmodel.¡þé²
²FDOUFIL²
,´µ²FDOUFILC²
µµ(DataµOutputµFileµName)¡þj²A´µmodelµusesµDOUFILµ(forµFORTRAN77)µorµDOUFILCµ(forµC)µto¡þ²accessµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµanµoutputµdataset.µThe¡þûreturnedµstringµisµaµvalidµfileµname;µallµenvironmentµvariablesµare¡þDsubstituted.¡þÇTheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡,-² ´µµ¡þ-CALLµDOUFILµ(²!output_dataset_number² ,µ²!file_name² ,µ²!status² )¡þ¬²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡,² ´µµ¡þdoufilcµ(²!output_dataset_number² ,µ²!file_name² ,µ²!status² ,µ²!string_length² );¡,?µ¡þ¾²
Arguments¡þ*²²output_dataset_number²¡Xsis´µaµglobalµidentificationµnumberµforµtheµoutputµdataset.µThe¡X»FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X	read³only.¡þ	`²file_name²¡X	©isµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµtheµoutputµdataset.µThe¡X	òFORTRANµtypeµisµCHARACTER;µtheµCµtypeµisµchar.µThe¡X
:memoryµtoµholdµtheµcharacterµstringµmustµbeµallocatedµbefore¡X
ƒcallingµtheµDOUFIL/DOUFILCµfunction;µtheµrecommendedµlength¡X
Ìofµtheµcharacterµstringµisµatµleastµ256µcharacters.µAccessµis¡Xread³only.’ÉD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-67¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³67¡þÉ²²status²¡Xcontains´µoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³20.¡XZTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X£read³only.¡þ
²string_length²¡XRisµtheµlengthµofµtheµcharacterµarrayµallocatedµinµtheµcallingµC¡X›program.µThisµargumentµisµneededµonlyµforµDOUFILCµ(called¡XäfromµaµCµprogram).µTheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµwrite³only.¡,w²Table 7³20³DOUFIL/DOUFILCµStatusµValues¡þè²¥	öä¡²Value²¡*è¥	öä¡G²Description²¡Úè¡þ`¥	öä¡€²0Áã¡ÃÄþ<)<)=þ=þ<Ç²¡*`¥	öä¡G€²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*<Û<Û=*=*<Ç²¡Ú`¡þÈ¥	öä¡è²420²¡*È¥	öä¡Gè²Identificationµnumberµnotµfound.²¡ÚÈ¡þ0¥	öä¡P²421²¡*0¥	öä¡GP²Invalidµdataµtypeµinµheader¤ÿý.²¡Ú0¡þ˜¥	öä¡¸²422²¡*˜¥	öä¡G¸²Fileµnameµtooµlong.²¡Ú˜¡þ¥	öä¡ ²423¡ÃÄþA)A)DþDþAÇ²¡*¥	öä¡G ²Errorµsubstitutingµenvironmentµvariablesµinµfileµname.¡ÃÄ*AÛAÛD*D*AÇ²¡Ú’ÉD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-68¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³68¡þÏ²
Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡,l² C´µµµµµµ**characterµstringµtoµholdµtheµfileµnameµassociated¡,™Cµµµµµµ**withµtheµfirstµoutputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡,ÇµµµµµµµCHARACTER*256µµFNAME¡,µµµµµµµ...¡,?Cµµµµµµ**getµtheµoutputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµfirst¡,mCµµµµµµ**outputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡,šµµµµµµµIDOUTµ=µIPARAM(JNDOUTµ+3*(1-1)µ+1)¡,ÈC¡,öCµµµµµµ**getµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµtheµfirst¡,#Cµµµµµµ**outputµdataset¡,QµµµµµµµCALLµDOUFIL(IDOUT,FNAME,ISTAT)¡,Cµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,¬µµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,Úµµµµµ$µTHEN¡,¡,5¡,cCµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,‘µµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,¾Cµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,ìµµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡,µµµµµµµENDµIF¡þ»²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þc1.¡XcAµcharacterµstringµofµlengthµ256µisµdeclaredµinµtheµdeclaration¡X©sectionµofµtheµFORTRAN77µmodelµcode.¡þ72.¡X7AµcallµtoµDOUFILµreturnsµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµassociatedµwithµthe¡X~firstµoutputµdatasetµofµtheµmodelµinµtheµcharacterµvariable¡XÅFNAME.¡þ	S3.¡X	SIfµtheµfileµnameµofµtheµ²n³th²µoutputµdatasetµisµretrievedµinsteadµof¡X	™theµfileµnameµofµtheµfirstµoutputµdatasetµofµtheµmodel,µreplaceµ²n²¡X	àwithµtheµcorrespondingµnumberµinµtheµfollowingµprogramµsection:¡þ
l²C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµoutputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµn-th¡þ
 Cµµµµµµ**outputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þ
ÔµµµµµµµIDOUTµ=µIPARAM(JNDOUTµ+3*(n-1)µ+1)’‘D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-69¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,*,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c*¡Ä	c*,*ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³69¡þÏ²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þM²/*´µallocateµspaceµforµfileµnameµ*/¡þ#defineµSTRINGLENGTHµ256¡þµcharµfileName[STRINGLENGTH];¡þò...¡þ/doufilc(OutputDataSet(n),fileName,&istat,STRINGLENGTH);¡þcExitOnError(-istat);¡þÂ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þG1.¡XGAµcharacterµstringµofµlengthµ256µisµdefinedµinµtheµdeclaration¡XŽsectionµofµtheµCµmodelµcode.¡þ2.¡XAµcallµtoµDOUFILCµreturnsµtheµnameµofµtheµfileµassociatedµwith¡XIthe²µn²³thµoutputµdatasetµofµtheµmodelµinµtheµcharacterµvariable¡XfileName.¡þd²
²FDOUTBB²
³(Data´µOutputµRecord³OrientedµBit_vector)¡þ²A´µmodelµusesµDOUTBBµtoµtransferµoneµblockµofµbitµvectors,¡þMrepresentedµasµFORTRAN77µ²INTEGER²µorµCµ²long²µdataµelements,¡þ–fromµanµarrayµorµsubarrayµtoµanµoutputµdataset.µTheµ²word_length²¡þßargumentµreturnsµtheµwordµlengthµofµtheµbitµvectors.µ²n_elements²¡þ'returnsµtheµnumberµofµdataµelementsµtoµtransfer.¡þËTheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡,	G² ¡þ	GCALL´µDOUTBBµ(²!output_dataset_number² ,µ²!MIDN² ,µ²!MSEQN² ,¡,	u²!µ¡þ	u¡…	u¡	ulocal_output_dataset_number² ,µ²!data_array² ,µ²!n_elements² ,¡,	¢µ²!¡þ	¢¡…	¢¡	¢status² )¡þ
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Arguments¡þP²²output_dataset_number´µ²¡X˜isµtheµglobalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµoutputµdataset.µThe¡XáFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þH²MIDNµ(FORTRAN)µorµmidnµ(C)µ²¡Xspecifiesµtheµmodelµidentificationµnumber.µTheµFORTRANµtype¡XÙisµanµarrayµofµINTEGERs;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongs;µaccess¡X"isµread³only.¡þˆ²MSEQNµ(FORTRAN)µorµmseqnµ(C)µ²¡XÑspecifiesµtheµmodelµsequenceµnumber.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡XINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ€²local_output_dataset_number²µ¡XÉisµtheµlocalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµoutputµdataset,µas¡Xdefinedµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfile.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡XZINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þÁ²data_arrayµ²¡X
specifiesµtheµarrayµorµsubarrayµfromµwhichµdataµelementsµare¡XRtransferredµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµan¡X›arrayµofµINTEGERs;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongs;µaccessµis¡Xãwrite³only.¡þJ²n_elementsµ²¡X“specifiesµhowµmanyµdataµelementsµtoµtransferµfromµthe¡XÛdata_arrayµarrayµorµsubarrayµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.µThe¡X	$FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X	mwrite³only.’!+D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-71¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³71¡þÉ²²word_length´µ²¡Xspecifiesµtheµwordµlengthµofµtheµbitµvectorsµtoµwrite.µThe¡XZFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X£read³only.¡þ²status²µ¡XYcontainsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³21;¡X¢theµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xêwrite³only.¡,²Table 7³21³DOUTBBµStatusµValues¡þ²¥	öä¡4²Value²¡*¥	öä¡G4²Description²¡&¡þˆ¥	öä¡¨²0Áã¡ÃÄþd)d)eþeþdÇ²¡*ˆ¥	öä¡G¨²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*d'd'e*e*dÇ²¡&ˆ¡þô¥	öä¡²361²¡*ô¥	öä¡G²Ranµoutµofµdirectoryµspace.²¡&ô¡þ`¥	öä¡€²362²¡*`¥	öä¡G€²Ranµoutµofµdataµspace.²¡&`¡þÌ¥	öä¡ì²364²¡*Ì¥	öä¡Gì²Invalidµnumberµofµdataµelements.²¡&Ì¡þ8¥	öä¡X²365²¡*8¥	öä¡GX²Noµgraphicsµdataµfound.²¡&8¡þ¤¥	öä¡Ä²366²¡*¤¥	öä¡GÄ²Errorµonµretrievingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&¤¡þ¥	öä¡0²367²¡*¥	öä¡G0²Errorµonµreleasingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&¡þ|¥	öä¡œ²368²¡*|¥	öä¡Gœ²Errorµonµfileµopen.²¡&|¡þè¥	öä¡	²369²¡*è¥	öä¡G	²Errorµonµfileµclose.²¡&è¡þ	T¥	öä¡	t²371²¡*	T¥	öä¡G	t²Input/Outputµerror¤ÿý.²¡&	T¡þ
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²FDOUTBI²
³(Data´µOutputµRecord³OrientedµInteger)¡þ\²A´µmodelµusesµDOUTBIµtoµtransferµoneµblockµofµFORTRAN77¡þ¤²INTEGER²µorµCµ²long²µdataµelementsµfromµanµarrayµorµsubarray,µtoµan¡þíoutputµdataset.²µn_elements²µreturnsµtheµnumberµofµdataµelementsµto¡þ6transfer.¡þÆTheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡,5² ¡þ5CALL´µDOUTBIµ(²!output_dataset_number² ,µ²!MIDN² ,µ²!MSEQN² ,¡,bµ²!¡þb¡…b¡blocal_output_dataset_number² ,µ²!data_array² ,µ²!n_elements² ,¡,µ²!¡þ¡…¡status² )¡þ²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡,Š² ¡þŠdoutbi´µ(OutputDataSet(µ²!local_output_dataset_number² µ),µ&²!midn² ,µ&²!mseqn² ,µ¡,¸¡þ¸¡…¸µ&²!local_output_dataset_number² ,µ&²!data_array² ,µ&²!n_elements² ,¡,æµ¡þæ¡…æµ&²!status² )¡þ§²
Arguments¡þ²²output_dataset_number²´µ¡Xeisµtheµglobalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµoutputµdataset.µThe¡X­FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ²MIDNµ(FORTRAN)µorµmidnµ(C)µ²¡XWspecifiesµtheµmodelµidentificationµnumber.µTheµFORTRANµtype¡XŸisµanµarrayµofµINTEGERs;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongs;µaccess¡Xèisµread³only.¡þ	H²MSEQNµ(FORTRAN)µorµmseqnµ(C)²µ¡X	‘specifiesµtheµmodelµsequenceµnumber.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡X	ÚINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ
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ƒisµtheµlocalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµoutputµdataset,µas¡X
Ìdefinedµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfile.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡XINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.’äÿD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-73¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³73¡þÉ²²data_array²´µ¡Xspecifiesµtheµarrayµorµsubarrayµfromµwhichµdataµelementsµare¡XZtransferredµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµan¡X£arrayµofµINTEGERs;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongs;µaccessµis¡Xìwrite³only.¡þX²n_elementsµ²¡X specifiesµhowµmanyµdataµelementsµtoµtransferµfromµtheµdata¡Xéarrayµarrayµorµsubarrayµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.µTheµFORTRAN¡X2typeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þž²statusµ²¡XæcontainsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³22;¡X/theµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xwwrite³only.¡,²Table 7³22³DOUTBIµStatusµValues¡þ’²¥	öä¡º²Value²¡*’¥	öä¡Gº²Description²¡Ú’¡þ¥	öä¡.²0Áã¡ÃÄþê)ê)ëþëþêÇ²¡*¥	öä¡G.²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*êÛêÛë*ë*êÇ²¡Ú¡þz¥	öä¡š²181²¡*z¥	öä¡Gš²Ranµoutµofµdirectoryµspace.²¡Úz¡þæ¥	öä¡²182²¡*æ¥	öä¡G²Ranµoutµofµdataµspace.²¡Úæ¡þR¥	öä¡r²184²¡*R¥	öä¡Gr²Invalidµnumberµofµdataµelements.²¡ÚR¡þ¾¥	öä¡Þ²185²¡*¾¥	öä¡GÞ²Noµgraphicsµdataµfound.²¡Ú¾¡þ	*¥	öä¡	J²186²¡*	*¥	öä¡G	J²Errorµonµretrievingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡Ú	*¡þ	–¥	öä¡	¶²187²¡*	–¥	öä¡G	¶²Errorµonµreleasingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡Ú	–¡þ
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Examples¡þ^²For´µexamples,µseeµtheµdescriptionµofµDOUTBR.¡þ(²
²FDOUTBR²
³(Data´µOutputµRecord³OrientedµReal)¡þ·²A´µmodelµusesµDOUTBRµtoµtransferµoneµrecordµofµFORTRAN77¡þ²REAL²µorµCµ²float²µdataµelementsµfromµanµarrayµorµsubarrayµtoµan¡þIoutputµdataset.²µn_elements²µreturnsµtheµnumberµofµdataµelementsµto¡þ‘transfer.¡þ$TheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡,”² ¡þ”CALL´µDOUTBRµ(²!output_dataset_number² ,µ²!MIDN² ,µ²!MSEQN² ,¡,Âµ²!¡þÂ¡…Âlocal_output_dataset_number² ,µ²!data_array² ,µ²!n_elements² ,µ²!status² )¡þO²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡,¿² ¡þ¿doutbr´µ(OutputDataSet(µ²!local_output_dataset_number² µ),µ&²!midn² ,µ&²!mseqn² ,µ¡,í¡þí¡…íµ&²!local_output_dataset_number² ,µ&²!data_array² ,µ&²!n_elements² ,¡,µ¡þ¡…µ&²!status² )¡þÞ²
Arguments¡þU²²output_dataset_number²´µ¡Xžisµtheµglobalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµoutputµdataset.µThe¡XæFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ	H²MIDNµ(FORTRAN)µorµmidnµ(C)²µ¡X	specifiesµtheµmodelµidentificationµnumber.µTheµFORTRANµtype¡X	ÙisµanµarrayµofµINTEGERs;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongs;µaccess¡X
"isµread³only.¡þ
ƒ²MSEQNµ(FORTRAN)µorµmseqnµ(C)µ²¡X
Ìspecifiesµtheµmodelµsequenceµnumber.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡XINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.’/ØD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-75¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³75¡þÉ²²local_output_dataset_number´µ²¡Xisµtheµlocalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµoutputµdataset,µas¡XZdefinedµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfile.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡X£INTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ
²data_arrayµ²¡XRspecifiesµtheµarrayµorµsubarrayµfromµwhichµdataµelementsµare¡X›transferredµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµan¡XäarrayµofµREALµvalues;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµfloats;µaccessµis¡X,write³only.¡þ“²n_elements²µ¡XÜspecifiesµhowµmanyµgraphics³headerµelementsµtoµtransferµfrom¡X$theµdataµarrayµarrayµorµsubarrayµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.µThe¡XmFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xµread³only.¡þ²statusµ²¡XecontainsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³23;¡X­theµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xöwrite³only.’ØÙD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-76¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³76¡,É²Table 7³23³DOUTBR´µStatusµValues¡þ4²¥	öä¡\²Value²¡*4¥	öä¡G\²Description²¡&4¡þ°¥	öä¡Ð²0Áã¡ÃÄþŒ)Œ)þþŒÇ²¡*°¥	öä¡GÐ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*Œ'Œ'**ŒÇ²¡&°¡þ¥	öä¡<²161²¡*¥	öä¡G<²Ranµoutµofµdirectoryµspace.²¡&¡þˆ¥	öä¡¨²162²¡*ˆ¥	öä¡G¨²Ranµoutµofµdataµspace.²¡&ˆ¡þô¥	öä¡²164²¡*ô¥	öä¡G²Invalidµnumberµofµdataµelements.²¡&ô¡þ`¥	öä¡€²165²¡*`¥	öä¡G€²Noµgraphicsµdataµfound.²¡&`¡þÌ¥	öä¡ì²166²¡*Ì¥	öä¡Gì²Errorµonµretrievingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&Ì¡þ8¥	öä¡X²167²¡*8¥	öä¡GX²Errorµonµreleasingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&8¡þ¤¥	öä¡Ä²168²¡*¤¥	öä¡GÄ²Errorµonµfileµopen.²¡&¤¡þ¥	öä¡0²169²¡*¥	öä¡G0²Errorµonµfileµclose.²¡&¡þ|¥	öä¡œ²171²¡*|¥	öä¡Gœ²Input/Outputµerror¤ÿý.²¡&|¡þa²
Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡þØ²C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµoutputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµsecond¡þCµµµµµµ**outputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡þ@µµµµµµµIDOUTµ=µIPARAM(JNDINµ+3*(2-1)µ+1)¡þtC¡þ¨Cµµµµµµ**writeµoneµrecordµwithµLDATAµelementsµtoµthe¡þÜsecond¡þ	Cµµµµµµ**outputµdataset¡þ	CµµµµµµµCALL¡þ	wDOUTBR(IDOUT,MIDN,MSEQN,2,RH(JDATA),LDATA,ISTAT)¡þ	«Cµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡þ	ßµµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡þ
µµµµµ$µTHEN¡þ
GCµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡þ
{µµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡þ
¯Cµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡þ
âµµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡þµµµµµµµENDµIF’ÙhD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-77¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³77¡þ ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ¤1.¡X¤Aµmodelµwithµmodelµidentificationµnumberµ²MIDN²µandµmodel¡Xësequenceµnumberµ²MSEQN²µtransfersµaµrecordµwithµ²LDATA²µdata¡X1elementsµtoµitsµsecondµoutputµdataset.¡þ¤2.¡X¤Theµglobalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµsecondµoutputµdatasetµis¡Xëassignedµtoµtheµ²IDOUT²µvariable.¡þ^3.¡X^AµcallµtoµDOUTBR,µstartingµwithµ²RH(JDATA)²,µtransfersµ²LDATA²¡X¤dataµelementsµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.¡þ4.¡XToµtransferµtheµdataµelementsµtoµtheµ²n³th²µoutputµdatasetµinstead¡X^ofµtoµtheµsecondµoutputµdatasetµofµtheµmodule,µreplaceµ²n²µwithµthe¡X¤correspondingµnumberµinµtheµfollowingµprogramµsection.¡,² C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµoutputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµn³th¡,;Cµµµµµµ**outputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡,iµµµµµµµIDOUTµ=µIPARAM(JNDINµ+3*(n-1)µ+1)¡,—C¡,ÄCµµµµµµ**writeµoneµrecordµwithµLDATAµelementsµtoµtheµn-th¡,òCµµµµµµ**outputµdataset¡, µµµµµµµCALLµDOUTBR(IDOUT,MIDN,MSEQN,n,RH(JDATA),LDATA,ISTAT)¡,MCµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,{µµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,©µµµµµ$µTHEN¡,ÖCµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,µµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,2Cµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,`µµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡,µµµµµµµENDµIF¡þ	b²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þ	ß²/*´µwriteµoneµrecordµwithµldataµelementsµtoµtheµn-th¡þ
³³outputµdatasetµ*/¡þ
Glocalµ=µn;¡þ
{doutbr(OutputDataSet(n),&midn,&mseqn,&local,¡þ
¯³³&rh[jdata],&ldata,&istat);¡þ
â/*µcheckµreturnµstatusµ*/¡þExitOnError(-istat);’hhD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-78¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,w,a¡Ä,a	ca¡Ä	ca	cw¡Ä	cw,wÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþaÊaÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³78¡þ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ 1.¡X Aµmodelµwithµmodelµidentificationµnumberµ²midn²µandµmodel¡Xçsequenceµnumberµ²mseqn²µtransfersµaµblockµofµ²ldata²µdata¡X.elementsµtoµitsµ²n³th²µoutputµdataset.¡þŸ2.¡XŸAµcallµtoµ²doutbr²,µstartingµwithµ²rh[jdata]²,µtransfersµ²ldata²µdata¡Xåelementsµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.¡þ±²
²FDOUTGR²
³(Data´µOutputµGraphicsµDataµReal)¡þK²A´µmodelµusesµDOUTGRµtoµtransferµaµgraphicsµheaderµconsistingµof¡þ”FORTRAN77µ²REAL²µorµCµ²float²µdataµelementsµfromµanµarrayµor¡þÝsubarray,µtoµanµoutputµdataset.µ²n_elements²µreturnsµtheµnumberµof¡þ%dataµelementsµinµtheµgraphicsµheader.¡þÃTheµFORTRANµsyntaxµis¡,;² ¡þ;CALL´µDOUTGRµ(²!output_dataset_number² ,µ²!MIDN² ,µ²!MSEQN² ,¡,iµ²!¡þi¡…ilocal_output_dataset_number² ,µ²!data_array² ,²!µn_elements² ,µ²!status² )¡þû²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡,s² ¡þsdoutgr´µ(OutputDataSet(µ²!local_output_dataset_number² µ),µ&²!midn² ,µ&²!mseqn² ,µ¡, ¡þ ¡… µ&²!local_output_dataset_number² ,µ&²!data_array² ,µ&²!n_elements² ,¡,Î¡þÎ¡…Îµ&²!status² )¡þ	`²Before´µaµmodelµcanµtransferµgraphicalµdataµelementsµfromµtheµxchart¡þ	©toolµtoµanµoutputµdataset,µyouµmustµincludeµaµgraphicsµheaderµinµthe¡þ	òoutputµdataset.µUsually,µthisµtaskµisµperformedµinµtheµinitialization¡þ
:phaseµofµtheµsimulation,µthatµis,µinµtheµINIT=1µsectionµofµtheµmodel¡þ
ƒsourceµcode.µModelsµthatµcomputeµgraphicalµdisplayµdataµinµthe¡þ
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Arguments¡þj²²output_dataset_number²´µ¡X²isµtheµglobalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµoutputµdataset.µThe¡XûFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þn²MIDNµ(FORTRAN)µorµmidnµ(C)µ²¡X·specifiesµtheµmodelµidentificationµnumber.µTheµFORTRANµtype¡XisµanµarrayµofµINTEGERs;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongs;µaccess¡XHisµread³only.¡þ¼²MSEQNµ(FORTRAN)µorµmseqnµ(C)²µ¡Xspecifiesµtheµmodelµsequenceµnumber.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡XMINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þÁ²local_output_dataset_number²µ¡X	isµtheµlocalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµoutputµdataset,µas¡XRdefinedµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfile.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡X›INTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ²data_arrayµ²¡XWspecifiesµtheµarrayµorµsubarrayµfromµwhichµtheµgraphicsµheader¡XŸisµtransferredµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµan¡XèarrayµofµREALµvalues;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµfloats;µaccessµis¡X1write³only.¡þ¤²n_elementsµ²¡Xíspecifiesµhowµmanyµgraphicsµheaderµelementsµtoµtransferµfrom¡X	6theµdataµarrayµarrayµorµsubarrayµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.µThe¡X	~FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X	Çread³only.¡þ
:²statusµ²¡X
ƒcontainsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³24;¡X
ÌtheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xwrite³only.’àºD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-80¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³80¡,É²Table 7³24³DOUTGR´µStatusµValues¡þ@²¥	öä¡h²Value²¡*@¥	öä¡Gh²Description²¡&@¡þ¼¥	öä¡Ü²0Áã¡ÃÄþ˜)˜)™þ™þ˜Ç²¡*¼¥	öä¡GÜ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*˜'˜'™*™*˜Ç²¡&¼¡þ(¥	öä¡H²251²¡*(¥	öä¡GH²Ranµoutµofµdirectoryµspace.²¡&(¡þ”¥	öä¡´²252²¡*”¥	öä¡G´²Ranµoutµofµdataµspace.²¡&”¡þ¥	öä¡ ²254²¡*¥	öä¡G ²Invalidµnumberµofµdataµelements.²¡&¡þl¥	öä¡Œ²255²¡*l¥	öä¡GŒ²Multipleµinsertionµofµgraphicsµdata.²¡&l¡þl²
Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡,ì² C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµoutputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµsecond¡,Cµµµµµµ**outputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡,GµµµµµµµIDOUTµ=µIPARAM(JNDINµ+3*(2-1)µ+1)¡,uC¡,¢Cµµµµµµ**first,µwriteµgraphicsµheaderµtoµtheµsecond¡,ÐCµµµµµµ**outputµdataset¡,þµµµµµµµCALLµDOUTGR(IDOUT,MIDN,MSEQN,2,RH(JGDATA),LGDATA,ISTAT)¡,,Cµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,YµµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,‡µµµµµ$µTHEN¡,µCµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,âµµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,Cµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,>µµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡,kµµµµµµµENDµIF¡,™C¡,ÇC³³**startµwritingµoutputµdata¡,ôCµµµµµµ**writeµoneµrecordµofµelementsµtoµtheµsecond¡,	"Cµµµµµµ**outputµdataset¡,	PµµµµµµµCALLµDOUTBR(IDOUT,MIDN,MSEQN,2,RH(JDATA),LDATA,ISTAT)¡,	}¡,	«Cµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,	ÙµµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,
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ëµµµµµµµENDµIF’ºrD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-81¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³81¡þÉ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þD1.¡XDAµmodelµwithµmodelµidentificationµnumberµ²MIDN²,µandµmodel¡XŠsequenceµnumberµ²MSEQN²,µwritesµ²LGDATA²µdataµelementsµofµa¡XÑgraphicsµheaderµtoµitsµsecondµoutputµdataset.¡þ=2.¡X=Theµglobalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµsecondµoutputµdatasetµis¡XƒassignedµtoµtheµIDOUTµvariable.¡þð3.¡XðAµcallµtoµDOUTGR,µstartingµatµ²RH(GDATA)²,µtransfersµ²LGDATA²¡X6dataµelementsµfromµtheµgraphicsµheaderµtoµtheµsecondµoutput¡X}dataset.¡þé4.¡XéTheµmodelµtransfersµdataµelementsµforµgraphicµdisplayµinµthe¡X/outputµdataset.¡þì²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þ_²/*´µwriteµgraphicsµheaderµtoµsecondµoutputµdatasetµ*/¡þ“locsalµ=µ2;¡þÇdoutgr(OutputDataSet(2),&midn,&msegn,&local,¡þû&rh[jgdata],&lgdata,&istat);¡þ//*µcheckµreturnµstatusµ*/¡þcExitOnError(-istat);¡þ—/*µstartµwritingµoutputµdataµ*/¡þÊ/*µwriteµoneµblockµofµelementsµtoµtheµsecond¡þþ³outputµdatasetµ*/¡þ2doutbr(OutputDataSet(2),&midn,&msegn,&local,¡þf&rh[jdata],&ldata,&istat);¡þš/*µcheckµreturnµstatusµ*/¡þÎExitOnError(-istat);¡þ	Z²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ	Õ1.¡X	ÕAµmodelµwithµmodelµidentificationµnumberµ²midn²,µandµmodel¡X
sequenceµnumberµ²mseqn²,µwritesµ²lgdata²µdataµelementsµofµa¡X
bgraphicsµheaderµtoµitsµsecondµoutputµdataset.¡þ
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ÎAµcallµtoµ²doutgr²,µstartingµatµ²rh[gdata]²,µtransfersµ²lgdata²µdata¡Xelementsµfromµtheµgraphicsµheaderµtoµtheµsecondµoutputµdataset.’rùD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-82¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³82¡þÏ²
²FDOUTNC²
³(Data´µOutputµ-µSetµNumberµofµColumns)¡þp²A´µmodelµusesµDOUTNCµtoµsetµtheµnumberµofµcolumnsµforµthe¡þ¹ASCII_MATRIXµfileµformat.µTheµ²number_of_columns²µargument¡þspecifiesµhowµmanyµcolumnsµofµtheµASCIIµmatrixµtoµwrite.¡þ¦TheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡,#² ¡þ#CALL´µDOUTNCµ(²!output_dataset_number² ,µ²!number_of_columns² ,µ²!status² )¡þ¹²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡,6² ¡þ6doutnc´µ(OutputDataSet(²!local_output_dataset_number² ),¡,c¡þc¡…cµ&²!number_of_columns² ,µ&²!status² )¡þ<²
Arguments¡þ¿²²output_dataset_number²¡Xis´µtheµglobalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµoutputµdataset.µThe¡XPFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ¸²local_output_dataset_numberµ²¡Xisµtheµlocalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµoutputµdataset,µas¡XIdefinedµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfile.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡X’INTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þù²number_of_columnsµ²¡X	BspecifiesµhowµmanyµcolumnsµofµtheµASCIIµfileµtoµwriteµinµthe¡X	ŠASCII_MATRIXµformat.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµC¡X	Ótypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ
:²statusµ²¡X
ƒcontainsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³25;¡X
ÌtheµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xwrite³only.’ùHD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-83¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,>,(¡Ä,(	c(¡Ä	c(	c>¡Ä	c>,>ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ(Ê(ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³83¡,É²Table 7³25³DOUTNC´µStatusµValues¡þ+²¥	öä¡S²V¤ÿýalue²¡*+¥	öä¡GS²Description²¡&+¡þ§¥	öä¡Ç²0Áã¡ÃÄþƒ)ƒ)„þ„þƒÇ²¡*§¥	öä¡GÇ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*ƒ'ƒ'„*„*ƒÇ²¡&§¡þx²
²FDOUTSB²
³(Data´µOutputµSequentialµBit_vector)¡þÿ²A´µmodelµusesµDOUTSBµtoµtransferµ²n_elements²µofµbitµvectors,¡þHrepresentedµasµFORTRAN77µ²INTEGER²µorµCµ²long²µdataµelements,¡þ‘fromµanµarrayµorµsubarrayµtoµanµoutputµdataset.µThe²µword_length²¡þÙargumentµreturnsµtheµwordµlengthµofµtheµbitµvectors.¡þdTheµFORTRAN77µsyntaxµis¡,Î² ¡þÎCALL´µDOUTSBµ(²!output_dataset_number² ,µ²!MIDN² ,µ²!MSEQN² ,¡,ü¡þü¡…üµ²!local_output_dataset_number² ,µ²!data_array² ,µ²!n_elements² ,¡,*¡þ*¡…*µ²!word_length² ,µ²!status² )¡þ²²The´µCµsyntaxµis¡,² ¡þdoutsb´µ(OutputDataSet(µ²!local_output_dataset_number² µ),µ&²!midn² ,µ&²!mseqn² ,µ¡,J¡þJ¡…Jµ&²!local_output_dataset_number² ,µ&²!data_array² ,µ&²!n_elements² ,¡,x¡þx¡…xµ&²!word_length² ,µ&²!status² )¡þ2²
Arguments¡þ£²²output_dataset_number´µ²¡Xìisµtheµglobalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµoutputµdataset.µThe¡X	5FORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ	“²MIDNµ(FORTRAN)µorµmidnµ(C)µ²¡X	Üisµtheµmodelµidentificationµnumber.µFORTRANµtypeµisµan¡X
$INTEGERµarray;µCµtypeµisµaµlongµarray;µread³onlyµaccess.¡þ
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Ìspecifiesµtheµmodelµsequenceµnumber.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡XINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.’H`D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-84¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡.7³84¡þÉ²²local_output_dataset_number´µ²¡Xisµtheµlocalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµoutputµdataset,µas¡XZdefinedµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfile.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµis¡X£INTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þ
²data_arrayµ²¡XRspecifiesµtheµarrayµorµsubarrayµfromµwhichµdataµelementsµare¡X›transferredµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.µTheµFORTRANµtypeµisµan¡XäarrayµofµINTEGERs;µtheµCµtypeµisµanµarrayµofµlongs;µaccessµis¡X,write³only.¡þ“²n_elementsµ²¡XÜspecifiesµhowµmanyµdataµelementsµtoµtransferµfromµtheµdata¡X$arrayµarrayµorµsubarrayµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.µTheµFORTRAN¡XmtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµisµread³only.¡þÓ²word_length²µ¡Xspecifiesµtheµwordµlengthµofµtheµbitµvectorsµtoµwrite.µThe¡XeFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡X­read³only.¡þ²statusµ²¡X]containsµoneµofµtheµreturnµstatusµvaluesµshownµinµTable 7³26;¡X¥theµFORTRANµtypeµisµINTEGER;µtheµCµtypeµisµlong;µaccessµis¡Xîwrite³only.’`_D“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-85¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,‹,u¡Ä,u	cu¡Ä	cu	c‹¡Ä	c‹,‹ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþuÊuÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²COSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³85¡,É²Table 7³26³DOUTSB´µStatusµValues¡þ%²¥	öä¡M²Value²¡*%¥	öä¡GM²Description²¡&%¡þ¡¥	öä¡Á²0Áã¡ÃÄþ})})~þ~þ}Ç²¡*¡¥	öä¡GÁ²Normal,´µsuccessfulµcompletion.¡ÃÄ*}'}'~*~*}Ç²¡&¡¡þ¥	öä¡-²341²¡*¥	öä¡G-²Ranµoutµofµdirectoryµspace.²¡&¡þy¥	öä¡™²342²¡*y¥	öä¡G™²Ranµoutµofµdataµspace.²¡&y¡þå¥	öä¡²344²¡*å¥	öä¡G²Invalidµnumberµofµdataµelements.²¡&å¡þQ¥	öä¡q²345²¡*Q¥	öä¡Gq²Noµgraphicsµdataµfound.²¡&Q¡þ½¥	öä¡Ý²346²¡*½¥	öä¡GÝ²Errorµonµretrievingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&½¡þ)¥	öä¡I²347²¡*)¥	öä¡GI²Errorµonµreleasingµlogicalµunitµnumber¤ÿý.²¡&)¡þ•¥	öä¡µ²348²¡*•¥	öä¡Gµ²Errorµonµfileµopen.²¡&•¡þ¥	öä¡!²349²¡*¥	öä¡G!²Errorµonµfileµclose.²¡&¡þm¥	öä¡²351²¡*m¥	öä¡G²Input/Outputµerror¤ÿý.²¡&m¡þÙ¥	öä¡ù²352²¡*Ù¥	öä¡Gù²Idµ(identifier)µnotµfound.²¡&Ù¡þ²
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Example´µforµFORTRAN77µSourceµCode¡,F² C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµoutputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµsecond¡,tCµµµµµµ**outputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡,¢µµµµµµµIDOUTµ=µIPARAM(JNDINµ+3*(2-1)µ+1)¡,ÏC¡,ýCµµµµµµ**appendµLDATAµelementsµtoµtheµsecond¡,+Cµµµµµµ**outputµdataset¡,XµµµµµµµCALLµDOUTSR(IDOUT,MIDN,MSEQN,2,RH(JDATA),LDATA,ISTAT)¡,†Cµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,´µµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,áµµµµµ$µTHEN¡,Cµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,=µµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,kCµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,˜µµµµµµµRETURN¡,ÆµµµµµµµENDµIF¡þ[²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þß1.¡XßAµmodelµwithµmodelµidentificationµnumberµ²MIDN²µandµmodel¡X&sequenceµnumberµ²MSEQN²µtransfersµ²LDATA²µdataµelementsµtoµits¡Xlsecondµoutputµdataset.¡þà2.¡XàTheµglobalµidentificationµnumberµofµtheµsecondµoutputµdatasetµis¡X'assignedµtoµtheµIDOUTµvariable.¡þš3.¡XšAµcallµtoµDOUTSR,µstartingµwithµ²RH(JDATA)²,µtransfersµ²LDATA²¡Xádataµelementsµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.¡þT4.¡XTToµtransferµtheµdataµelementsµtoµtheµ²n³th²µoutputµdatasetµinstead¡X›ofµtoµtheµsecondµoutputµdatasetµofµtheµmodule,µreplaceµ²n²µwithµthe¡Xácorrespondingµnumberµinµtheµfollowingµprogramµsection.’DóD“I501ileaf_page_string1:7-91¥	öä¥	öä¡£Á²âCOSSAP´µProceduresµandµSubroutines¡Ô¤ÿ¤7³91¡,½² C´µµµµµµ**getµtheµoutputµdatasetµidentifierµofµtheµn-th¡,êCµµµµµµ**outputµdatasetµofµthisµmodel¡,µµµµµµµIDOUTµ=µIPARAM(JNDINµ+3*(n-1)µ+1)¡,FC¡,sCµµµµµµ**appendµLDATAµelementsµtoµtheµn-th¡,¡Cµµµµµµ**outputµdataset¡,ÏµµµµµµµCALLµDOUTSR(IDOUT,MIDN,MSEQN,n,RH(JDATA),LDATA,ISTAT)¡,üCµµµµµµ**checkµreturnµstatus¡,*µµµµµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)¡,Xµµµµµ$µTHEN¡,…Cµµµµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcode¡,³µµµµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTAT¡,áCµµµµµµµµµµ**andµexit¡,µµµµµµµµµµµRETURN¡,<µµµµµµµENDµIF¡,j¡,—¡þe²
Example´µforµCµSourceµCode¡þã²/*´µappendµldataµelementsµtoµtheµn-thµoutputµdatasetµ*/¡þlocalµ=µn;¡þKdoutsr(OutputDataSet(n),&midn,&mseqn,&local,¡þ~³³&rh[jdata],&ldata,&istat);¡þ²/*µcheckµreturnµstatusµ*/¡þæExitOnError(-istat);¡þ²In´µthisµexample,µtheµfollowingµsequenceµoccurs:¡þ1.¡XAµmodelµwithµmodelµidentificationµnumberµ²midn²µandµmodel¡XLsequenceµnumberµ²mseqn²µtransfersµ²ldata²µdataµelementsµtoµits¡X“²n³th²µoutputµdataset.¡þ	2.¡X	Aµcallµtoµ²doutsr²,µstartingµatµ²rh[jdata]²,µtransfersµ²ldata²µdata¡X	Melementsµtoµtheµoutputµdataset.’óÐOPS m:m:D€‚Document:mug8ÿ‚Last saved on:Fri, Jan 2, 1998 16:17:56ÿ„ileafileafƒ	öä°wst:timsps12±:                                *'.$!!$$$$,$$$!$$/$$'$
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:Dataµflowµparadigmsµdifferµmainlyµinµtheµconstraintsµimposedµonµthe¡þ
ƒinputµandµoutputµbehaviorµofµtheµmodels.µTheµVCGµgeneratesµHDL¡þ
ÌcodeµfromµthoseµCOSSAPµconfigurationsµthatµfulfillµtheµ²staticµdata¡þflow²µparadigm.’kúD“I501ileaf_page_string1:8-2¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,C,-¡Ä,-	c-¡Ä	c-	cC¡Ä	cC,CÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ-Ê-ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Creating´µaµPrimitiveµModelµforµtheµVCG¡.8³2¡þÏ²
Fixed´µDataµRates¡þj²Static´µdataµflowµrequiresµthatµtheµportsµofµallµmodelsµinµaµstaticµdata¡þ²flowµgraphµhaveµfixedµdataµrates.µEachµportµofµaµmodelµconsumesµor¡þûproducesµtheµsameµnumberµofµvaluesµatµeachµactivationµofµthe¡þDmodel.µAµdataµflowµgraphµinµwhichµallµportµratesµareµunityµisµcalled¡þŒhomogenous.µNon³homogeneousµdataµflowµgraphsµareµcalled¡þÕmultirateµsignalµflowµgraphs.¡þsAµconditionµforµtheµexistenceµofµaµscheduleµcanµbeµderivedµfromµthe¡þ¼dataµratesµofµallµportsµinµaµconfiguration.µDuringµeachµperiodµofµthe¡þschedule,µtheµnumberµofµvaluesµwrittenµtoµanµarcµandµreadµfromµthe¡þMarcµmustµbeµequal.¡þìInµourµtargetµarchitecture,µweµassumeµfixedµprocessingµtimesµfor¡þ4eachµhardwareµmodel.µTherefore,µtheµnumberµofµclockµcycles¡þ}neededµforµoneµperiodµofµtheµalgorithmµisµtheµsameµforµallµperiods.µIn¡þÆmultirateµsystems,µseveralµvaluesµareµdistributedµoverµtheµtotal¡þnumberµofµclockµcyclesµandµtheµschemaµ(ofµtheµdistribution)µmustµbe¡þWtheµsameµforµallµimplementationsµofµallµmodelsµinµtheµlibrariesµsoµthat¡þ theyµcanµfunctionµtogetherµproperly.¡þ}²
Structural´µHDLµ(RTL)µCode¡þ	²For´µstructuralµHDLµ(RTL)µcode,µtheµvalidµdataµitemsµareµdistributed¡þ	`equidistantlyµoverµtheµclockµcycles,µrepresentingµoneµscheduling¡þ	©period.µTheµminimumµrequiredµnumberµofµclockµcyclesµrepresenting¡þ	òoneµschedulingµperiodµofµtheµalgorithmµ(theµperiodµlength)µisµthe¡þ
:lowestµcommonµmultipleµ(lcm)µofµallµportµrates.µThisµisµdenotedµby¡þ
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ÌSDSµmodelµrequiresµ²lcmµ(allµportµratesµofµthisµmodel)²µclockµcyclesµin¡þtheµHDLµmodel.’úD“I501ileaf_page_string1:8-3¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,,î¡Ä,î	cî¡Ä	cî	c¡Ä	c,ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþîÊîÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡žÁ²Creating´µaµPrimitiveµModelµforµtheµVCG¡Ô¤ÿ¾8³3¡þÉ²The´µfirstµreadµcycleµandµwriteµcycleµoccurµonµtheµfirstµclockµcycleµof¡þeveryµiterationµinterval.µForµaµsignalµinµwhichµtheµwriteµcycleµdoes¡þZnotµoccurµonµeveryµclockµcycle,µtheµdataµreadµinµaµwriteµcycleµmust¡þ£beµheldµvalidµuntilµtheµnextµwriteµcycle.¡þICharacteristicsµofµtheµequidistantµdataµitemsµschemaµare¡þÐ²S¡XÐ²Theµmodelsµareµeasyµtoµimplementµbecauseµaµlargeµnumberµof¡Xvaluesµforµtheµentireµclockµperiodµisµnotµrequired¡þŒ²S¡XŒ²Itµallowsµforµanµefficientµimplementationµofµtheµmodel¡þ²S¡X²Lessµintermediateµstorageµisµrequiredµinµtheµimplementation¡þw²S¡Xw²Theµtimingµofµtheµdataµflowµscheduleµisµeasierµtoµimplement.¡þInµtheµequidistantµtransmissionµschema,µtheµvaluesµofµtheµsignalsµin¡þTtheµclockµcyclesµbetweenµvalidµdataµitemsµareµnotµdefined.¡þ>²
Clocking¡þà²TheµhardwareµarchitectureµthatµisµimplementedµforµstructuralµRTL¡þ)codeµisµsynchronous.µThatµis,µoneµcentralµclockµexistsµforµtheµentire¡þrsystemµthatµcontrolsµtheµbehaviorµofµallµnon³combinatorialµelements¡þºofµtheµimplementation.µThereµmayµbeµclockµsignalsµwithµdifferent¡þ	periods,µorµgatedµclocks,µbutµtheyµmustµallµbeµderivedµfromµaµsingle¡þ	Lclock.µ(Asynchronousµimplementationsµinµwhichµthereµisµaµspecial¡þ	”protocol,µforµexample,µrequest/acknowledge,µwithoutµaµcommon¡þ	Ýclockµsignal,µareµnotµconsideredµhere.)¡þ
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Gated´µClocksµinµaµMultirateµSystem¡þ‘²The´µwaveformsµinµFigure 8³1µillustrateµtheµoperationµofµgatedµclocks¡þÙinµaµmultirateµsystem.µTheµclockµsignalµinµthisµdiagramµisµtheµglobal¡þ"clock.µTheµclocksµclock_1,µclock_2,µandµclock_4µareµderivedµfrom¡þktheµglobalµclockµwithµaµratioµ1:iµcorrespondingµtoµclock_i.µTheµsignals¡þ³enable_1,µenable_2,µandµenable_4µareµtheµcorrespondingµenable¡þüsignalsµforµtheµmodelsµusingµtheseµclockµsignals.¡þ	©Theµgatedµclockµsignalsµareµsynchronizedµwithµtheµresetµsignal.µThe¡þ	òresetµisµactiveµslightlyµlongerµthanµtheµfirstµpositiveµrisingµedge¡þ
:(t = 20ns).µThisµmeansµthatµtheµregistersµdoµnotµloadµvaluesµonµthis¡þ
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Ìdelayµisµ0.µInµthisµcase,µwritesµareµalwaysµperformedµinµtheµfirstµclock¡þcycleµofµanµactivation.’xD“I501ileaf_page_string1:8-9¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,¢,Œ¡Ä,Œ	cŒ¡Ä	cŒ	c¢¡Ä	c¢,¢ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþŒÊŒÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡žÁ²Creating´µaµPrimitiveµModelµforµtheµVCG¡Ô¤ÿ¾8³9¡þÉ²The´µVCGµsupportsµmultirateµmodelsµonlyµwithµaµprocessingµdelayµof¡þ0.µThisµmeansµthatµtheµpathµfromµinputµtoµoutputµisµpurely¡þZcombinatorial.µTypically,µVHDLµcodeµcontainsµbothµaµcombinatorial¡þ£pathµandµaµclock³dependentµ(sequential)µpath.¡þKTheµfirstµreadµcycleµandµwriteµcycleµoccurµonµtheµfirstµclockµcycleµof¡þ“everyµiterationµinterval.µForµaµsignalµinµwhichµtheµwriteµcycleµdoes¡þÜnotµoccurµonµeveryµclockµcycle,µtheµdataµforµaµgivenµwriteµcycleµmust¡þ%beµheldµvalidµuntilµtheµnextµwriteµcycle.µForµexample,µforµaµmodel¡þmwithµoneµinputµwithµaµrateµofµ3µandµoneµoutputµwithµaµrateµofµ1,µthe¡þ¶dataµitemµonµtheµfirstµwriteµcycleµmustµbeµheldµvalidµforµtheµnextµtwo¡þÿclockµcycles.¡þ¦NoteµthatµtheµCOSSAPµmodelsµDELAYBµandµDBVARµareµsupported¡þïbyµtheµVCGµforµmultirateµHDLµcodeµgeneration.¡þÛ²
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Ìprocedureµcalls,µwhereµtheµnameµisµspecifiedµinµtheµcorresponding¡þ.mdefµfile.’×ŒD“I501ileaf_page_string1:8-15¥	öä¥	öä¡žÁ²âCreating´µaµPrimitiveµModelµforµtheµVCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤8³15¡þÉ²The´µresetµprocedureµnameµisµgeneratedµbyµaddingµaµ_RESETµsuffix¡þtoµtheµregularµprocedureµnameµspecifiedµinµtheµcorrespondingµ.mdef¡þZfile.¡þForµtheµsyntaxµdescriptionµofµtheµ.gvhdlµfile,µreferµtoµ².gvhdl²µFile¡þ`SyntaxµforµVHDLµBehavioralµCompilerµPrimitiveµModels"µonµpage¡þ¨9³6.¡þ·²
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chapter.’D“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-2¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c¡Ä	c,ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Syntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³2¡,Õ²²X.v_arc²´µFileµSyntaxµforµVHDLµRTLµPrimitiveµModels¡þ”²The´µ.v_arcµfileµofµaµCOSSAPµprimitiveµmodelµisµwrittenµusing¡þÝstandardµVHDLµsyntax.µTheµonlyµexceptionµtoµthisµisµthatµyouµcan¡þ%includeµanµinputµdatasetµdeclaration.µTheµsyntaxµofµtheµinputµdataset¡þndeclarationµisµdescribedµinµtheµfollowingµsection.¡þR²
Declaring´µanµInputµDatasetµinµtheµ.v_arcµFile¡þñ²The´µfollowingµsectionsµdescribeµtheµsyntaxµforµdeclaringµinput¡þ:datasetµrecordsµforµVHDLµRTLµprimitiveµmodels.µThisµdeclaration¡þƒresidesµinµtheµarchitectureµ(.v_arc)µfile.µ¡þ%Forµanµexampleµofµanµinputµdatasetµdeclaration,µreferµtoµExample¡þnVHDLµCodeµ(.v_arcµFile)µUsingµanµInputµDataset"µonµpageµ10³5.¡þR²
Syntax´µforµOne³InputµDatasetµRecord¡þñ²The´µstatementsµthatµmakeµupµaµone³inputµdatasetµrecordµdeclaration¡þ:mustµappearµinµtheµorderµshownµbutµcanµappearµanywhereµinµthe¡þƒ.v_arcµfile.µTheµ--µcossapµstringµatµtheµbeginningµofµeachµlineµis¡þËrequired.µTheseµstatementsµareµtreatedµasµcommentsµinµVHDLµbut¡þ	areµrecognizedµbyµtheµVCG.µTheyµappearµinµtheµgeneratedµVHDL¡þ	]codeµwithoutµ--³cossapµandµwithµtheµappropriateµreplacement¡þ	¥values.’D“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-3¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¾9³3¡þÉ²The´µsyntaxµisµasµfollows:¡,m² [--´µcossapµconstantµ²!length_name² µ:µintegerµ:=µlength¡,š¡þš¡…š¡š(input_dataset(²!dataset_num² .²!record_num² ))];µ¡,È--µcossapµtypeµ²!type_name² µisµ²!type_definition² ;µ¡,ö--µcossapµ[constant|signal]µ²!table_name² :²!type_name² :=[²!type_name² ']¡,#¡þ#¡…#¡#¡“#µinput_dataset(²!dataset_num² .²!record_num² );¡þ¤²length_name²¡XìThe´µnameµofµtheµconstantµthatµdefinesµtheµnumberµofµrecord¡X5elementsµinµtheµinputµdatasetµ(theµlengthµofµtheµarray)µmustµbeµa¡X~legalµVHDLµidentifier.¡þ÷²lengthµ²(²input_dataset²(²dataset_num.record_num²))¡X@Theµnumberµofµrecordµelementsµinµtheµindicatedµdatasetµand¡X‰record.¡R²dataset_num²²¡”KAµnumberµthatµrepresentsµaµdataset.µTheµvalueµof¡””²dataset_num²µmustµbeµidenticalµtoµtheµvalueµdefinedµforµthe¡”Ýdatasetµinµtheµcorrespondingµ.mdefµfile.¡RV²record_num²²¡”ŸAµnumberµthatµrepresentsµaµrecordµwithinµaµdataset.¡XAllµelementsµwithinµanµinputµdatasetµrecordµmustµbeµofµtheµsame¡X_dataµtype.¡X	TheµVCGµreplacesµtheµstring¡X	Oinput_dataset(dataset_num.record_num)µwithµtheµcontentsµofµthe¡X	–COSSAPµinputµdatasetµandµreplacesµtheµstring¡X	Ülength(input_dataset(²dataset_num².²record_num²)µwithµtheµactual¡X
#numberµofµrecordµelements.¡þ
Ì²table_nameµ²¡XTheµnameµofµtheµarray;µmustµbeµaµlegalµVHDLµidentifier.’D“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-4¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³4¡þÉ²type_name²´µ¡XTheµnameµofµtheµVHDLµtypeµdefinedµinµtheµinputµdataset;µmust¡XZbeµaµlegalµVHDLµidentifier.¡þÁ²type_definition²¡X
IndicationµofµtheµVHDLµdataµtypeµofµtheµtable;µvalidµvaluesµareµas¡XRfollows:¡þ¶²BIT¡þóBIT_VECTOR¡þ0integer¡þlreal¡þ©STD_LOGIC¡þæSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR¡Xc²TheµSTD_LOGIC_VECTORµandµBIT_VECTORµdataµtypes¡XªcorrespondµdirectlyµtoµtheµCOSSAPµbit_vectorµdataµtype;µthe¡XðSTD_LOGICµandµBITµtypesµareµalsoµmappedµtoµtheµCOSSAP¡X7bit_vectorµdataµtype.¡X¹Expressionsµareµallowedµinµtype_definitionµforµdescribingµa¡Xrange.µTheµconstantµlength_nameµandµanyµgenericµparameterµof¡XGtheµcorrespondingµentityµofµtheµarchitectureµcanµbeµused.µAny¡XexpressionµthatµisµaµgenericµparameterµisµreplacedµbyµtheµVCG.¡þ.ForµaµCOSSAPµinputµdatasetµusedµinµaµbehavioralµdescription,µa¡þvpackageµisµgeneratedµwithµtheµstatementsµrepresentingµtheµtable¡þ¿definition.µBecauseµaµUSEµclauseµisµgeneratedµbeforeµthe¡þ	architecture,µtheµnamesµandµtypesµareµdefinedµandµcanµbeµusedµin¡þ	PtheµVHDLµcode.µYouµassignµanµinputµdatasetµasµaµparameterµofµa¡þ	™modelµinstanceµwithinµtheµBlockµDiagramµEditor.’eD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-5¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¾9³5¡þÏ²
Syntax´µforµMultipleµOne³InputµDatasetµRecords¡þu²The´µstatementsµthatµmakeµupµaµdeclarationµofµmultipleµone³input¡þ¾datasetµrecordsµmustµappearµinµtheµorderµshownµbutµcanµappear¡þanywhereµinµtheµ.v_arcµfile.µTheµstringsµthatµstartµwithµ--µcossapµat¡þOtheµbeginningµofµeachµlineµareµrequired.µTheseµstatementsµare¡þ˜treatedµasµcommentsµinµVHDLµbutµareµrecognizedµbyµtheµVCG.µThey¡þàappearµinµtheµgeneratedµVHDLµcodeµwithoutµ--³cossapµandµwithµthe¡þ)appropriateµreplacementµvalues.¡þÓTheµsyntaxµforµaµmultipleµone³inputµdatasetµisµasµfollows:¡,S² --´µcossapµinputdataset_begin¡,[--µconstantµ²!length_name² µ:µintegerµ:=µlength¡,®¡þ®¡…®¡®¡“®(input_dataset(²!dataset_num.² ²!record_num² ));]µ¡,Ü--µtypeµ²!type_name² µisµ²!type_definition² ;µ¡,
--µconstant|signalµ²!table_name² :µ²!type_name² :=[²!type_name² ']¡,7¡þ7¡…7¡7¡“7µinput_dataset(²!dataset_num.² ²!record_num² );¡,e--µcossapµinputdataset_end¡þþ²For´µtheµdefinitionsµofµindividualµparametersµinµtheµdeclaration,µsee¡þFSyntaxµforµOne³InputµDatasetµRecord"µonµpageµ9³2.¡þðTheµVCGµrequiresµthatµyouµdefineµeachµinputµdatasetµrecord¡þ9separately,µbutµyouµmustµdefineµallµrecordsµwithinµaµsingleµsetµofµthe¡þdelimiters¡þ	²--´µcossapµinputdataset_begin¡þ	§²and¡þ
-²--µcossapµinputdataset_end¡þ
Ì²Types´µandµsubtypesµdefinedµinµanµinputµdatasetµrecordµdelaration¡þareµusableµinµsubsequentµinputµdatasetµrecordµdelarations.’eD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-6¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,±,›¡Ä,›	c›¡Ä	c›	c±¡Ä	c±,±ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,›Ê›ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Syntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³6¡þÉ²The´µVCGµgeneratesµaµVHDLµpackageµcontainingµallµdeclaredµinput¡þdatasetµrecordsµforµeachµmodelµthatµusesµinputµdatasets.µEveryµinput¡þZdatasetµrecordµisµrepresentedµbyµatµleastµoneµtableµ(oftenµofµtype¡þ£array).¡þ@ForµCOSSAPµinputµdatasetµrecordsµusedµinµaµbehavioral¡þ‰description,µtheµVCGµgeneratesµaµpackageµwithµallµtheµstatements¡þÑrepresentingµtheµinputµdatasetµrecordµdefinitions.µBecauseµaµuse¡þclauseµisµgeneratedµbeforeµtheµarchitecture,µtheµnamesµandµtypes¡þcareµdefinedµandµcanµbeµusedµinµtheµVHDLµcode.µYouµassignµoneµor¡þ«moreµinputµdatasetsµasµnormalµparametersµofµaµmodelµinstance¡þôwithinµtheµCOSSAPµBlockµDiagramµEditor.¡,ñ².gvhdl´µFileµSyntaxµforµVHDLµBehavioralµCompiler¡,DPrimitiveµModels¡þü²This´µsectionµdescribesµtheµsyntaxµofµtheµ.gvhdlµfileµwhichµisµusedµfor¡þEprimitiveµmodelsµtargetingµBehavioralµCompiler.¡þâForµexamplesµofµ.gvhdlµcode,µreferµtoµtheµexamplesµinµtheµsection¡þ*VHDLµBehavioralµCode"µthatµbeginsµonµpageµ10³10.¡þ¨²PARAMETER(²param_number²)´µ²param_name²;¡þÜINPUT_PORT(²in_number²)µ[µ²vhdl_type²µ]µ²inport_name²;¡þ	OUTPUT_PORT(²out_number²)µ[µ²vhdl_type²µ]µ²outport_name²;¡þ	C¡þ	w²input_dataset_declaration²¡þ	«¡þ	ßlibraryµ²name_list²;¡þ
useµ²use_name_list²;¡þ
Gsubtypeµ²name²µisµ²subtype_definition;²¡þ
{typeµ²name²µisµ²type_definition;²¡þ
¯stateµ²state_nr²µ²state_name²µ:µ²vhdl_type;²¡þ
âvariable|constantµ²name²µ:µ²vhdl_type;²¡þn_phasesµ²number_phases;²’ND“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-7¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¾9³7¡þÃ²phase´µ²number²µ:µ²number_list;²¡þ÷resetµ:µ²number_list;²¡þ+inlineµresetµ{¡þ_²legal_VHDL_code¡þ’²}¡þÆinlineµphaseµ²number²{¡þú²legal_VHDL_code¡þ.²}¡þbprocedureµdefinitionµ{¡þ–²legal_VHDL_procedure_definition¡þÊ²}¡þ\²Note:²¡X¤²The´µuseµofµwaitµstatementsµinµtheµ.gvhdlµfileµisµnot¡Xórecommended.µReferµtoµpageµ8³15µforµmoreµinformation.² â¡þË²âPARAMETER(²param_number²)µ²param_name¡X²TheµPARAMETERµkeywordµdeclaresµCOSSAPµparameters.¡X\²param_number²µisµtheµnumberµofµtheµparameterµasµdefinedµinµthe¡X¥correspondingµ.mdefµfileµofµtheµmodel.µ²param_name²µisµthe¡Xîparameterµname.µNoteµthatµtheµparameterµnameµdoesµnotµhave¡X6toµcorrespondµtoµtheµparameterµnameµgivenµinµtheµ.mdefµfile.µThe¡Xparameterµnumberµ(²param_number²)µdeterminesµthe¡XÇcorrespondenceµbetweenµtheµparametersµinµtheµ.mdefµfileµand¡X.gvhdlµfile.¡XwTheµparametersµareµevaluated,µandµtheµparameterµnamesµare¡X½substitutedµbyµtheirµactualµCOSSAPµvalueµinµtheµcorresponding¡X	VHDLµcodeµpart.¡þ	†INPUT_PORT(²in_number²)µ[µ²vhdl_typeµ²]µ²inport_name²¡X	ÏOUTPUT_PORT(²out_number²)µ[µ²vhdl_typeµ²]µ²outport_name²’NuD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-8¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³8¡XÉ²The´µINPUT_PORTµandµOUTPUT_PORTµkeywordsµdeclare¡XCOSSAPµinputµandµoutputµports,µrespectively.µ²in_number²µand¡XV²out_number²µareµtheµinputµandµoutputµportµnumbers,µrespectively,¡Xofµtheµportsµasµdefinedµinµtheµcorrespondingµ.mdefµfileµofµthe¡Xãmodel.¡Xk²inport_name²µandµ²outport_name²µareµtheµinputµandµoutputµport¡X²names,µrespectively.µNoteµthatµtheµportµnamesµgivenµinµthe¡Xø.gvhdlµfileµdoµnotµhaveµtoµcorrespondµtoµtheµportµnamesµgivenµin¡X?theµ.mdefµfile.µTheµportµnumbersµ(²in_number²µandµ²out_number²)¡X…determineµtheµcorrespondenceµbetweenµtheµportsµinµtheµ.mdef¡XÌfileµandµ.gvhdlµfile.¡XS²vhdl_type²µisµaµlegalµVHDLµtype.¡þûNote:²¡XD²Theµall³uppercaseµINPUT_PORTµandµOUTPUT_PORT¡Xkeywordsµinµtheµ.gvhdlµfileµareµnotµVHDLµkeywords.¡þ²input_dataset_declaration¡X_²SeeµDeclaringµanµInputµDatasetµinµtheµ².gvhdl²µFile"µonµpageµ9³16.¡þÈlibraryµ²name_list²;¡þ1useµ²use_name_list²;¡XzTheµlibraryµandµuseµstatementsµareµstandardµVHDLµlibraryµand¡XÃpackageµdeclarations.¡X	,Noteµthatµdeclarationsµforµtheµstd_logic_1164,µstd_logic_arith,¡X	randµCOSSAP_PACKAGE_SYNOPSYSµpackagesµare¡X	¹automaticallyµincludedµinµtheµgeneratedµ.gvhdlµcodeµbyµtheµVCG.¡X
Declareµprocedureµdefinitionsµthatµareµnotµincludedµinµoneµof¡X
Ftheseµstandardµpackagesµusingµtheµlibraryµandµuseµdirectives.¡X
ÎProcedureµdefinitionsµcanµalsoµbeµincludedµinµtheµ.gvhdlµfileµitself¡X(seeµtheµprocedureµdefinitionµstatementµonµpageµ9³15).’u¤D“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-9¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¾9³9¡þÉ²type´µ²name²µisµ²type_definition²;¡XTheµtype²´µ²statement´µisµaµstandardµVHDLµtypeµdeclaration.¡XxIfµaµtypeµdefinitionµisµdefined,µresetµandµphaseµbehaviorµmustµbe¡X¿includedµasµinlineµcodeµinµtheµ.gvhdlµfile.µIfµaµtypeµdefinitionµis¡Xdefinedµandµresetµandµphaseµinlineµcodeµdoesµnotµexist,µtheµVCG¡XLoutputsµanµerrorµmessageµandµdoesµnotµgenerateµcode.¡XÏCOSSAPµparametersµcanµbeµusedµinµtype_definition.µCOSSAP¡Xparametersµareµdefinedµinµtheµ.gvhdlµfileµusingµtheµPARAMETER¡X\keywordµdescribedµonµpageµ9³7.µParametersµareµsubstitutedµin¡X¢theµgeneratedµVHDLµcodeµbyµtheµactualµvalues.¡þ%subtypeµ²name²µisµ²subtype_definition²;¡XnTheµsubtype²´µ²statement´µisµaµstandardµVHDLµsubtypeµdeclaration.¡XÔIfµaµsubtypeµdefinitionµisµdefined,µresetµandµphaseµbehaviorµmust¡Xbeµincludedµasµinlineµcodeµinµtheµ.gvhdlµfile.µIfµaµsubtype¡Xadefinitionµisµdefinedµandµresetµandµphaseµinlineµcodeµdoesµnot¡X¨exist,µtheµVCGµoutputsµanµerrorµmessageµandµdoesµnotµgenerate¡Xîcode.¡XqCOSSAPµparametersµcanµbeµusedµinµsubtype_definition.¡X¸COSSAPµparametersµareµdefinedµinµtheµ.gvhdlµfileµusingµthe¡XþPARAMETERµkeywordµdescribedµonµpageµ9³7.µParametersµare¡XEsubstitutedµinµtheµgeneratedµVHDLµcodeµbyµtheµactualµvalues.¡þÇstateµ²state_nr²µ²state_name²µ:µ²vhdl_type²;²µ¡X	²Thisµstatementµspecifiesµtheµalgorithmicµstateµofµtheµmodel,¡X	YtogetherµwithµitsµVHDLµtype.µstate_nrµisµtheµstateµnumber,¡X	¡state_nameµisµtheµstateµname,µandµvhdl_typeµisµtheµVHDLµtype¡X	êofµtheµstate.’¤ýD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-10¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³10¡XÉ²If´µvhdl_typeµcontainsµnon³standardµorµuser³definedµtypes,¡Xdeclareµtheµtypesµinµaµlibraryµorµpackageµandµuseµtheµlibraryµor¡XVuseµclauseµtoµreferenceµthatµlibraryµorµpackage.µTheµtypeµcan¡XalsoµbeµdefinedµbyµaµVHDLµtypeµdefinitionµinµtheµVHDLµtype.µIf¡Xãtheµstateµtypeµusesµaµtypeµdefinitionµofµtheµtypeµinµtheµ.gvhdlµfile,¡X*theµbehaviorµfunctionalityµmustµbeµasµinlineµcodeµinµtheµ.gvhdl¡Xqfile.¡XçCOSSAPµparametersµcanµbeµusedµinµvhdl_type.µCOSSAP¡X.parametersµareµdefinedµinµtheµ.gvhdlµfileµusingµtheµPARAMETER¡Xtkeywordµdescribedµonµpageµ9³7.µParametersµareµsubstitutedµin¡X»theµgeneratedµVHDLµcodeµbyµtheµactualµvalues.¡þINote:²¡X’²COSSAPµparametersµidentifiedµbyµaµleadingµdollarµsignµ($)µare¡XÛrecognizedµbyµtheµVCG,µhowever,µthisµmethodµofµdefining¡X#parametersµshouldµnotµbeµused.¡þœvariableµ|µconstantµ²name²µ:µ²vhdl_type¡Xå²ThisµstatementµspecifiesµtheµnamesµandµVHDLµtypesµof¡X-variablesµandµconstants.¡XŽIfµvhdl_typeµcontainsµnon³standardµorµuser³definedµtypes,¡XÔdeclareµtheµtypesµinµaµlibraryµorµpackageµandµuseµtheµLIBRARY¡XorµUSEµclauseµtoµreferenceµthatµlibraryµorµpackage.µTheµtypeµcan¡XbalsoµbeµdefinedµbyµaµVHDLµtypeµdefinitionµinµtheµVHDLµtype.¡XØCOSSAPµparametersµcanµbeµusedµinµvhdl_type.µCOSSAP¡X	parametersµareµdefinedµinµtheµ.gvhdlµfileµusingµtheµPARAMETER¡X	ekeywordµdescribedµonµpageµ9³7.µParametersµareµsubstitutedµin¡X	¬theµgeneratedµVHDLµcodeµbyµtheµactualµvalues.¡þ
:Note:²¡X
ƒ²COSSAPµparametersµidentifiedµbyµaµleadingµdollarµsignµ($)µare¡X
ÌrecognizedµbyµtheµVCG,µhowever,µthisµmethodµofµdefining¡Xparametersµshouldµnotµbeµused.’ýYD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-11¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¤9³11¡þÉ²n_phases´µ²number_phases²;¡XThisµstatementµspecifiesµtheµnumberµofµphasesµinµaµmodel.¡XZnumber_phasesµcanµbeµanµinteger,µCOSSAPµparameter,µorµan¡X£arithmeticµexpression.¡XTheµsyntaxµforµnumber_phasesµis¡þu²´µµµµµµµ²n²µ|µ²param²µ|µ²arith_exp¡Xï²n´µisµanµintegerµnumber.µparamµisµaµCOSSAPµparameter.¡X6COSSAPµparametersµareµdefinedµinµtheµ.gvhdlµfileµusingµthe¡X|PARAMETERµkeywordµdescribedµonµpageµ9³7.¡þ
Note:²¡XR²COSSAPµparametersµidentifiedµbyµaµleadingµdollarµsignµ($)µare¡X›recognizedµbyµtheµVCG,µhowever,µthisµmethodµofµdefining¡Xãparametersµshouldµnotµbeµused.¡X[arith_expµisµanµarithmeticµexpressionµusingµoneµorµmore¡X¢arithmeticµoperatorsµ(+,µ-,µ*,µorµ/)µandµintegersµand/orµCOSSAP¡Xéparameters.¡X^Forµanµexampleµofµusingµphases,µreferµtoµExampleµUsageµof¡X¥PhasesµandµDelaysµforµBehavioralµCompiler"µonµpageµ10³15.¡þphaseµ²phase_number²µ:µ²number_list²;µ¡XcThisµstatementµspecifiesµtheµreadµandµwriteµcyclesµduringµa¡X¬particularµphaseµofµaµmulti³phaseµmodel.µTheµphaseµbehaviorµis¡Xõdefinedµusingµtheµinlineµphaseµstatementµ(seeµpageµ9³13).¡X	Uphase_numberµisµtheµphaseµnumberµandµhasµtheµfollowing¡X	›syntax:¡þ
²´µµ²n²µ|µ²param²µ|µ²arith_exp²µ|µ²arith_exp²µtoµ²arith_exp²µ|µothers¡X
‡²n´µisµanµintegerµnumber.µparamµisµaµCOSSAPµparameter.¡X
ÎCOSSAPµparametersµareµdefinedµinµtheµ.gvhdlµfileµusingµthe¡XPARAMETERµkeywordµdescribedµonµpageµ9³7.’YÑD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-12¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³12¡þÉ²Note:²¡X²COSSAP´µparametersµidentifiedµbyµaµleadingµdollarµsignµ($)µare¡XZrecognizedµbyµtheµVCG,µhowever,µthisµmethodµofµdefining¡X£parametersµshouldµnotµbeµused.¡X(arith_expµisµanµarithmeticµexpressionµusingµoneµorµmore¡Xoarithmeticµoperatorsµ(+,µ-,µ*,µorµ/)µandµintegersµand/orµCOSSAP¡Xµparameters.¡X9Theµkeywordµtoµspecifiesµaµrangeµofµnumbers.¡X¼Theµkeywordµothersµspecifiesµallµotherµphases.¡þ]Note:²¡X¦²Anyµphaseµstatementsµgivenµafterµtheµothersµkeywordµare¡Xîignored.¡Xtnumber_listµisµaµcomma³separatedµlistµofµzerosµ(0)µandµonesµ(1)¡Xºthatµindicatesµwhetherµsamplesµareµreadµorµwrittenµduringµa¡Xgivenµphase.µTheµnumberµofµitemsµinµthisµlistµmustµequalµthe¡XGnumberµofµCOSSAPµinputµandµoutputµports.µForµmultipleµports,¡XŽlistµallµinputs,µthenµallµoutputsµusingµtheµorderµgivenµinµtheµ.mdef¡XÔfile.¡XXForµexample,µforµaµmodelµwithµ2µinputµportsµandµ1µoutputµport,¡þØ²n_phases´µ2;¡þ	phaseµ1µ:µ1,1,0;¡þ	?phaseµ2µ:µ0,0,1;¡X	³²indicates´µthatµtheµfirstµphaseµreadsµ1µsampleµfromµtheµfirstµand¡X	úsecondµinputµportsµandµwritesµnoµsamplesµtoµtheµoutput.µThe¡X
Asecondµphaseµwritesµtoµtheµoutputµandµdoesµnotµreadµfromµthe¡X
‡inputs.µTheµexpressionsµspecifyµtheµnumberµofµvaluesµ(0µorµ1)¡X
Îreadµfromµeachµinput,µfollowedµbyµtheµnumberµofµvaluesµ(0µorµ1)¡Xwrittenµtoµeachµoutput.’ÑôD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-13¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¤9³13¡XÉ²The´µVCGµusesµtheµinformationµinµtheµn_phasesµandµphase¡Xstatementsµtoµscheduleµtheµconfigurationµandµgenerateµthe¡XVcorrespondingµphaseµbehaviorµinµtheµVHDLµcode.¡þçresetµ:µ²number_list¡X0²Thisµstatementµspecifiesµthatµthisµmodelµhasµaµresetµbehavior¡Xyandµincludesµtheµnumberµofµvaluesµreadµfromµorµwrittenµtoµeach¡XÁportµbyµtheµreset"µaction.µTheµVCGµusesµthisµinformationµto¡X
generateµaµprocedureµcallµinµtheµresultingµVHDLµcodeµifµthereµis¡XSnoµresetµinlineµcodeµspecified.µTheµprocedureµnameµisµformedµby¡X›addingµanµ_RESET"µsuffixµtoµtheµfunctionµnameµspecifiedµinµthe¡Xä.mdefµfileµ(theµ²Implementation_Function²µinµthe¡X,IMPLEMENTATIONSµdeclarationµsection).¡XšTheµparametersµinµtheµresultingµprocedureµcallµappearµinµthe¡Xáfollowingµorder:¡þr1.¡Xrgenerics,¡þð2.¡Xðinputs,¡þo3.¡Xooutputs,¡þí4.¡Xístates,µifµany.¡XlStatesµareµspecifiedµasµtypeµout.µTheµorderµofµtheµparametersµfor¡X²aµgivenµtoken,µthatµis,µgenerics,µinputs,µoutputs,µisµasµspecifiedµin¡Xùtheµ.mdefµfile.¡þ	Šinlineµresetµ{²legal_VHDL_code²}¡X	Óinlineµphaseµ²phase_number²{²legal_VHDL_code²}¡X
ATheseµstatementsµallowµyouµtoµspecifyµresetµandµphaseµbehavior¡X
‡asµinlineµcodeµratherµthanµasµprocedureµcalls.µTheµphaseµnumber¡X
Î(phase_number)µcorrespondsµtoµtheµphaseµnumberµasµdefinedµin¡Xtheµphaseµstatementµ(seeµpageµ9³11).’ôD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-14¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³14¡XÉ²phase_number´µisµtheµphaseµnumberµandµhasµtheµfollowing¡Xsyntax:¡þ…²´µ²n²µ|µ²param²µ|µ²arith_exp²µ|µ²arith_exp²µtoµ²arith_exp²µ|µothers¡Xø²n´µisµanµintegerµnumber.µparamµisµaµCOSSAPµparameter.¡X?COSSAPµparametersµareµdefinedµinµtheµ.gvhdlµfileµusingµthe¡X†PARAMETERµkeywordµdescribedµonµpageµ9³7.¡þNote:²¡Xa²COSSAPµparametersµidentifiedµbyµaµleadingµdollarµsignµ($)µare¡XªrecognizedµbyµtheµVCG,µhowever,µthisµmethodµofµdefining¡Xòparametersµshouldµnotµbeµused.¡Xnarith_expµisµanµarithmeticµexpressionµusingµoneµorµmore¡X´arithmeticµoperatorsµ(+,µ-,µ*,µorµ/)µandµintegersµand/orµCOSSAP¡Xûparameters.¡XtTheµkeywordµtoµspecifiesµaµrangeµofµnumbers.¡XîTheµkeywordµothersµspecifiesµallµotherµphases.¡þNote:²¡XÉ²Anyµinlineµphaseµstatementsµgivenµafterµtheµothersµkeywordµare¡Xignored.¡XVariableµnamesµforµportsµandµgenericsµmustµbeµdefinedµinµthe¡XÔ.gvhdlµfileµusingµtheµPARAMETER,µINPUT_PORT,µor¡X	OUTPUT_PORTµkeyword.µTheseµnamesµareµreplacedµbyµthe¡X	arealµvariablesµtoµbeµusedµforµtheµportsµandµvaluesµinµthe¡X	¨generatedµcode.¡þ
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Forµaµbehavioralµdesignµdescription,µtheµVCGµusesµtheµinputµdataset¡þRrecordµdeclarationµtoµgenerateµanµarrayµ(oftenµofµtypeµarray)µof¡þ›datasetµvaluesµwithinµtheµpackageµthatµtheµtoolµgenerates.µTheµinput¡þädatasetµmustµbeµinµoneµofµtheµfileµformatsµthatµCOSSAPµsupports.¡þ,(Forµmoreµinformationµonµthisµfileµformat,µseeµtheµ²COSSAPµDataµFile¡þuInterfaceµUserµGuide².)¡þTheµdeclarationµofµinputµdatasetµrecordsµcanµappearµanywhereµin¡þYtheµ.gvhdlµfile.µEachµrecordµwithinµaµdatasetµmustµhaveµaµseparate¡þ¢definition.µYouµspecifyµtheµstructureµofµtheµdatasetµrecordsµinµthe¡þëBlockµDiagramµEditor.µInµtheµVCG,µyouµuseµtheµSettings²>²SetµFile¡þ3Structureµmenuµitemµtoµeitherµcreateµaµseparateµpackageµfile¡þ|containingµallµinputµdatasetµrecordsµorµincludeµtheµpackageµcodeµin¡þÅtheµdesignµfileµgeneratedµforµBehavioralµCompiler.µInµitsµgenerated¡þ	outputµfile,µtheµVCGµgeneratesµaµuseµclauseµbeforeµtheµentity¡þ	Vdefinition,µsoµinputµdatasetµvariableµnamesµandµtypesµareµdefined¡þ	ŸandµusableµinµBehavioralµCompilerµVHDLµcode.¡þ
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ƒ²Ifµtheµparameterµtypeµofµtheµtableµ(oftenµofµtypeµarray)µisµdefined¡X
Ìasµvariableµratherµthanµconstant,µtheµarrayµvalueµassignmentµis¡Xgeneratedµinµtheµarchitectureµitself,µnotµinµtheµpackage.’D“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-17¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¤9³17¡þÉ²The´µpackageµnameµisµ²top_entity_name²_packageµforµaµpackage¡þincludedµinµtheµdesignµfile;µforµaµpackageµinµaµseparateµfile,µthe¡þZpackageµnameµisµ²top_entity_name_package².vhdl.¡þýTheµsyntaxµofµanµinputµdatasetµrecordµdeclarationµisµshownµbelow.¡þ~²inputdataset´µ{¡þ²[constantµ²length_name²µ:µintegerµ:=µlength¡þæµµ(input_dataset(²dataset_num.²²record_num²));]¡þµµtypeµ²type_name²µisµ²type_definition²;¡þNµµconstant|signal|variableµ²table_name²µ:µ²type_name²µ:=¡þ‚[²type_name²']¡þ¶µµinput_dataset(²dataset_num.²²record_num²);¡þê}¡þ…²For´µtheµdefinitionsµofµindividualµparametersµinµtheµdeclaration,µsee¡þÍSyntaxµforµOne³InputµDatasetµRecord"µonµpageµ9³2.¡þpTypesµandµsubtypesµyouµdefineµinµanµinputµdatasetµrecord¡þ¹declarationµareµusableµinµsubsequentµinputµdatasetµrecord¡þdeclarations.¡þ¤Ifµtheµarrayµrepresentingµtheµinputµdatasetµrecordµisµofµtypeµvariable,¡þítheµVCGµgeneratesµtheµarrayµdeclarationµinµtheµvariableµdeclaration¡þ5partµofµtheµBehavioralµCompilerµcode.µTheµvalueµassignment¡þ~happensµinµtheµresetµbehaviorµofµtheµBehavioralµCompilerµcode.’jD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-18¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Syntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³18¡þÏ²
Using´µtheµIfµElse"µConstructµinµtheµ.gvhdlµFile¡þn²Use´µtheµifµelse"µconstructµtoµgenerateµVHDLµBCµcodeµthatµdepends¡þ¶onµtheµvaluesµofµparticularµCOSSAPµparameters.µTheµsyntaxµisµas¡þÿfollows:¡þ²´µµµµifµ(²relative_exp²)µ{µ²gvhdl_code²µ}¡þ´µµµµµµelseµµ(µµifµ(²relative_exp²)µ{µ²gvhdl_code²µ}µ¡þè¡…è¡è¡“è¡èelseµ....)µ|¡þµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ{µ²gvhdl_code²µ}¡þ®²gvhdl_code´µmustµbeµaµcompleteµgvhdlµdescription.¡þQrelative_expµisµaµ0,µ1,µorµaµrelativeµexpressionµusingµoneµorµmore¡þšrelativeµoperators.µTheµexpressionµcanµcontainµintegers,µCOSSAP¡þâparameters,µorµarithmeticµexpressionsµ(seeµarith_expµdescribedµfor¡þ+theµphaseµnumber).µTheµrelativeµoperatorsµcanµbeµoneµorµmoreµof¡þstheµfollowing:¡”==µorµµ=¡V(equal)¡”P/=µorµ!=µ¡VP(notµequal)¡”˜>µ¡V˜(greaterµthan)¡”á>=µ¡Vá(greaterµthanµorµequal)¡”*<µ¡V*(lessµthan)¡”r<=¡Vr(lessµthanµorµequal)¡þ÷relative_expµequalµtoµ0µmeansµfalse;µ1µmeansµtrue.¡þ	šForµanµexampleµofµusingµtheµifµelse"µconstruct,µreferµtoµExampleµif¡þ	âelse"µConstructµforµVHDLµBehavioralµCompiler"µonµpageµ10³18.’jKD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-19¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,º,¤¡Ä,¤	c¤¡Ä	c¤	cº¡Ä	cº,ºÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ¤Ê¤ÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,[,E¡Ä,E	cE¡Ä	cE	c[¡Ä	c[,[ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,EÊEÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä, ,Š¡Ä,Š	cŠ¡Ä	cŠ	c ¡Ä	c , ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþŠÊŠÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²Syntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¤9³19¡þÏ²
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ƒForµanµexampleµofµanµinputµdatasetµrecordµdeclaration,µreferµto¡þ
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%²dataset_num²µinputµdatasetµfile.¡þ
ƒ²dataset_nameµ²¡X
Ìisµtheµnameµofµtheµone³dimensionalµarrayµthatµcontainsµthe¡Xcompleteµspecifiedµinputµdatasetµrecord.’×™D“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-21¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,',¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c'¡Ä	c','ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²Syntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¤9³21¡þÉ²Allowed´µparameterµidentifiersµinµ²express²µareµparametersµdefined¡þbeforeµtheµarrayµisµgeneratedµ(allµdefinedµparametersµbefore¡þZinput/outputµportµdeclarations)µandµtheµlengthµparameterµidentifier¡þ£name.¡þBForµeveryµinstanceµofµaµprimitiveµVerilogµmodelµwithµanµinput¡þ‹dataset,µtheµrecordµelementsµareµgeneratedµinµtheµmoduleµitself.¡þÔEveryµinputµdatasetµrecordµisµrepresentedµbyµatµleastµoneµarray.µYou¡þassignµoneµorµmoreµinputµdatasetsµasµnormalµparametersµofµaµmodel¡þeinstanceµwithinµtheµCOSSAPµBlockµDiagramµEditor.¡,g²²X.gv²´µFileµSyntaxµforµVerilogµBehavioralµCompiler¡,ºPrimitiveµModels¡þu²This´µsectionµdescribesµtheµsyntaxµofµtheµ.gvµfileµthatµisµusedµfor¡þ½VerilogµprimitiveµmodelsµtargetingµBehavioralµCompiler.¡þ<²PARAMETER(²param_number²)´µ²param_name²;¡þpINPUT_PORT(²in_number²)µ[µ²express²µ:µ²express²µ]µ²inport_name²;¡þ¤OUTPUT_PORT(²out_number²)µ[µ²express²µ:µ²express²µ]¡þØ²outport_name²;¡þ¡þ@²input_dataset_declaration²¡þt¡þ¨stateµ²state_nr²µ²verilog_reg_declaration;¡þÜ²parameterµ²id²µ=µ²express;¡þ	²regµ²register_definition;²¡þ	C¡þ	wn_phasesµ:µ²express;²¡þ	«phaseµ²number²µ:µ²number_list;²¡þ	ßresetµ:µ²number_list;²¡þ
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¯²}¡þ
âinlineµphaseµ²number²{¡þ²phase_behavior’™hD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-22¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³22¡þÃ²²}¡þ÷function´µdefinitionµ{¡þ+²legal_Verilog_function_definition¡þ_²}¡þò²For´µexamplesµofµ.gvµcode,µreferµtoµtheµexamplesµinµtheµsection¡þ;VerilogµBehavioralµCode"µthatµbeginsµonµpageµ10³27.¡þÃPARAMETER(²param_number²)µ²param_name¡X²TheµPARAMETERµkeywordµdeclaresµCOSSAPµparameters.¡XT²param_numberµ²isµtheµnumberµofµtheµparameterµasµdefinedµinµthe¡Xcorrespondingµ.mdefµfileµofµtheµmodel.µ²param_nameµ²isµthe¡Xåparameterµname.µNoteµthatµ²param_nameµ²doesµnotµhaveµto¡X.correspondµtoµtheµparameterµnameµgivenµinµtheµ.mdefµfile.µThe¡Xwparameterµnumberµ(²param_number²)µdeterminesµthe¡X¿correspondenceµbetweenµtheµparametersµinµtheµ.mdefµfileµand¡X.gvµfile.¡XpModuleµparametersµhaveµnoµtypeµinµVerilog.¡XöTheµparametersµareµevaluated,µandµtheµparameterµnamesµare¡X<substitutedµbyµtheirµactualµCOSSAPµvalueµinµtheµcorresponding¡XƒVerilogµpartµofµtheµcode.¡þ(Note:²¡Xq²Theµall³uppercaseµPARAMETERµkeywordµinµtheµ.gvµfileµis¡X¹differentµthanµtheµparameterµkeywordµinµVerilog.¡þ	AINPUT_PORT(²in_number²)µ[µ²express²µ:µ²express²µ]µ²inport_name²¡þ	©OUTPUT_PORT(²out_number²)µ[µ²express²µ:µ²express²µ]µ²outport_name²¡X	òTheµINPUT_PORTµandµOUTPUT_PORTµkeywordsµdeclare¡X
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ƒ²out_number²µareµtheµinputµandµoutputµportµnumbers,µrespectively,¡X
Ìofµtheµportsµasµdefinedµinµtheµcorrespondingµ.mdefµfileµofµthe¡Xmodel.’hD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-23¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¤9³23¡XÉ²²inport_name²´µandµ²outport_name²µareµtheµinputµandµoutputµport¡Xnames,µrespectively.µNoteµthatµtheµportµnamesµgivenµinµtheµ.gv¡XVfileµdoµnotµhaveµtoµcorrespondµtoµtheµportµnamesµgivenµinµthe¡X.mdefµfile.µTheµportµnumbersµ(²in_number²µandµ²out_number²)¡Xãdetermineµtheµcorrespondenceµbetweenµtheµportsµinµtheµ.mdef¡X*fileµandµ.gvµfile.¡X£²express²µisµaµlegalµVerilogµexpression.¡XTheµportsµareµdeclaredµasµregµinµtheµgeneratedµcode.µPort¡XcnamesµareµreplacedµbyµactualµsignalµnamesµinµtheµCOSSAP¡Xªdesign.µAµuniqueµsuffixµisµappendedµtoµeachµportµnameµinµthe¡Xðgeneratedµcode.¡þƒNote:²¡XË²TheµINPUT_PORTµandµOUTPUT_PORTµkeywordsµareµnot¡XVerilogµkeywords.¡þ²input_dataset_declaration²¡XØSeeµDeclaringµanµInputµDatasetµinµtheµ².gv²µFile"µonµpageµ9³27.¡þ:stateµ²state_nr²µ²verilog_reg_declaration²;²µ¡X‚²Theµstateµkeywordµdeclaresµalgorithmic/internalµstates.µstate_nr¡XËrepresentsµtheµcurrentµnumberµofµtheµusedµalgorithmicµstate.¡Xverilog_reg_declarationµtakesµoneµofµtheµfollowingµforms:¡þr²²state_name²¡þ¦[´µ²express²µ:µ²express²µ]µ²state_name²¡þÚ²state_name²µ[µ²express²µ:µ²express²µ]¡þ	[µ²express²µ:µ²express²µ]µ²state_name²µ[µ²express²µ:µ²express²µ]¡X	²²state_name²´µisµaµlegalµVerilogµidentifierµandµisµusedµinµtheµ.gvµfile¡X	Çasµaµstate.µ²express²µisµaµlegalµVerilogµexpression.¡X
ATheµstateµvariablesµappearµasµregistersµinµtheµregµdeclaration¡X
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Îformedµbyµappendingµaµuniqueµsuffixµtoµtheµstateµname¡X(²state_name²).’*D“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-24¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³24¡þÉ²parameter´µ²id²µ=µ²express²;¡X²id²µisµaµlegalµVerilogµidentifierµname.µ²express²µisµaµlegalµVerilog¡XZexpression.¡XÍTheµparameterµdeclarationsµappearµinµtheµgeneratedµVerilogµBC¡Xcodeµinµtheµsameµorderµtheyµareµfoundµinµtheµ.gvµfile.µAµunique¡XZsuffixµisµappendedµtoµeachµparameterµidentifierµinµtheµgenerated¡X¡code.¡þ<regµ²register_definition²;¡X„TheµregµdeclarationµisµusedµtoµdefineµvariablesµinµVerilog.¡XÍ²register_definition²µtakesµoneµofµtheµfollowingµforms:¡þ>²²param_name²¡þr[´µ²express²µ:µ²express²µ]µ²param_name²¡þ¥²param_name²µ[µ²express²µ:µ²express²µ]¡þÙ[µ²express²µ:µ²express²µ]µ²param_name²µ[µ²express²µ:µ²express²µ]¡XP²²param_name²´µisµaµlegalµVerilogµidentifierµnameµandµisµusedµinµthe¡X–.gvµfile.µ²express²µisµaµlegalµVerilogµexpression.¡X1Theµvariableµ(reg)µdeclarationsµappearµinµtheµgeneratedµVerilog¡XxBCµcodeµinµtheµsameµorderµtheyµareµfoundµinµtheµ.gvµfile.µA¡X¾uniqueµsuffixµisµappendedµtoµeachµ²param_name²µinµtheµgenerated¡Xcode.¡þ n_phasesµ:µ²express²;¡XèThisµstatementµspecifiesµtheµnumberµofµphasesµinµaµmodel.µThe¡X	1numberµofµphasesµisµusedµbyµtheµschedulerµtoµgenerateµthe¡X	zscheduling.¡X	ì²express²µisµanµexpression.¡X
‡Forµanµexampleµofµusingµphases,µreferµtoµExampleµUsageµof¡X
ÎPhasesµandµDelaysµforµVerilogµBehavioralµCompiler"µonµpage¡X10³29.’*¹D“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-25¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¤9³25¡þÉ²phase´µ²phase_number²µ:µ²number_list²;µ¡XThisµstatementµspecifiesµtheµreadµandµwriteµcyclesµduringµa¡XZparticularµphaseµofµaµmulti³phaseµmodel.µTheµphaseµbehaviorµis¡X£definedµusingµtheµinlineµphaseµstatementµ(seeµpageµ9³26).µThis¡Xìinformationµisµusedµbyµtheµschedulerµtoµgenerateµscheduling.¡XRTheµcodeµrepresentingµaµparticularµphaseµisµgeneratedµinµthe¡X™orderµtheµschedulerµhasµcalculated.¡X²phase_number²µisµtheµphaseµnumberµandµhasµtheµfollowing¡Xbsyntax:¡þÞ²´µµexpressµ|µexpressµtoµexpressµ|µothers¡þµ¡X~²²express²´µisµanµexpression.¡XTheµkeywordµtoµspecifiesµaµrangeµofµnumbers.¡XƒTheµkeywordµothersµspecifiesµallµotherµphases.µAnyµphase¡XÉstatementsµgivenµafterµtheµothersµkeywordµareµignored.¡XL²number_listµ²isµaµcomma³separatedµlistµofµzerosµ(0)µandµonesµ(1)¡X’thatµindicatesµwhetherµsamplesµareµreadµorµwrittenµduringµa¡XÙgivenµphase.µTheµnumberµofµitemsµinµthisµlistµmustµequalµthe¡X numberµofµCOSSAPµinputµandµoutputµports.µForµmultipleµports,¡Xflistµallµinputs,µthenµallµoutputsµusingµtheµorderµgivenµinµtheµ.mdef¡X­file.¡X	/Aµ0µforµanµinputµportµindicatesµreadµnoµsample"µinµthisµphase;µa¡X	v1µindicatesµreadµaµsample".µAµ0µforµanµoutputµportµindicates¡X	¼writeµnoµsample"µinµthisµphase;µaµ1µindicatesµwriteµaµsample".’¹!D“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-26¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³26¡XÉ²For´µexample,µforµaµmodelµwithµ2µinputµportsµandµ1µoutputµport,¡þW²n_phases´µ2;¡þ‹phaseµ1µ:µ1,1,0;¡þ¿phaseµ2µ:µ0,0,1;¡X5²indicates´µthatµtheµfirstµphaseµreadsµ1µsampleµfromµtheµfirstµand¡X{secondµinputµportsµandµwritesµnoµsamplesµtoµtheµoutput.µThe¡XÂsecondµphaseµecondµphaseµwritesµtoµtheµoutputµandµdoesµnot¡Xreadµfromµtheµinputs.µTheµexpressionsµspecifyµtheµnumberµof¡XOvaluesµ(0µorµ1)µreadµfromµeachµinput,µfollowedµbyµtheµnumberµof¡X•valuesµ(0µorµ1)µwrittenµtoµeachµoutput.¡þ&resetµ:µ²number_list²;µ¡XoThisµstatementµspecifiesµthatµthisµmodelµhasµaµresetµbehavior¡X·andµincludesµtheµnumberµofµvaluesµreadµfromµorµwrittenµtoµeach¡Xportµbyµtheµreset"µaction.µTheµVCGµusesµthisµinformationµto¡XIgenerateµaµprocedureµcallµinµtheµresultingµVerilogµcodeµifµthereµis¡X‘noµresetµinlineµcodeµspecified.µTheµprocedureµnameµisµformedµby¡XÚaddingµanµ_RESET"µsuffixµtoµtheµfunctionµnameµspecifiedµinµthe¡X#.mdefµfileµ(theµimplementationµfunctionµinµthe¡XkIMPLEMENTATIONSµdeclarationµsection).¡XÙTheµparametersµinµtheµresultingµprocedureµcallµappearµinµthe¡X followingµorder:µ(1)µgenerics,µ(2)µinputs,µ(3)µoutputs,µ(4)µstates,µif¡Xfany.µStatesµareµspecifiedµasµtypeµout.µTheµorderµofµthe¡X­parametersµforµaµgivenµtokenµ(thatµis,µgenerics,µinputs,µoutputs),¡Xóisµasµspecifiedµinµtheµ.mdefµfile.¡þ	„inlineµresetµ{²reset_behavior²}¡þ	òinlineµphaseµ²phase_umber²{²phase_behavior²}¡X
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Ì(phase_number)µcorrespondsµtoµtheµphaseµnumberµasµdefinedµin¡Xtheµphaseµstatementµ(seeµpageµ9³25).’!MD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-27¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,à,Ê¡Ä,Ê	cÊ¡Ä	cÊ	cà¡Ä	cà,àÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÊÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²Syntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¤9³27¡XÉ²phase_number²´µhasµtheµfollowingµsyntax:¡þ;²´µµexpressµ|µexpressµtoµexpressµ|µothers¡þqµ¡XÒ²²express²´µisµanµexpression.¡XJTheµkeywordµtoµspecifiesµaµrangeµofµnumbers.¡XÂTheµkeywordµothersµspecifiesµallµotherµphases.µAnyµinlineµphase¡X	statementsµgivenµafterµtheµothersµkeywordµareµignored.¡XVariableµnamesµforµportsµandµgenericsµmustµbeµdefinedµinµtheµ.gv¡XÈfileµusingµtheµPARAMETER,µINPUT_PORT,µorµOUTPUT_PORT¡Xkeyword.µTheseµnamesµareµreplacedµbyµtheµrealµvariablesµtoµbe¡XUusedµforµtheµportsµandµvaluesµinµtheµgeneratedµcode.¡þÍfunctionµdefinitionµ{²Verilog_function_definition²}¡XThisµstatementµdefinesµaµfunction.µAllµtextµbetweenµtheµbracesµ({¡X^})µappearsµinµtheµgeneratedµcode.¡X¿Forµeveryµfunction,µaµnewµfunctionµnameµisµgenerated.µThe¡Xparametersµinµaµfunctionµareµreplacedµbyµtheirµactualµvalues.µItµis¡XMnotµpossibleµtoµassignµaµnewµvalueµtoµsuchµaµparameter.¡XÅTheµfunctionµnamesµareµreplacedµinµtheµgeneratedµcode.µThe¡Xfunctionµdeclarationµ(body)µisµgeneratedµafterµtheµendµofµthe¡XRalwaysµendµstatementµandµbeforeµtheµendmoduleµstatement.¡þ	²
Declaring´µanµInputµDatasetµinµtheµ.gvµFileµ¡þ	©²Input´µdatasetsµallowµyouµtoµdefine,µinµaµseparateµfile,µinputµvaluesµfor¡þ	òaµmodel.µForµexample,µanµinputµdatasetµcouldµspecifyµinitialµROM¡þ
:valuesµorµfilterµcoefficients.µCOSSAPµinputµdatasetµfilesµareµcreated¡þ
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Ìcodeµgeneration.µYouµcanµoptionallyµuseµtheµinputdatasetµkeyword¡þtoµdeclareµinputµdatasetµrecordsµinµtheµgeneric"µVerilogµ(.gv)µfile.’M=D“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-28¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³28¡þÉ²The´µinputµdatasetµmustµbeµinµoneµofµtheµfileµformatsµthatµCOSSAP¡þsupports.µ(Forµmoreµinformationµonµthisµfileµformat,µseeµthe¡þZ²COSSAPµDataµFileµInterfaceµUserµGuide².)¡þàTheµdeclarationµofµinputµdatasetµrecordsµcanµappearµanywhereµin¡þ(theµ.gvµfile.µEachµrecordµwithinµanµinputµdatasetµmustµhaveµa¡þqseparateµdefinition.µYouµspecifyµtheµstructureµofµtheµdatasetµrecords¡þºinµtheµBlockµDiagramµEditor.µAllµspecifiedµinputµdatasetµrecordsµare¡þincludedµinµtheµgeneratedµVerilogµmodule.¡þ¶²
Syntax´µinµtheµ.gvµFile¡þ8²The´µsyntaxµofµanµinputµdatasetµrecordµdeclarationµisµshownµbelow.¡,ž² inputdataset´µ{¡,Ì[parameterµ²!p_name² µ=µlength(input_dataset(²!dataset_num² .²!record_num² ));]¡,úparameter[²!express² :²!express² ]µ²!dataset_name² =input_dataset(²!dataset_num² .²!record_num² );¡,'}¡þ®²The´µinputµdatasetµrecordµisµdefinedµbetweenµtheµbracesµ({µandµ})¡þöfollowingµtheµkeywordµinputdataset.¡þ|Theµfirstµlineµisµoptionalµandµdefinesµaµparameterµofµtheµdataset¡þÄrecordµlength.µThisµparameterµisµassignedµtheµnumberµofµelements¡þinµaµrecordµofµanµinputµdataset.¡þ’²p_name²µisµaµlegalµVerilogµidentifierµandµrepresentsµtheµnumberµof¡þÛdataµelementsµinµtheµinputµdatasetµrecordµcorrespondingµtoµdataset¡þ	$numberµ²dataset_num²µandµrecordµ²record_num².µ²dataset_num²µisµa¡þ	lpositiveµintegerµandµrepresentsµtheµinputµdatasetµnumber.¡þ	µ²record_num²µisµaµpositiveµintegerµandµrepresentsµtheµrecordµnumber¡þ	þofµinputµdatasetµ²dataset_num².¡þ
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Ìnumberµofµelementsµinµrecordµ²record_num²µofµinputµdataset¡þ²dataset_num².’=˜D“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-29¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¤9³29¡þÉ²The´µsecondµlineµisµrequiredµandµdefinesµanµarrayµthatµisµassignedµa¡þcompleteµinputµdatasetµrecordµasµoneµelement.¡þ­²express²µisµaµlegalµVerilogµexpression.µTheµonlyµallowedµparameter¡þönamesµareµtheµlengthµparameterµandµparametersµthatµhaveµalready¡þ>beenµdeclaredµwithµtheµPARAMETERµkeywordµinµtheµ.gvµfile.¡þÚ²dataset_name²µisµaµnamedµarrayµthatµrepresentsµtheµinputµdataset¡þ"recordµ(withµitsµelements)µinµtheµVerilogµcode.¡þ¾input_dataset(²dataset_num².²record_num²)µrepresentsµtheµrecord¡þelementsµinµtheµ²record_num²µrecordµofµtheµinputµdataset¡þOcorrespondingµtoµ²dataset_num².¡þ'²
Generated´µVerilogµBCµCode¡þ¿²From´µtheµinputµdatasetµdeclarationsµinµtheµ.gvµfile,µtheµVCG¡þgeneratesµinputµdatasetµspecificµparametersµinµtheµVerilogµBC¡þPmodule.µTheseµdatasetµparameterµdeclarationsµareµlocatedµbefore¡þ™theµinput/outputµportµdeclarationsµofµtheµoutputµVerilogµmodule.¡þ4Separateµfilesµareµnotµgeneratedµtoµcontainµtheµinputµdatasetµ(asµis¡þ|possibleµwithµVHDL).µThisµisµbecauseµVerilogµdoesµnotµsupportµa¡þÅpackage"µfeature.µInstead,µVerilogµparameterµstatementsµare¡þ	generated.µInputµdatasetµrecordsµareµimplementedµasµ1³dimensional¡þ	Vconstants.µVerilogµrestrictsµtheµaddressingµofµconstants.µToµaccess¡þ	Ÿaµrangeµofµbitsµinµaµconstant,µitµisµnecessaryµtoµmoveµtheµconstant¡þ	èintoµaµtemporaryµvariableµfirst.¡þ
ƒNote:²¡X
Ì²Beµawareµthatµwhenµcreatingµtheµinputµdataset,µyouµare¡Xresponsibleµforµtheµcorrectnessµofµtheµinputµdatasetµstatements.’˜ëD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-30¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âSyntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³30¡þÉ²Every´µparameterµdeclaredµinµtheµinputµdatasetµrecordµdefinitionµfrom¡þtheµ.gvµfileµreceivesµtheµsuffixµ_dsId_²num²",µwhereµ²num²µisµtheµunique¡þZ(internalµtoµtheµVCG)µdatasetµidentificationµnumber.µIfµtheµinput¡þ£datasetsµareµfromµdifferentµmodels,µorµifµthereµareµinstantiationsµof¡þìtheµsameµmodelsµwithµdifferentµinputµdatasetsµ(record),µthese¡þ4numbersµwillµdiffer.¡þòlength(input_dataset(²dataset_num².²record_num²))µisµreplacedµbyµthe¡þ:numberµofµrecordµelementsµinµtheµspecifiedµinputµdatasetµ(and¡þƒrecord).¡þAinput_dataset(²dataset_num².²record_num²)µisµreplacedµbyµtheµactual¡þ‰recordµelements.µTheµelementsµareµseparatedµbyµcommasµandµare¡þÒlistedµbetweenµbracesµ({µµ}).¡þTheµsingleµrecordµelementsµareµgeneratedµwithµaµprefixµthatµhasµthe¡þØfollowingµsyntax:µ²l²'b,µwhereµ²l²µisµtheµnumberµofµbitsµinµtheµrecord¡þ!element.¡þ1²
Example´µofµanµInputµDatasetµDeclaration¡þì²This´µexampleµcontainsµexampleµcodeµsegmentsµillustratingµanµinput¡þ	4datasetµdeclarationµinµaµ.gvµfileµandµtheµresultingµVCG³generated¡þ	}VerilogµBCµcode.µForµanµadditionalµexample,µreferµtoµExampleµInput¡þ	ÆDatasetµUsageµforµVerilogµBehavioralµCompiler"µonµpageµ10³28.¡þ
ƒTheµfollowingµinputµdatasetµrecordµdeclarationµcodeµsegmentµis¡þ
Ìtakenµfromµtheµfile¡þ$COSSAP_DIR/models/btarch/verilog_bc/rom.gv.’ë6D“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-31¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,¯,™¡Ä,™	c™¡Ä	c™	c¯¡Ä	c¯,¯ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ™Ê™ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡Á²Syntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡Ô¤ÿ¤9³31¡þÃ²inputdataset¡þ÷{¡þ+´µµparameterµRomDepthµ=µlength(input_dataset(1.1));¡þ_µµparameterµ[RomDepthµ*µDATA_WIDTHµ-µ1µ:µ0]µromcµ=¡þ’input_dataset(1.1);¡þÆ}¡þú...¡þ.romb[l]µ=µromc[j+l];¡þ¼²The´µfollowingµisµtheµVerilogµBCµcodeµthatµisµgeneratedµfromµthe¡þaboveµinputµdatasetµdeclaration:¡þ€²parameter´µRomDepth_dsId_1µ=µ4;¡þ´parameterµ[µRomDepth_dsId_1µ*µ8µ-µ1µ:µ0µ]µromc_dsId_1µ=µ{¡þèµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ8'b00000001,¡þµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ8'b00000101,¡þPµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ8'b00010001,¡þ„µµµµµµµµµµµµµµ8'b01000001¡þ¸µµµµµµµµµµµ};¡þë...¡þromb_M_M0_1_1[l]µ=µromc_dsId_1[j+l];¡þé²
Using´µtheµIfµElse"µConstructµinµtheµ.gvµFile¡þ²Use´µtheµifµelse"µconstructµtoµgenerateµVerilogµBCµcodeµthat¡þÈdependsµonµtheµvaluesµofµparticularµCOSSAPµparameters.µThe¡þsyntaxµisµasµfollows:¡þŒ²´µµµµifµ(²relative_exp²)µ{µ²gv_code²µ}¡þÀµµµµµµelseµµ(µµifµ(²relative_exp²)µ{µ²gv_code²µ}µ¡þó¡…ó¡ó¡“ó¡óelseµ....)µ|¡þ	'µµµµµµµµµµµµµµ{µ²gv_code²µ}¡X	£²gv_code´µ²mustµbeµaµcompleteµgenericµVerilogµ(.gv)µdescription.¡þ
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ƒrelativeµoperators.µTheµexpressionµcanµcontainµintegers,µCOSSAP¡þ
Ìparameters,µorµarithmeticµexpressions.µTheµrelativeµoperatorsµcan¡þbeµoneµorµmoreµofµtheµfollowing:’6FD“I501ileaf_page_string1:9-32¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,.,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c.¡Ä	c.,.ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,Ô,¾¡Ä,¾	c¾¡Ä	c¾	cÔ¡Ä	cÔ,ÔÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ¾Ê¾ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Syntax´µDescriptionsµforµVCGµPrimitiveµModels¡.9³32¡”É²==´µorµµ=¡VÉ(equal)¡”/=µorµ!=µ¡V(notµequal)¡”Z>µ¡VZ(greaterµthan)¡”£>=µ¡V£(greaterµthanµorµequal)¡”ì<µ¡Vì(lessµthan)¡”4<=¡V4(lessµthanµorµequal)¡X›²relative_exp²µequalµtoµ0µmeansµfalse;µ1µmeansµtrue.¡þ<Forµanµexampleµofµusingµtheµifµelse"µconstruct,µreferµtoµExampleµif¡þ„else"µConstructµforµVerilogµBehavioralµCompiler"µonµpageµ10³33.¡þh²
Including´µCommentsµinµtheµ.gvµFile¡þ²Verilog´µcommentsµcanµappearµanywhereµinµtheµ.gvµfile.µVerilog¡þPcommentsµbetweenµtheµbracesµ({µ})µforµtheµinlineµcodeµorµfunction¡þ™definitionsµappearµinµtheµgeneratedµVerilogµcode.µCommentsµthat¡þáareµnotµbetweenµtheµbracesµareµnotµincludedµinµtheµgenerated¡þ*Verilogµfile.¡þ²
Reserved´µWordsµ(Keywords)¡þ®²The´µfollowingµareµreservedµwords:¡þ	/²definition¡“	/¡	/¡¡	/else¡þ	cif¡…	c¡	c¡“	c¡	c¡¡	cinline¡þ	—inputdataset¡“	—¡	—n_phases¡þ	Ëothers¡	Ë¡“	Ë¡	Ë¡¡	Ëphase¡þ	ÿreset¡	ÿ¡“	ÿ¡	ÿ¡¡	ÿstate¡þ
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statementµinµtheµprocessµstatementµsectionµofµtheµcodeµisµan¡X
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ÌFromµthisµarchitectureµfileµ(.v_arcµfile),µtheµVCGµthenµgeneratesµthe¡þpackageµcontainingµtheµinputµdatasetµandµtheµentity/architectureµfile.’Þ>D“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-8¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âExamples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡.10³8¡þÉ²The´µdatasetµpackageµnameµisµformedµusingµaµTable_"µprefix¡þfollowedµbyµtheµarchitectureµnameµandµanµ_n"µsuffix.µTheµn¡þZrepresentsµtheµuniqueµdatasetµidentification.µForµthisµexample,µthe¡þ£packageµnameµis¡þ$²Table_MYROM_1¡þ¶²Ifµtheµdatasetµpackageµisµgeneratedµinµaµseparateµfile,µtheµfileµname¡þÿofµtheµpackageµisµidenticalµtoµtheµpackageµnameµexceptµin¡þHlowercaseµletters,µforµexample,µtable_myrom_1.¡þêForµthisµexample,µweµassumeµthatµtheµWLµparameterµhasµtheµvalue¡þ38µ(theµvalueµofµtheµinstance)µandµtheµCOSSAPµinputµdatasetµuses¡þ|COSSAP_ASCIIµfileµformat.µTheµfileµnameµofµtheµinputµdatasetµis¡þÄ${COSSAP_USER_D}/myrom.ca.µItµisµdefinedµas¡þF²#´µµµµ4µ(B)µ¡þz00000001µ¡þ®00000101µ¡þá00010001µ¡þ01000001µ¡þI#µµµµ-1µ(I)¡þä²Refer´µtoµtheµ²COSSAPµDataµFileµInterfaceµUserµGuide²µforµdetailed¡þ-informationµregardingµinputµdatasetµformats.¡þÏTheµfollowingµisµtheµgeneratedµpackage.’>óD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-9¥	öä¥	öä¡¥Á²âExamples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡Ô¤ÿ¤10³9¡,½² --´µTableµinµpackageµrepresentsµtheµcontentsµofµtheµcossapµinputdatasetµ¡,ê--µµµµµµµ${COSSAP_USER_D}/myrom.caµµ¡,LibraryµIEEE;µ¡,FuseµIEEE.std_logic_1164.all;µµ¡,spackageµTable_MYROM_1µisµ¡,¡µµconstantµnTableElemµ:µintegerµ:=µ4;µµµ¡,Ïµµtypeµrom_typeµisµarrayµ(0µtoµnTableElem-1)µofµSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR(8-1µdownto¡,ü0);µµ¡,*¡,Xµµconstantµmy_romµ:µrom_typeµ:=µrom_type'µ(¡,…µµµµµµµµ"00000001",µ¡,³µµµµµµµµ"00000101",µ¡,áµµµµµµµµ"00010001",µ¡,µµµµµµµµ"01000001");µµ¡,<µendµTable_MYROM_1;¡þÑ²The´µfollowingµisµtheµgeneratedµentity/architectureµfile.µTheµfilename¡þisµformedµbyµaddingµanµ_n"µsuffix,µwhereµnµrepresentsµtheµunique¡þbdatasetµidentification.µForµthisµexample,µtheµuniqueµdatasetµIDµis¡þ«assumedµtoµbeµ1.µTheµuseµclauseµofµtheµpackageµTable_MYROM_1¡þôisµinsertedµbeforeµtheµarchitectureµkeyword.¡,o² Library´µIEEE;µ¡,œuseµIEEE.std_logic_1164.all;µµ¡,Ê¡,øentityµMYROM_1µisµ¡,%µµµgenericµ(WLµ:µinµINTEGER);µµµµ¡,Sµµµportµµµµ(addr:µinµSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR(WL-1µdowntoµ0);µµµ¡,µµµµµµµµµµµµOUTPUTµ:µoutµSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR(WL-1µdowntoµ0)µ);µ¡,®endµMYROM_1µµ¡,Ü’óbD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-10¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,ß,É¡Ä,É	cÉ¡Ä	cÉ	cß¡Ä	cß,ßÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÉÊÉÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Examples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡.10³10¡,½² Library´µIEEE;µ¡,êuseµIEEE.std_logic_1164.all;µ¡,useµIEEE.std_logic_arith.all;µµ¡,F¡,suseµwork.Table_MYROM_1.all;µµ¡,¡¡,ÏarchitectureµMYROM_1µofµMYROM_1µisµ¡,ü--µcossapµµconstantµnTableElemµ:µintegerµ:=µlength(input_dataset(1.1));µ¡,*--µcossapµµtypeµrom_typeµisµarrayµ(0µtoµnTableElem-1)µofµ¡,XµµµµµµµµµµµSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR(WL-1µdowntoµ0);µ¡,…--µcossapµµconstantµmy_romµ:µrom_typeµ:=µrom_type'µinput_dataset(1.1);¡,³beginµ¡,áµµprocessµ(addr)µ¡,µµµµsignalµaddr_int:µintegerµrangeµ0µtoµnTableElem-1;µ¡,<µµµµbeginµ¡,jµµµµµµµaddr_intµ:=µCONV_INTEGER(UNSIGNED(addr));µ¡,—µµµµµµµOUTPUTµ=µmy_rom(addr_int);µ¡,Åµµµendµprocess;¡,ó¡,!endµMYROM_1;¡,²VHDL´µBehavioralµCode¡þâ²This´µsectionµcontainsµtheµfollowingµexampleµprimitiveµmodelµVHDL¡þ+codeµforµBehavioralµCompiler:¡þ±²S¡X±²².gvhdl²µfileµforµaµdelaybµprimitiveµmodelµ(pageµ10³11)¡þ&²S¡X&²Declarationµofµanµinputµdatasetµ(pageµ10³13)¡þ›²S¡X›²ROMµmodelµimplementedµwithµanµinputµdatasetµ(pageµ10³14)¡þ	²S¡X	²Illustrationµofµtheµuseµofµphasesµandµdelaysµ(pageµ10³15)¡þ	…²S¡X	…²Useµofµanµifµ...µelse"µconstructµ(pageµ10³18)¡þ
ForµsimilarµexamplesµwrittenµinµVHDLµRTLµcode,µsee¡þ
Ÿ²S¡X
Ÿ²².v_arc²µfileµofµtheµmult2sµprimitiveµmodelµ(pageµ10³3)¡þ²S¡X²².v_arc²µfileµusingµanµinputµdatasetµ(pageµ10³5)’baD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-11¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡¥Á²Examples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡Ô¤ÿŠ10³11¡þÏ²
Sample´µVHDLµCodeµforµBehavioralµCompilerµ(.gvhdl¡þFile)µforµaµdelaybµModel¡þ•²The´µfollowingµcodeµisµanµexampleµofµaµ.gvhdlµfile.µThisµfileµmust¡þÝresideµinµtheµvhdlsynopsys_bcµsubdirectory.µTheµfullµpathµnameµis¡,?² ¡þ?/home/me/cossap/project1/d/examples/vhdlsynopsys_bc/delayb.gvhdl¡þÂ²Eachµlineµofµtheµsourceµcodeµisµnumberedµonµtheµleftµside.µAn¡þexplanationµofµtheµindividuallyµnumberedµsourceµcodeµlinesµfollows¡þTthisµexample.¡,¶² (1)¡,é(2)type´µSTD_LOGIC_MATRIXµisµarrayµ(NATURALµrangeµ1µtoµ$DELAY)¡,(3)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµofµSTD_LOGIC_VECTORµ($WORD_LENGTH-1µdowntoµ0);¡,O(4)¡,‚(5)stateµ1µdelay_lineµ:µµSTD_LOGIC_MATRIXµ;¡,µ(6)¡,è(7)n_phasesµ2;¡,(8)phaseµ1:µ0,1;¡,N(9)phaseµ2:µ1,0;¡,(10)resetµ:µ0,0;¡,´(11)¡,è(12)inlineµresetµ{¡,(13)µ--µresetµtheµdelayµline¡,N(14)µµµµdelay_lineµ:=µ(othersµ=>µ(othersµ=>µ'0'));¡,(15)}¡,´(16)¡,ç(17)inlineµphaseµ1µ{¡,(18)µ--µ$DELAYµmustµbeµgreaterµthanµ0µ!!¡,M(19)µ--µemitµaµvalue¡,€(20)µµµµ$OUTPUTµ:=µdelay_line($DELAY);¡,³(21)}¡,æ(22)¡,	(23)inlineµphaseµ2µ{¡,	M(24)µ--µ$DELAYµmustµbeµgreaterµthanµ0µ!!¡,	€(25)µ--µreadµaµvalueµintoµtheµstartµandµshiftµtheµdelayµline¡,	³(26)µµµµifµ($DELAYµµ1)µthen¡,	æ(27)µµµµµµµdelay_lineµ:=µ$INPUTµ&µdelay_line(1µtoµ$DELAY-1);¡,
(28)µµµµelse¡,
L(29)µµµµµµµdelay_line(1)µ:=µ$INPUT;¡,
²(30)µµµµendµif;¡,
å(31)}’aD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-12¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âExamples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡.10³12¡þÉ²Line´µ2µtoµ3µTypeµDefinition¡XTheµtypeµdefinitionsµofµSTD_LOGIC_MATRIX.µ$DELAYµand¡XZ$WORD_LENGTHµareµCOSSAPµparameters.µInµtheµgenerated¡X£code,µtheseµvariablesµareµreplacedµbyµtheirµactualµvalues.µAn¡XìextensionµisµaddedµtoµtheµtypeµnameµSTD_LOGIC_MATRIXµin¡X4theµgeneratedµcodeµsoµthatµthisµtypeµnameµisµunique.¡þ¨Lineµ5µStateµDefinition¡XñStateµspecificationµofµtheµstateµvariableµnameµandµstateµtype.¡þeLineµ7µNumberµofµPhases¡X­Specificationµthatµthisµisµaµmultiphaseµmodelµwithµ2µphases.¡þ!Lineµ8µµPhaseµ1µRead/WriteµBehavior¡XjTheµphaseµ1µstatementµspecifiesµthatµtheµfirstµphaseµreadsµno¡X²sampleµfromµtheµinputµandµwritesµoneµsampleµtoµtheµoutput.¡þ&Lineµ9µPhaseµ2µRead/WriteµBehavior¡XoTheµphaseµ2µstatementµspecifiesµthatµtheµfirstµphaseµreadsµone¡X·sampleµfromµtheµinputµandµwritesµnoµsampleµtoµtheµoutput.¡þ+Lineµ10µResetµStatement¡XtTheµresetµstatementµspecifiesµthatµthereµisµaµresetµ(procedureµor¡X¼inlineµcode)µandµthatµtheµnumberµofµvaluesµreadµorµwrittenµis¡Xzero.¡þyLineµ12µtoµ15µResetµInlineµCodeµDefinition¡XÁInµtheµresetµphase,µtheµinternalµstateµvariableµgetsµitsµinitial¡X	
values.¡þ	~Lineµ14µResetµInlineµCode¡X	ÇTheµinternalµstateµvariableµdelay_lineµisµreplacedµbyµitsµactual¡X
parameterµname.¡þ
ƒLineµ17µtoµ21µPhaseµ1µInlineµCodeµDefinition¡X
ÌTheµoutputµvariableµ$OUTPUTµgetsµentryµnumberµ$DELAYµfrom¡Xtheµinternalµstate.’ND“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-13¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,Q,;¡Ä,;	c;¡Ä	c;	cQ¡Ä	cQ,QÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ;Ê;ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡¥Á²Examples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡Ô¤ÿŠ10³13¡þÉ²Line´µ20µµPhaseµ1µInlineµCode¡XTheµvariablesµ$OUTPUT,µ$DELAY,µandµdelay_lineµare¡XZsubstitutedµbyµtheirµactualµnamesµorµvalues.¡þÉLineµ23µtoµ31µµPhaseµ2µInlineµCodeµDefinition¡XTheµstateµentriesµareµshiftedµbyµ1µifµtheµactualµvalueµofµ$DELAY¡X[isµgreaterµthanµ1.µTheµstartingµpositionµofµtheµinternalµstateµisµset¡X£toµtheµ$INPUTµvariable.¡þLineµ26µtoµ30µµPhaseµ2µInlineµCode¡X[Theµvariablesµ$OUTPUT,µ$DELAY,µandµdelay_lineµareµreplaced¡X£byµtheirµactualµvalues.¡þŠ²
Example´µInputµDatasetµDeclarationsµforµBehavioral¡þÕCompiler¡þ²The´µfollowingµareµexampleµinputµdatasetµdeclarationsµinµaµ.gvhdlµfile.¡þš²
Example´µ1¡,$² inputdataset´µ{¡,QµµµconstantµPatternLengthµ:µintegerµ:=µlength(input_dataset(1.1));¡,µµµtypeµµµµµPattern_typeµisµarrayµ(0µtoµPatternLength-1)µofµ¡,­µµµµµµµµµµµµSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR(WIDTH-1µdowntoµ0);¡,ÚµµµconstantµPatternµ:µPattern_typeµ:=µPattern_type'µinput_dataset(1.1);¡,	}¡þ	©²This´µexampleµdeclaresµanµintegerµconstantµPatternLengthµthat¡þ	òcontainsµtheµvalueµofµtheµnumberµofµrecordµelementsµofµtheµfirst¡þ
:recordµofµtheµfirstµinputµdatatset.µTheµtypeµPattern_typeµisµanµarray¡þ
ƒofµPatternLengthµelementsµofµSTD_LOGICµvectorsµwhereµWIDTHµis¡þ
ÌaµCOSSAPµparameter.µTheµarrayµPatternµcontainsµtheµrecord¡þelementsµdefinedµasµconstantsµofµtypeµPattern_type.’NÀD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-14¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,	,î¡Ä,î	cî¡Ä	cî	c	¡Ä	c	,	ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþîÊîÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Examples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡.10³14¡þÏ²
Example´µ2¡,T² inputdataset´µ{¡,µµµtypeµds_typeµisµarrayµ(0µtoµDEPTH-1)µofµ¡,¯µµµµµµµµSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR(DATA_WIDTH-1µdowntoµ0);¡,ÝµµµconstantµDSµ:µds_typeµ:=µds_type'µinput_dataset(1.1);¡,
µµµ}¡þ©²This´µexampleµdeclaresµtheµarrayµtypesµonlyµwithµCOSSAP¡þñparameters.µTheµarrayµwithµtheµinputµdatasetµrecordµelementsµis¡þ:definedµasµconstant.¡þ=²
Example´µ3¡,Â² inputdataset´µ{¡,ðµµµtypeµvar_typeµisµarrayµ(0µtoµDEPTH-1)µof¡,µµµµµµµµSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR(DATA_WIDTH-1µdowntoµ0);¡,KµµµvariableµVAR_PACKµ:µvar_typeµ:=µvar_type'µinput_dataset(1.1);¡,yµµµ}¡þ²This´µexampleµdeclaresµtheµarrayµrepresentingµtheµinputµdataset¡þ`recordµasµaµvariableµthatµcontainsµtheµvaluesµofµtheµfirstµinput¡þ©datasetµrecordµofµtheµfirstµinputµdatasetµfile.µThisµvariableµisµnot¡þñgeneratedµinµaµpackage,µbutµratherµinµtheµvariableµdeclarationµpartµof¡þ:theµVHDLµBCµcode.¡þ	=²
Example´µInputµDatasetµUsageµforµVHDLµBehavioral¡þ	ˆCompiler¡þ
:²The´µfollowingµcodeµisµanµexampleµofµanµinputµdatasetµusedµforµa¡þ
ƒROMµmodelµwhenµtheµtargetµisµVHDLµBehavioralµCompiler.µThe¡þ
Ì.gvhdlµfileµmustµresideµinµtheµvhdlsynopsys_bcµsubdirectory.µTheµfull¡þpathnameµofµtheµexampleµis’À×D“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-15¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,6, ¡Ä, 	c ¡Ä	c 	c6¡Ä	c6,6ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ Ê ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡¥Á²Examples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡Ô¤ÿŠ10³15¡,½² ´µµ$COSSAP_DIR/models/btarch/vhdlsynopsys_bc/rom1.gvhdl¡,,1¡þ,inputdatasetµ{¡,c2¡þc¡…ctypeµrom_typeµisµarrayµ(0µtoµDEPTH-1)µof¡,›¡þ›¡…›STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(DATA_WIDTH-1µdowntoµ0);¡,Ó3¡þÓ¡…ÓconstantµROMµ:µrom_typeµ:=rom_type`µinput_dataset(1.1);¡,
4¡þ
}¡,B5¡,y6¡þyn_phasesµ1;¡,±7¡þ±phaseµ1:µ1,1;¡,è8¡, 9¡þ inlineµphaseµ1µ{¡,X10¡þX¡…X$DATAOUTµ:=µROM(µCONV_INTEGER(UNSIGNED($ADDR))µ);¡,11¡þ}¡þp²
Example´µUsageµofµPhasesµandµDelaysµforµVHDL¡þ»BehavioralµCompiler¡þc²The´µexamplesµprovidedµinµthisµsectionµdescribeµtheµbehaviorµofµa¡þ¬modelµusingµthreeµmethods.µTheseµexamplesµshouldµhelpµtoµclarify¡þôtheµuseµofµphasesµandµdelaysµwhenµwritingµaµ.gvhdlµfile.µThe¡þ=exampleµgivenµhereµisµaµscalarµmultiplierµwithµoneµinputµportµandµone¡þ†outputµport.µThisµmodelµdoesµtheµfollowing:¡þ²S¡X²Readsµoneµinputµsample¡þˆ²S¡Xˆ²Multipliesµtheµinput¡þ	²S¡X	²Writesµtheµresultµtoµtheµoutputµport¡þ	™Thereµareµthreeµmethodsµofµdefiningµtheµbehaviorµofµtheµmultiplier:¡þ
$²S¡X
$²Defineµtheµscalarµofµtheµmultiplierµasµaµconstant¡þ
œ²S¡X
œ²Defineµtheµmultiplierµusingµmultipleµphases¡þ²S¡X²Defineµtheµmultiplierµusingµaµdelayµofµ1’×ÕD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-16¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âExamples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡.10³16¡þÏ²
Using´µaµConstantµforµtheµScalarµMultiplier¡þs²This´µdescriptionµofµtheµmultiplierµisµtheµmostµstraightµforward.µThe¡þ¼scalarµisµdefinedµasµaµconstant.µTheµvalueµofµtheµconstantµisµgiven¡þasµaµCOSSAPµparameterµofµanµinstance.¡þ¬Theµmodelµhasµoneµphase.µInµtheµsingleµphase,µaµsampleµisµread,¡þôtheµinputµsampleµisµmultipliedµbyµtheµscalarµandµwrittenµtoµtheµoutput¡þ=port.¡þåTheµ.gvhdlµcodeµisµasµfollows:¡,d² ´µµµconstantµSCALAR:µintegerµ:=µ$COSS_SCALAR;¡,‘µµµn_phasesµ1;¡,¿µµµphaseµ1:µ1,1;¡,íµµµinlineµphaseµ1µ{µµµ--µbehaviorµofµtheµscalarµmultiplier¡,µµµµµµµ$OUTµ:=µSIGNED($IN)µ*µSIGNED(SCALAR);¡,Hµµµ}¡þß²The´µnameµofµtheµscalarµisµSCALAR,µtheµinputµisµIN,µtheµoutputµis¡þ(OUT.µTheµCOSSAPµparameterµforµsettingµtheµvalueµofµtheµconstant¡þqisµCOSS_SCALAR.¡þ]²
Using´µMultipleµPhasesµforµtheµScalarµMultiplier¡þ	²The´µmultiplierµcanµbeµdescribedµusingµ2µorµ3µphases.µAµtemporary¡þ	Jvariableµstoresµtheµintermediateµresult.µTheµfirstµexampleµinµthis¡þ	“sectionµusesµ2µphases.µTheµsecondµexampleµusesµ3µphases.¡þ
:Inµtheµfirstµphase,µtheµinputµsampleµisµreadµandµthenµmultipliedµwith¡þ
ƒtheµscalar.µTheµresultµofµtheµmultiplicationµisµstoredµinµaµtemporary¡þ
Ìvariable.µInµtheµsecondµphase,µtheµresultµisµwrittenµtoµtheµoutputµ(the¡þmultiplicationµcanµalsoµbeµdoneµinµtheµsecondµphase).’Õ•D“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-17¥	öä¥	öä¡¥Á²âExamples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡Ô¤ÿŠ10³17¡þÉ²An´µexampleµofµtheµ2³phaseµis¡,;² ´µµµconstantµSCALAR:µintegerµ:=µ$COSS_SCALAR;¡,iµµµvariableµTMPµµµ:µSIGNED($WITH-1µdowntoµ0);¡,—µµµn_phasesµ2;¡,Äµµµphaseµ1:µ1,0;¡,òµµµphaseµ2:µ0,1;¡, µµµinlineµphaseµ1µ{µµµ--µphaseµ1µbehaviorµofµtheµscalarµmultiplier¡,MµµµµµµµTMPµ:=µSIGNED($IN)µ*µSIGNED(SCALAR);¡,{µµµ}¡,°µµµinlineµphaseµ2µ{µµµ--µphaseµ2µbehaviorµofµtheµscalarµmultiplier¡,Þµµµµµµµ$OUTµ:=µTMP;¡,µµµ}¡þš²The´µsecondµexampleµusesµ3µphases.µInµtheµfirstµphase,µanµinput¡þãsampleµisµreadµintoµaµtemporaryµvariable.µInµtheµsecondµphase,µno¡þ+sampleµisµreadµorµwritten,µonlyµtheµmultiplicationµisµdone.µInµtheµthird¡þtphase,µtheµresultµisµassignedµtoµtheµoutput.¡þ
Anµexampleµofµtheµ3³phaseµexampleµis¡,|² ´µµµconstantµSCALAR:µintegerµ:=µ$COSS_SCALAR;¡,ªµµµvariableµTMPµµµ:µSIGNED($WITH-1µdowntoµ0);¡,×µµµn_phasesµ3;¡,µµµphaseµ1:µ1,0;¡,3µµµphaseµ2:µ0,0;¡,`µµµphaseµ3:µ0,1;¡,Žµµµinlineµphaseµ1µ{µµµ--µphaseµ1µbehaviorµofµtheµscalarµmultiplier¡,¼µµµµµµµTMPµ:=µSIGNED($IN)µ;¡,êµµµ}¡,µ¡,Eµµinlineµphaseµ2µ{µµµ--µphaseµ2µbehaviorµofµtheµscalarµmultiplier¡,sµµµµµµµTMPµ:=µTMPµ*µSIGNED(SCALAR);¡, µµµ}¡,Öµµµinlineµphaseµ3µ{µµµ--µphaseµ3µbehaviorµofµtheµscalarµmultiplier¡,	µµµµµµµ$OUTµ:=µTMP;¡,	1µµµ}¡,	_µ¡þ	ñ²
Using´µaµDelayµofµ1µforµtheµScalarµMultiplier¡þ
ƒ²The´µmultiplierµcanµbeµdescribedµusingµaµdelayµofµ1.µTheµfirstµvalue¡þ
Ìoutputµisµtheµvalueµofµtheµscalar.µTheµsecondµvalueµoutputµisµthe¡þresultµofµtheµmultiplicationµwithµtheµprecedingµinput.’•D“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-18¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,[,E¡Ä,E	cE¡Ä	cE	c[¡Ä	c[,[ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþEÊEÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Examples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡.10³18¡þÉ²In´µthisµexample,µanµalgorithmicµstateµandµaµresetµbehaviorµare¡þdefinedµinµwhichµtheµalgorithmicµstateµisµassignedµtheµvalueµofµthe¡þZconstantµSCALAR.µTheµalgorithmicµstateµisµthenµwrittenµinµphaseµ1.¡þ£Inµphaseµ2,µtheµinputµsampleµtoµbeµmultipliedµisµreadµandµthen¡þìmultipliedµbyµtheµscalar.µTheµresultµisµstoredµinµtheµalgorithmicµstate.¡þ‘Theµfollowingµisµtheµ.gvhdlµcodeµforµthisµexample:¡,² ´µµµconstantµSCALAR:µintegerµ:=µ$COSS_SCALAR;¡,<µµµstateµ1µalgo_stateµµµ:µSIGNED($WITH-1µdowntoµ0);¡,jµµµreset:µ0,µ0;¡,—µµµn_phasesµ2;¡,Åµµµphaseµ1:µ0,1;¡,óµµµphaseµ2:µ1,0;¡, µµµinlineµresetµ{µµ--µresetµcodeµ¡,Nµµµµµµµalgo_stateµ:=µSIGNED(SCALAR);¡,|µµµ}¡,³µµµinlineµphaseµ1µ{µµµ--µphaseµ1µbehaviorµofµtheµscalarµmultiplier¡,àµµµµµµµ$OUTµ:=µalgo_state;¡,µµµ}¡,<µ¡,iµµµinlineµphaseµ2µ{µµµ--µphaseµ2µbehaviorµofµtheµscalarµmultiplier¡,—µµµµµµµalgo_stateµ:=µSCALARµ*µSIGNED($IN);¡,Åµµµ}¡,òµ¡þ•²
Example´µifµ...µelse"µConstructµforµVHDLµBehavioral¡þàCompiler¡þ‚²The´µfollowingµcodeµfragmentµillustratesµtheµuseµofµanµifµ...µelse"¡þÊconstructµinµaµ.gvhdlµfile.µTheµcodeµdescribesµ3µdifferentµbehaviors¡þ	dependingµonµtheµvalueµofµtheµCOSSAPµparameterµdelayµ(delayµ=µ0,¡þ	\delayµ=µ1,µandµdelayµ>µ1).¡,	Ù² PARAMETER(1)´µµµdelay;¡,
PARAMETER(2)µµµword_length;¡,
4INPUT_PORT(1)µµSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR(word_length-1µdowntoµ0)µinput;¡,
bOUTPUT_PORT(1)µSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR(word_length-1µdowntoµ0)µoutput;¡,
¡,
½µµµµifµ(DELAYµ==µ0)µ{¡,
ëµµµµµn_phasesµ1;¡,µµµµµphaseµ1:µ1,1;’LD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-19¥	öä¥	öä¡¥Á²âExamples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡Ô¤ÿŠ10³19¡,½² ´µ¡,êµinlineµphaseµ1µ{¡,µµµµOUTPUTµ:=µINPUTµ;¡,Fµ}¡,sµ¡,¡}¡,Ïelse¡,üµµifµ(DELAYµ==µ1)µ{¡,*µ¡,Xµµµµµµµn_phasesµ2;¡,…µµµµµµµphaseµ1:µ0,1;¡,³µµµµµµµphaseµ2:µ1,0;¡,áµµµµµµµresetµ:µ0,0;¡,µ¡,<µµµµµµµstateµ1µdelay_lineµ:µSTD_LOGIC_VECTORµ(WORD_LENGTH-1µdowntoµ0);¡,jµ¡,—µµµµµµµinlineµresetµ{¡,Åµµµµµµµµ--µresetµtheµdelayµline¡,óµµµµµµµµµµµdelay_lineµ:=µ(othersµ=>µ'0');¡,!µµµµµµµ}¡,Nµ¡,|µµµµµµµinlineµphaseµ1µ{¡,ªµµµµµµµµ--µemitµaµvalue¡,×µµµµµµµµµµµOUTPUTµ:=µdelay_line;¡,µµµµµµµ}¡,3µ¡,`µµµµµµµinlineµphaseµ2µ{¡,Žµµµµµµµµ--µreadµaµvalueµintoµtheµstart¡,¼µµµµµµµµµµµdelay_lineµ:=µINPUT;¡,éµµµµµµµ}¡,}¡,Eelseµ{¡,rµ¡, µµµµtypeµSTD_LOGIC_MATRIXµisµarrayµ(NATURALµrangeµ1µtoµ$DELAY)¡,ÎµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµofµSTD_LOGIC_VECTORµ(WORD_LENGTH-1µdowntoµ0);¡,ûµ¡,)µµµµstateµ1µdelay_lineµ:µµSTD_LOGIC_MATRIXµ;¡,Wµ¡,„µµµµn_phasesµ2;¡,²µµµµphaseµ1µ:µ0,1;¡,àµµµµphaseµ2µ:µ1,0;¡,	µµµµresetµ:µ0,µ0;¡,	;µ¡,	iµµµµinlineµresetµ{¡,	–µµµµµ--µresetµtheµdelayµline¡,	Äµµµµµµµµdelay_lineµ:=µ(othersµ=>µ(othersµ=>µ'0'));¡,	òµµµµ}¡,
µ¡,
Mµµµµinlineµphaseµ1µ{¡,
{µµµµµ--µemitµaµvalue¡,
©µµµµµµµµOUTPUTµ:=µdelay_line(DELAY);¡,
Öµµµµ}¡,µ’LD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-20¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âExamples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡.10³20¡,½² ´µµµµinlineµphaseµ2µ{¡,êµµµµµ--µreadµaµvalueµintoµtheµstartµandµshiftµtheµdelayµline¡,µµµµµµµµdelay_lineµ:=µINPUTµ&µdelay_line(1µtoµDELAY-1);¡,Fµµµµ}¡,sµ¡,¡}¡þá²Wdelay²´µ=µ0¡þW²Settingµtheµdelayµparameterµtoµ0µspecifiesµnoµdelay.µThisµdefinesµa¡þŸone³phaseµmodelµinµwhichµreadingµandµwritingµoccurµinµtheµsame¡þèphaseµandµthereµisµnoµresetµphase.¡þm²Wdelay²µ=µ1¡þâ²Settingµdelayµequalµtoµ1µspecifiesµaµdelayµofµ1.µAµvectorµisµrequired¡þ+forµstoringµtheµinputµvalues.µInµtheµresetµphase,µtheµalgorithmicµstate¡þtforµholdingµtheµinputµvalueµforµaµdelayµofµoneµcycleµisµsetµtoµtheµinitial¡þ¼valueµofµ1.µTheµdescriptionµofµtheµbehaviorµisµsplitµintoµtwoµphases.¡þ_Inµtheµfirstµphase,µtheµvalueµstoredµinµtheµalgorithmicµstateµvariableµis¡þ¨OUTPUT.µInµtheµsecondµphase,µanµinputµsampleµisµreadµandµstored¡þðinµtheµalgorithmicµstate.¡þu²Wdelay²µ>µ1¡þë²Settingµdelayµtoµaµvalueµgreaterµthanµ1µcausesµtheµsameµbehaviorµas¡þ3settingµdelayµequalµtoµ1,µexceptµthatµtheµalgorithmicµstateµisµaµvector¡þ|ofµlengthµdelayµofµvectorsµandµtheµinputµsamplesµareµheldµdelay¡þÄcyclesµinµtheµalgorithmicµstate.’LD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-21¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÊÆÃ¥	öäÃÁÊË¡Ä,¹,£¡Ä,£	c£¡Ä	c£	c¹¡Ä	c¹,¹ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ£Ê£ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡¥Á²Examples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡Ô¤ÿŠ10³21¡,Õ²Verilog´µRTLµCode¡þ•²This´µsectionµcontainsµtheµfollowingµexampleµVerilogµRTLµcodeµfor¡þÞprimitiveµmodels:¡þc²S¡Xc²².v²µfileµofµtheµmult2sµprimitiveµmodelµ(pageµ10³21)¡þ×²S¡X×².vµfileµusingµanµinputµdatasetµ(pageµ10³23)¡þiForµsimilarµexamplesµwrittenµinµVerilogµcodeµforµBehavioral¡þ²Compiler,µsee¡þ7²S¡X7²ROMµmodelµimplementedµwithµanµinputµdatasetµ(pageµ10³28)¡þ«²S¡X«²Illustrationµofµtheµusesµofµphasesµandµdelaysµ(pageµ10³29)¡þ²S¡X²Useµofµanµifµ...µelse"µconstructµ(pageµ10³33)¡þó²
Example´µVerilogµCodeµ(.vµFile)µforµtheµmult2sµModel¡þ“²The´µfollowingµisµanµexampleµofµaµ.vµmoduleµdefinitionµfile.µThisµfile¡þÜmustµresideµinµtheµverilogµsubdirectory.µTheµfullµpathµnameµis¡þ^²´µµ/home/me/cossap/project1/d/examples/verilog/mult2s.v¡þù²Each´µlineµofµtheµsourceµcodeµisµnumberedµonµtheµleftµside.µAn¡þ	Bexplanationµofµtheµindividuallyµnumberedµsourceµcodeµlinesµfollows¡þ	‹thisµexample.¡,
² (1)//´µµfileµµµµµmult2s.vµµµ¡,
4(2)//µµµ¡,
b(3)//µµprimitiveµmoduleµµM0_0_1_mult2sµµµ¡,
(4)µµµµ¡,
½(5)moduleµµM0_0_1_mult2sµ(µMULTIPLICANT,µµµ¡,
ë(6)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµMULTIPLIER,µµµ¡,(7)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµPRODUCTµ);µµµ’LoD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-22¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âExamples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡.10³22¡,½² (8)´µµparameterµWORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLICANTµ=µ16;µµµ¡,ê(9)µµparameterµWORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLIERµ=µ16;µµµ¡,(10)µµµµ¡,F(11)µµinputµµ[(WORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLICANT-1)µ:µ0]µMULTIPLICANT;µµµ¡,s(12)µµinputµµ[(WORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLIER-1)µ:µ0]µµµMULTIPLIER;µµµ¡,¡(13)µµoutputµ[(WORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLICANT+WORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLIER-1)µ:µ0]¡,ÏPRODUCT;µ¡,ü(14)µµµ¡,*(15)µµassignµPRODUCTµ=µmult2s(MULTIPLICANT,MULTIPLIER);µµµ¡,X(16)µµµ¡,…(17)µµµµ//µµfunctionµdefinitionµandµbodyµµµ¡,³(18)µµfunctionµ[(WORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLICANT+WORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLIER-1)µ:¡,á0]mult2s;µ¡,(19)µµµµinputµµ[(WORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLICANT-1)µ:µ0]µMULTIPLICANT;µµµ¡,<(20)µµµµinputµµ[(WORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLIER-1)µ:µ0]µµµMULTIPLIER;µµµ¡,j(21)µµµ¡,—(22)µµµµregµµ[(WORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLICANT-1)µ:µ0]µmultiplicant;µµµ¡,Å(23)µµµµregµµ[(WORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLIER-1)µ:µ0]µµµmultiplier;µµµ¡,ó(24)µµµ¡,!(25)µµµµregµsign1,µsign2;µµµ¡,N(26)µµµ¡,|(27)µµµµbeginµµµ¡,ª(28)µµµµµµµµ//µrememberµsignµbitµ(msb)µµµ¡,×(29)µµµµµµsign1µ=µMULTIPLICANT[WORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLICANT-1];µµµ¡,(30)µµµµµµsign2µ=µMULTIPLIER[WORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLIER-1];µµµ¡,3(31)µµµ¡,`(32)µµµµµµifµ(sign1)µµµ¡,Ž(33)µµµµµµµµmultiplicantµ=µ-MULTIPLICANT;µµµ¡,¼(34)µµµµµµelseµµµ¡,é(35)µµµµµµµµmultiplicantµ=µMULTIPLICANT;µµµ¡,(36)µµµ¡,E(37)µµµµµµifµ(sign2)µµµ¡,r(38)µµµµµµµµmultiplierµ=µ-MULTIPLIER;µµµ¡, (39)µµµµµµelseµµµ¡,Î(40)µµµµµµµµmultiplierµ=µMULTIPLIER;µµµ¡,û(41)µµµ¡,)(42)µµµµµµµµ//µµmultiplyµtheµabsµvaluesµ!µµµ¡,W(43)µµµµµµmult2sµ=µmultiplicantµ*µmultiplier;µµµ¡,„(44)µµµ¡,²(45)µµµµµµµµ//µgiveµresultµ(mult2s)µtheµcorrectµsignµµµ¡,à(46)µµµµµµifµ(sign1µ^µsign2)µµµ¡,	(47)µµµµµµµµmult2sµ=µ-mult2s;µµµ¡,	;(48)µµµµµendµµµ¡,	i(49)µµµ¡,	–(50)µµendfunctionµµµ¡,	Ä(51)µµµ¡,	ò(52)endmodule’o‘D“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-23¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,Ó,½¡Ä,½	c½¡Ä	c½	cÓ¡Ä	cÓ,ÓÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Äþ½Ê½ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡¥Á²Examples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡Ô¤ÿŠ10³23¡þÉ²Lines´µ5µtoµ7µModuleµports¡XTheµmoduleµportsµareµdefinedµhere.¡þLinesµ8µtoµ9µParameterµstatement¡XÇTheµparametersµWORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLICANTµand¡XWORD_LENGTH_MULTIPLIERµareµdefinedµandµgivenµthe¡XYdefaultµconstantµvalueµ16.µUponµcompilation,µthisµnumericµvalue¡X¡willµbeµsubstituted.¡þLinesµ11µtoµ13µPortµdeclaration¡XWTheµportsµMULTIPLICANTµandµMULTIPLIERµareµdeclaredµas¡XŸinputsµandµPRODUCTµisµdeclaredµasµanµoutput.¡þLineµ15µAssignment¡XUTheµresultµofµtheµfunctionµmult2sµisµassignedµtoµPRODUCT.¡þÂLinesµ18µtoµ50µFunctionµdefinitionµandµbody¡XTheµfunctionµforµcalculatingµtheµmultiplicationµofµtheµtwoµinputsµis¡XSdefinedµandµtheµcalculationµisµperformedµinµtheµfunctionµbody.¡XœTheµsignµbitsµofµbothµinputsµareµstoredµinµvariables,µdeclaredµas¡Xåregisters,µandµtheµabsoluteµvaluesµofµtheµinputsµareµthen¡X-multiplied.µTheµcorrectµsignµisµthenµgivenµtoµtheµresult.¡þ²
Example´µVerilogµCodeµ(.vµFile)µUsingµanµInputµDataset¡þ¿²The´µfollowingµisµanµexampleµofµaµ.vµfileµthatµcontainsµanµinput¡þ	datasetµrecordµdeclaration.µThisµfileµisµstoredµinµtheµverilog¡þ	Psubdirectoryµofµtheµlibraryµdirectory.µTheµfullµpathµnameµis¡þ	ß²´µ/home/me/cossap/project1/d/examples/verilog/myrom.v¡þ
ƒ²Each´µlineµofµsourceµisµnumbered.µFollowingµtheµexample,µan¡þ
Ìexplanationµisµgivenµofµtheµsignificantµlines.µTheµinputµportµisµADDR¡þandµtheµoutputµportµisµOUTPUT.’‘MD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-24¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âExamples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡.10³24¡,½² (1)´µ//µfileµmyrom1.v¡,ê(2)µ¡,(3)µ//µcossapµinputdataset_begin¡,F(4)µ//µparameterµRomDepthµ=µlength(input_dataset(1.1));¡,s(5)µ//µparameterµ[RomDepthµ*µDATA_WIDTH-1µ:µ0]µromcµ=µinput_dataset(1.1);¡,¡(6)µ//µcossapµinputdataset_end¡,Ï(7)µ¡,ü(8)µmoduleµmyrom1µ(ADDR,DATAOUT);¡,*(9)µ¡,X(10)µµparameterµDEPTHµ=µ16;¡,…(11)µµparameterµDATA_WIDTHµ=µ16;¡,³(12)µµparameterµADDR_WIDTHµ=µ16;¡,á(13)µ¡,(14)µµinputµµ[ADDR_WIDTH-1µ:µ0]µµµADDR;¡,<(15)µµoutputµ[DATA_WIDTHµ-µ1µ:µ0]µDATAOUT;¡,j(16)µ¡,—(17)µµintegerµj,µk,µl;¡,Å(18)µ¡,ó(19)µµregµ[DATA_WIDTH-1µ:µ0]µrom;¡,!(20)µ¡,N(21)µµassignµDATAOUTµ=µrom;¡,|(22)µ¡,ª(23)µµalways¡,×(24)µµbegin¡,(25)µµµµjµ=µ(DEPTHµ-µ1)µ*µDATA_WIDTH;¡,3(26)µµµµforµ(kµ=µDEPTH;µkµ>=µDEPTHµ-µADDR;µkµ=µkµ-µ1)¡,`(27)µµµµbeginµ:µrom_loop1¡,Ž(28)µµµµµforµ(lµµ=µDATA_WIDTHµ-µ1;µlµ>=µ0;µlµ=µlµ-µ1)¡,¼(29)µµµµµµbeginµ:µrom_loop2¡,é(30)µµµµµµµµrom[l]µ=µromc[j+l];¡,(31)µµµµµµend¡,E(32)µµµµµjµ=µjµ-µDATA_WIDTH;¡,r(33)µµµµend¡, (34)µµµµ@ADDR;¡,Î(35)µµend¡,û(36)µ¡,)(37)endmodule¡þ ²Lines´µ3µtoµ6µInputµdatasetµrecordµdefinition¡XèTheseµ4µcommentµlinesµdefineµoneµinputµdatasetµrecord.µThe¡X	1parameterµRomDepthµisµdeclaredµandµisµassignedµtheµnumberµof¡X	zrecordµelementsµofµtheµfirstµrecordµinµtheµfirstµinputµdatasetµfile.¡X	àLineµ5µdeclaresµtheµparameterµromcµasµoneµarray.µItsµinitial¡X
'valuesµareµtheµrecordµelementsµofµtheµfirstµrecordµofµtheµfirstµinput¡X
ndatasetµfile.’MÎD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-25¥	öä¥	öä¡¥Á²âExamples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡Ô¤ÿŠ10³25¡þÉ²Line´µ17µµIntegerµdeclaration¡XIntegersµrequiredµforµloopµvariablesµareµdeclared.¡þ‡Lineµ19µµTemporaryµvariableµdeclaration¡XÐTheµtemporaryµvariable,µrom,µusedµtoµaccessµtheµindividual¡Xelementsµofµtheµinputµdatasetµisµdeclaredµhere.¡XŽInputµdatasetsµinµVerilogµareµimplementedµasµ1³dimensional¡XÔconstants.µBecauseµaccessµtoµconstantsµisµrestrictedµinµVerilog,¡Xitµisµnecessaryµtoµmoveµtheµconstantµintoµaµtemporaryµvariable¡Xbfirstµbeforeµyouµcanµaccessµaµsubrangeµofµbitsµinµaµconstant.¡þLineµ21µAssignµstatement¡XJTheµoutputµportµisµassignedµtheµrequestedµROMµvalue.¡þÀLineµ25µAssignµjµanµinitialµvalue¡X	Theµintegerµjµrepresentsµtheµstartµindexµofµanµarrayµsubrange.¡þ~Linesµ26µtoµ33µCalculateµtheµrequestedµROMµvalue¡XÇAccessingµofµaµsubrangeµofµtheµone³dimensionalµconstantµ(input¡Xdataset)µwithµvariableµindicesµisµnotµpossibleµinµVerilog.¡XXTherefore,µtheµindividualµdatasetµelementsµareµwrittenµintoµthe¡X¡temporayµvariableµrom.¡þCFromµthisµVerilogµmoduleµ(.vµfile),µtheµVCGµgeneratesµtheµinput¡þŒdatasetµvaluesµintoµthisµmodule.¡þ	[Inµthisµexample,µweµassumeµthatµtheµDATA_WIDTHµparameterµhas¡þ	£theµvalueµ8µ(theµvalueµofµtheµinstance),µandµtheµCOSSAPµinput¡þ	ìdatasetµusesµtheµCOSSAP_ASCIIµfileµformat.µTheµfilenameµofµthe¡þ
5inputµdatasetµis¡þ
Õ²${COSSAP_USER_C}/myrom.ca’Î D“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-26¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²âExamples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡.10³26¡þÉ²The´µinputµdatasetµisµdefinedµas¡þK²#´µµµ4(B)¡þˆ00000001¡þ¼00000101¡þð00010001¡þ$01000001¡þW#µµ-1µ(I)¡þó²Refer´µtoµtheµ²COSSAPµDataµFileµInterfaceµUserµGuide²µforµdetailed¡þ;informationµregardingµinputµdatasetµformats.¡þßTheµfollowingµisµtheµgeneratedµVerilogµmodule.µTheµfilenameµis¡þ'formedµbyµaddingµanµ_²n²"µsuffix,µwhereµnµrepresentsµtheµunique¡þpdatasetµidentification.µTheµmoduleµnameµreceivesµthisµsuffixµtoo.¡,ì² //´µfileµrom1.v¡,//µcossapµinputdataset_begin¡,G//µparameterµRomDepthµ=µlength(input_dataset(1.1));¡,u//µparameterµ[RomDepthµ*µDATA_WIDTH-1µ:µ0]µromcµ=µinput_dataset(1.1);¡,¢//µcossapµinputdataset_end¡,Ðµ¡,þmoduleµrom1_1µ(ADDR,DATAOUT);¡,,µ¡,YµµparameterµDEPTHµ=µ4;¡,‡µµparameterµDATA_WIDTHµ=µ8;¡,µµµparameterµADDR_WIDTHµ=µ8;¡,âµ¡,µµ//µTableµrepresentsµtheµcontentsµofµtheµcossapµinputdataset¡,>µµ//µµµµµµµmyrom.ca¡,kµµparameterµRomDepthµ=µ4;¡,™µ¡,Çµµparameterµ[µRomDepthµ*µ8-1µ:µ0µ]µromcµ=µ{¡,ôµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ8'b00000001,¡,	"µµµµµµµµµµµµµµ8'b00000101,¡,	Pµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ8'b00010001,¡,	}µµµµµµµµµµµµµµ8'b01000001¡,	«µµµµµµµµµµµ};¡,	Ùµ¡,
µµinputµµ[ADDR_WIDTH-1µ:µ0]µµµADDR;¡,
4µµoutputµ[DATA_WIDTHµ-µ1µ:µ0]µDATAOUT;¡,
bµ¡,
µµintegerµj,µk,µl;¡,
½µ¡,
ëµµregµ[DATA_WIDTH-1µ:µ0]µrom;¡,µ’ ÁD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-27¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,I,3¡Ä,3	c3¡Ä	c3	cI¡Ä	cI,IÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,3Ê3ÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡¥Á²Examples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡Ô¤ÿŠ10³27¡,½² ´µµassignµDATAOUTµ=µrom;¡,êµ¡,µµalways¡,Fµµbegin¡,sµµµµjµ=µ(DEPTHµ-µ1)µ*µDATA_WIDTH;¡,¡µµµµforµ(kµ=µDEPTH;µkµ>=µDEPTHµ-µADDR;µkµ=µkµ-µ1)¡,Ïµµµµbeginµ:µrom_loop1¡,üµµµµµµforµ(lµµ=µDATA_WIDTHµ-µ1;µlµ>=µ0;µlµ=µlµ-µ1)¡,*µµµµµµbeginµ:µrom_loop2¡,Xµµµµµµµµrom[l]µ=µromc[j+l];¡,…µµµµµµend¡,³µµµµµµµjµ=µjµ-µDATA_WIDTH;¡,áµµµµend¡,µµµµ@ADDR;¡,<µµend¡,jµ¡,—endmodule¡,Åµ¡,‰²Verilog´µBehavioralµCode¡þH²This´µsectionµcontainsµtheµfollowingµsampleµprimitiveµmodelµVerilog¡þ‘codeµforµBehavioralµCompiler:¡þ²S¡X²ROMµmodelµimplementedµwithµanµinputµdatasetµ(pageµ10³28)¡þ‰²S¡X‰²Illustrationµofµtheµusesµofµphasesµandµdelaysµ(pageµ10³29)¡þý²S¡Xý²Useµofµanµifµ...µelse"µconstructµ(pageµ10³33)¡þŽForµsimilarµexamplesµwrittenµinµVerilogµRTLµcode,µsee¡þ	²S¡X	²².v²µfileµofµtheµmult2sµprimitiveµmodelµ(pageµ10³21)¡þ	‡²S¡X	‡².vµfileµusingµanµinputµdatasetµ(pageµ10³23)’ÁÝD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-28¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡8Á²Examples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡.10³28¡þÏ²
Sample´µofµInputµDatasetµUsageµforµVerilogµBehavioral¡þCompiler¡þû²The´µfollowingµcodeµisµanµexampleµofµanµinputµdatasetµusedµforµa¡þCROMµmodelµwhenµtheµtargetµisµVerilogµBehavioralµCompiler.µThis¡þŒ.gvµfileµmustµresideµinµtheµverilog_bcµsubdirectory.µTheµfullµpathname¡þÕofµtheµexampleµis¡þ„²$COSSAP_DIR/models/btarch/verilog_bc/rom1.gv¡,² PARAMETER(1)´µDEPTH;¡,3PARAMETER(2)µDATA_WIDTH;¡,`PARAMETER(3)µADDR_WIDTH;¡,žINPUT_PORT(1)µµ[ADDR_WIDTH-1µ:µ0]µADDR;¡,ËOUTPUT_PORT(1)µ[DATA_WIDTH-1µ:µ0]µDATAOUT;¡,	inputdatasetµµ¡,6{¡,dµµparameterµRomDepthµ=µlength(input_dataset(1.1));¡,’µµparameterµ[RomDepthµ*µDATA_WIDTH-1µ:µ0]µromcµ=µinput_dataset(1.1);¡,¿}¡,ýintegerµj,µk,µl;¡,:regµ[DATA_WIDTH-1µ:µ0]µrom;¡,wn_phasesµ1;¡,¥phaseµ1:µ1,1;¡,âinlineµphaseµ1¡,{¡,=µµjµ=µ(DEPTHµ-µ1)µ*µDATA_WIDTH;¡,kµµforµ(kµ=µDEPTH;µkµ>=µDEPTHµ-µADDR;µkµ=µkµ-µ1)µ¡,™µµbeginµ:µpatt_loop1µ¡,Æµµµµforµ(lµµ=µDATA_WIDTHµ-µ1;µlµ>=µ0;µlµ=µl-1)µ¡,ôµµµµbeginµ:µpatt_loop2¡,	"µµµµµµrom[l]µ=µromc[j+l];¡,	Oµµµµend¡,	}µµµµjµ=µjµ-µDATA_WIDTH;¡,	«µµend¡,	èµµDATAOUTµ=µrom;¡,
}¡þ
Ì²The´µinputµdatasetµdeclarationµisµprocessedµbyµtheµVCGµinµtheµsame¡þwayµasµtheµinputµdatasetµforµstructuralµ(RTL)µVerilog.’ÝãD“I501ileaf_page_string1:10-29¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,•,¡Ä,	c¡Ä	c	c•¡Ä	c•,•ÆÃÁÊËÃ¡ÄþÊÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡¥Á²Examples´µofµImplementationµSourceµCodeµforµVCG¡Ô¤ÿŠ10³29¡þÏ²
Example´µUsageµofµPhasesµandµDelaysµforµVerilog¡þBehavioralµCompiler¡þÂ²The´µexamplesµprovidedµinµthisµsectionµdescribeµtheµbehaviorµofµa¡þ
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Write´µtheµModelµDefinitionµFile¡þU²The´µmodelµdefinitionµfileµforµthisµexampleµisµmuls.mdef.µThisµfileµis¡þlocatedµinµtheµsameµdirectoryµasµtheµmodelµlibrary.µTheµfullµnameµof¡þætheµmodelµdefinitionµfile,µtherefore,µis¡þg²/home/me/cossap/project1/d/examples/muls.mdef¡þ	²Theµfollowingµisµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfileµforµthisµexample.¡,	}² .NAME¡,	«´µMULS¡,	Ù¡,
.SHORT_DESCRIPTION¡,
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NAME´µToken¡þz²This´µsectionµdefinesµtheµnameµofµtheµmodel.µTheµNAMEµtokenµmust¡þÃalwaysµbeµinµtheµfirstµlineµofµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfile.µInµtheµnextµline,¡þ	theµmodelµnameµstartsµatµcolumnµ2,µMULSµinµthisµexample.¡þ	è²
SHORT_DESCRIPTION´µToken¡þ
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Ì(preferablyµnoµmoreµthanµoneµline).µEachµlineµmustµstartµwithµaµblank¡þspace.’sXD“I501ileaf_page_string1:A-4¥	öä¥	öä¡6Â²âPrimitive´µSimulationµModelµExample¡4A³4¡þÏ²
DESCRIPTION´µToken¡þg²This´µsectionµcontainsµaµthoroughµdescriptionµofµtheµmodel.µEachµline¡þ¯mustµstartµwithµaµblankµspace.µBecauseµusersµcanµviewµtheµmodel's¡þø.mdefµfileµwithinµtheµBlockµDiagramµEditorµ(BDE),µbeµsureµtoµinclude¡þAallµtheµinformationµyourµusersµneedµtoµhaveµaµgoodµgeneral¡þ‰understandingµofµtheµmodel.¡þb²
CLASSES´µToken¡þú²In´µthisµsection,µlistµallµclassesµtoµwhichµtheµmodelµbelongs.µEach¡þCclassµisµautomaticallyµnumberedµsequentially.¡þÞClassifyingµtheµmodelµsimplifiesµselectingµmodelsµinµtheµBDE¡þ'becauseµtheµmodelµisµlistedµasµaµmemberµofµeachµspecifiedµclass.µIn¡þpthisµexample,µtheµMVSMUL_Cµmodelµisµaµmemberµofµthe¡þ¸ARITH_REALµ(arithmeticµreal)µclass.¡þTIfµyouµenterµtheµnameµofµaµnon³existentµclass,µaµnewµclassµis¡þcreated.¡þu²
IMPLEMENTATIONS´µToken¡þ	²In´µthisµsection,µdefineµtheµimplementationµofµtheµmodel.µPrimitive¡þ	Vmodelsµareµalwaysµimplementedµasµexecutableµobjectµcode.µFor¡þ	ŸCOSSAPµtoµloadµtheµcorrectµobjectµcode,µyouµmustµspecifyµbothµthe¡þ	çnameµofµtheµfileµcontainingµtheµobjectµcodeµandµtheµimplementation¡þ
0language.¡þ
ÌInµthisµexample,µtheµobjectµcodeµfileµhasµtheµsameµnameµasµthe¡þmodel.µTheµimplementationµlanguageµisµC.’X+D“I501ileaf_page_string1:A-5¥	öä¥	öä¡ÝÂ²âPrimitive´µSimulationµModelµExample¡À¤ÿ¸A³5¡þÏ²
INPUT_PORTS´µToken¡þn²In´µthisµsection,µlistµallµinputµportsµofµtheµmodel.µEachµinputµportµis¡þ¶automaticallyµnumberedµsequentially.µEachµentryµconsistsµofµa¡þÿsequenceµnumber,µandµtheµnameµandµtypeµofµtheµinputµport.¡þ¢TheµMULSµmodelµhasµoneµinputµport,µnamedµINPUT.µTheµsignal¡þêelementsµreadµfromµtheµinputµportµareµprocessedµasµCµfloatµtype,µso¡þ3theµdeclaredµtypeµofµtheµinputµportµisµRµforµREAL,µwhichµis¡þ|equivalentµtoµfloat.¡þAfterµeachµentry,µyouµcanµenterµanµarbitraryµnumberµofµtextµlines¡þgdescribingµtheµinputµport.µEachµlineµmustµstartµwithµaµblankµspace.¡þK²
OUTPUT_PORTS´µToken¡þê²In´µthisµsection,µlistµallµoutputµportsµofµtheµmodel.µEachµoutputµportµis¡þ3automaticallyµnumberedµsequentially.µEachµentryµconsistsµofµa¡þ|sequenceµnumber,µandµtheµnameµandµtypeµofµtheµoutputµport.¡þTheµMULSµmodelµhasµoneµoutputµport,µnamedµOUTPUT.µTheµsignal¡þgelementsµwrittenµtoµtheµoutputµportsµareµCµfloatµtype,µsoµtheµdeclared¡þ°typeµofµtheµoutputµportsµisµRµforµREAL,µwhichµisµequivalentµtoµfloat.¡þ	RAfterµeachµentry,µyouµcanµenterµanµarbitraryµnumberµofµtextµlines¡þ	›describingµtheµoutputµport.µEachµlineµmustµstartµwithµaµblankµspace.’+:D“I501ileaf_page_string1:A-6¥	öä¥	öä¡6Â²âPrimitive´µSimulationµModelµExample¡4A³6¡þÏ²
PARAMETERS´µToken¡þn²In´µthisµsection,µlistµallµparametersµofµtheµmodel.µEachµparameterµis¡þ¶automaticallyµnumberedµsequentially.µEachµentryµconsistsµofµa¡þÿsequenceµnumber,µandµtheµnameµandµtypeµofµtheµparameter.¡þ¢TheµMVSMUL_Cµmodelµhasµoneµparameter.µTheµscalarµisµCµfloat¡þêtype,µsoµtheµdeclaredµtypeµofµtheµparameterµisµRµforµREAL,µwhichµis¡þ3equivalentµtoµfloat.¡þÖAfterµeachµentry,µyouµcanµenterµanµarbitraryµnumberµofµtextµlines¡þdescribingµtheµoutputµport.µEachµlineµmustµstartµwithµaµblankµspace.¡þ²
HISTORY´µToken¡þ¢²In´µthisµsection,µdefineµtheµrevisionµhistoryµofµtheµmodel.µForµeach¡þêrevisionµofµtheµmodel,µincludeµtheµdate,µtheµversionµandµrevision¡þ3number,µtheµnameµofµtheµprogrammer,µandµaµshortµdescriptionµofµthe¡þ|changesµyouµmade.µEachµlineµmustµstartµwithµaµblankµspace.¡þ`²
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Define´µtheµModelµName¡þn²Define´µtheµnameµofµtheµprimitiveµmodelµinµtheµmodelµtableµfileµofµthe¡þ¶correspondingµmodelµlibrary.µTheµmodelµtableµfileµmustµbeµlocatedµin¡þÿtheµsameµdirectoryµasµtheµcorrespondingµmodelµlibrary.µTheµfull¡þHnameµofµtheµmodelµtableµfileµinµtheµexamplesµmodelµlibraryµis¡þÉ²/home/me/cossap/project1/d/examples/examples.mtbl¡þd²Becauseµthisµisµtheµsecondµprimitiveµmodelµinµtheµexamplesµmodel¡þ­library,µitµisµautomaticallyµassignedµtheµmodelµIDµ2.µForµexample,¡þ.²123456789´µ...µcolumnµnumber¡þb***TOF***¡þ–1µMCVCSM¡þÊ2µMULS¡þý***EOF***¡þÚ²
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Ìprocedure.µInstead,µRingµBufferµsystemµcallsµreadµandµwriteµsignal¡þelements.’kqD“I501ileaf_page_string1:A-11¥	öä¥	öä¡ÝÂ²âPrimitive´µSimulationµModelµExample¡À¤ÿŸA³11¡þÉ²The´µonlyµformalµargumentsµofµtheµprocedureµareµdefinedµasµpointers¡þtoµvariable³lengthµarrays.µTheµ*iparamµpointerµisµlongµintµtype,µand¡þZtheµ*rparamµpointerµisµfloatµtype.µTheseµtwoµpointersµprovideµall¡þ£informationµthatµaµmodelµneeds.¡þ8²Linesµ16-19³DeclaringµLocalµVariables¡þº²Aµlocalµvariableµisµanyµvariableµusedµinµtheµprocedureµthatµisµnotµa¡þCOSSAPµsystemµvariable.¡þ—²Linesµ21-26³DeclaringµPorts¡þ²Aµpointerµisµdelcaredµtoµeachµinputµportµandµeachµoutputµport.¡þ®²Linesµ28-30³DeclaringµParameters¡þ0²Aµlocalµparameterµisµdeclaredµforµuseµinµtheµprocedureµthatµisµnotµa¡þxCOSSAPµsystemµvariable.¡þ²Linesµ32-34µIncludeµLocalµParameters,µScratch,µandµModel¡þVSourceµCode¡þ×²Thisµisµtheµonlyµincludedµsourceµfileµthatµcontainsµexecutable¡þ statements.µTheµincludedµsourceµcodeµassignsµvaluesµtoµthe¡þiCOSSAPµsystemµvariablesµusedµinµtheµmodel.µTherefore,µthese¡þ±compilerµdirectivesµmustµalwaysµappearµafterµtheµlastµvariableµand¡þúparameterµdeclarations.¡þ	²Linesµ36-37³RetrievingµtheµParameters¡þ
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NAME´µToken¡þZ²In´µthisµsection,µdefineµtheµnameµofµtheµmodel.µTheµNAMEµtoken¡þ£mustµalwaysµbeµinµtheµfirstµlineµofµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfile.µOnµthe¡þënextµline,µenterµtheµmodelµname,µstartingµinµcolumnµ2.µInµthis¡þ4example,µtheµnameµofµtheµmodelµisµMCVCSMµ(theµfirstµcolumnµmust¡þ}containµaµblankµspace).¡þ@²
SHORT_DESCRIPTION´µToken¡þË²In´µthisµsection,µenterµaµshortµdescriptionµofµtheµfunctionµofµtheµmodel¡þ(preferablyµnoµmoreµthanµoneµline).µEachµlineµmustµstartµwithµaµblank¡þ]space.¡þ ²
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ÖµµµJINQµµ=µJINIµ+LINIµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0118¡,µµµLINQµµ=µNFUTµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0119’ÎD“I501ileaf_page_string1:B-12¥	öä¥	öä¡6Â²âFORTRAN77´µSimulationµExample¡4B³12¡,½² C´µµ**realµpartµofµcomplexµoutputµsignalµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0120¡,êµµµJOUTIµ=µJINQµ+LINQµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0121¡,µµµLOUTIµ=µNFUTµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0122¡,FCµµ**imagµpartµofµcomplexµoutputµsignalµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0123¡,sµµµJOUTQµ=µJOUTIµ+LOUTIµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0124¡,¡µµµLOUTQµ=µNFUTµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0125¡,ÏCµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0126¡,üCµµ**checkµifµpartitionµofµscratch-padµisµvalidµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0127¡,*µµµIFµ(JOUTQ+LOUTQ.GT.IHMAX)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0128¡,Xµµ$µTHENµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0129¡,…Cµµµµµµ**error:µscratchµpadµH(.)µtooµsmallµforµpartitionµµµµµµµµµ0130¡,³µµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcodeµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0131¡,áµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-1µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0132¡,Cµµµµµµ**andµexitµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0133¡,<µµµµµµµRETURNµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0134¡,jµµµµENDµIFµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0135¡,—Cµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0136¡,ÅCµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0137¡,óCµµ**readµsignalµsamplesµfromµtheµinputµbuffersµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0138¡,!Cµµ**updateµpresentµtimeµcursorsµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0139¡,NCµµ**deallocateµcorrespondingµinputµbufferµspaceµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0140¡,|Cµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0141¡,ªCµµ**inputµsignalµrealµpartµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0142¡,×µµµCALLµRBRD(IBIN1,H(JINI),LINI,ISTAT)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0143¡,Cµµ**checkµifµRingBufferReaDµsuccessfulµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0144¡,3µµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0145¡,`µ$µTHENµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0146¡,ŽCµµµµµ**setµerrorµcodeµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0147¡,¼µµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTATµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0148¡,éCµµµµµ**andµexitµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0149¡,µµµµµµRETURNµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0150¡,EµµµµENDµIFµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0151¡,rCµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0152¡, Cµµµ**inputµsignalµimagµpartµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0153¡,ÎµµµµCALLµRBRD(IBIN2,H(JINQ),LINQ,ISTAT)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0154¡,ûCµµµ**checkµifµRingBufferReaDµsuccessfulµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0155¡,)µµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0156¡,Wµµ$µTHENµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0157¡,„Cµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcodeµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0158¡,²µµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTATµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0159¡,àCµµµµµµ**andµexitµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0160¡,	µµµµµµµRETURNµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0161¡,	;µµµµENDµIFµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0162¡,	iCµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0163¡,	–C======================================================µµµµµµµµµµ0164¡,	ÄCµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0165¡,	òCµµµµ**performµcomplexµmultiplicationµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0166¡,
Cµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0167¡,
MCµµµµ**computeµrealµpartµofµoutputµsignalµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0168¡,
{²]CALL´µVSMA2(H(JINI),SCREAL,H(JINQ),-SCIMAG,1,H(JOUTI),1,LOUTI)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ¡D
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Ö²]CALL´µVSMA2(H(JINI),SCIMAG,H(JINQ),µSCREAL,1,H(JOUTQ),1,LOUTQ)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ² ´µ¡D
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Öµµ0171¡,Cµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0172’¸D“I501ileaf_page_string1:B-13¥	öä¥	öä¡Â²âFORTRAN77´µSimulationµExample¡À¤ÿŸB³13¡,½² C======================================================´µµµµµµµµµµ0173¡,êCµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0174¡,Cµµ**getµtheµoutputµbufferµnumbersµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0175¡,FCµµ**bufferµnumber,µinphaseµcomponentµofµoutputµsignalµµµµµµµµµµµ0176¡,sµµµIBOUT1µ=µIPARAM(JNBOUTµ+1)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0177¡,¡Cµµµ**bufferµnumber,µoutputµsignalµquadratureµcomponentµµµµµµµµµµ0178¡,ÏµµµIBOUT2µ=µIPARAM(JNBOUTµ+2)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0179¡,üCµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0180¡,*Cµµ**writeµcomputedµoutputµsignalsµtoµoutputµbuffersµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0181¡,XCµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0182¡,…Cµµ**outputµsignalµrealµpartµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0183¡,³µµµCALLµRBWR(IBOUT1,H(JOUTI),LOUTI,ISTAT)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0184¡,áCµµ**checkµifµRingBufferWRiteµsuccessfulµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0185¡,µµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0186¡,<µµ$µTHENµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0187¡,jCµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcodeµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0188¡,—µµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTATµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0189¡,ÅCµµµµµµ**andµexitµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0190¡,óµµµµµµµRETURNµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0191¡,!µµµµENDµIFµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0192¡,NCµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0193¡,|Cµµ**outputµsignalµimagµpartµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0194¡,ªµµµµCALLµRBWR(IBOUT2,H(JOUTQ),LOUTQ,ISTAT)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0195¡,×Cµµµ**checkµifµRingBufferWRiteµsuccessfulµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0196¡,µµµµIFµ(ISTAT.NE.0)µµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0197¡,3µµ$µTHENµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0198¡,`µµµµµµµµ**setµerrorµcodeµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0199¡,ŽµµµµµµµµIPARAM(JERROR)µ=µ-ISTATµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0200¡,¼µµµµµµµµ**andµexitµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0201¡,éµµµµµµµµRETURNµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0202¡,µµµµENDµIFµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0203¡,ECµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0204¡,rµµµµRETURNµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0205¡, µµµµENDµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ0206¡þ²Line´µ3³FORTRAN77µSubroutineµStatement¡þÂ²ThisµCOSSAPµmodelµisµimplementedµasµaµFORTRAN77µsubroutine.¡þ	
Theµnameµofµthisµsubroutineµmustµbeµtheµsameµasµtheµnameµofµthe¡þ	Ssourceµcodeµfile.µTheµformalµargumentsµlistµofµallµCOSSAPµmodels¡þ	œisµidentical,µandµconsistsµofµtheµfollowingµtwoµarrays:¡þ
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j²IPARAM¡þ²S¡X²RPARAM’¸¦D“I501ileaf_page_string1:B-14¥	öä¥	öä¡6Â²âFORTRAN77´µSimulationµExample¡4B³14¡þÉ²Note:²¡X²In´µCOSSAP,µtheµargumentµlistµofµtheµsubroutineµdoesµnotµpass¡XZsignalµelements.µInstead,µRingBufferµsystemµcallsµreadµandµwrite¡X£signalµelements.¡þ²Linesµ7-18³Comments¡þ‹²Inµthisµexample,µtheµcommentµlinesµbrieflyµdescribeµtheµmodelµand¡þÓitsµsignals,µincludingµwhoµcreatedµtheµmodelµandµwhen.¡þM²Linesµ22-23³VersionµNumberµIVERµandµRevisionµNumber¡þ–IREV¡þ²TheseµtwoµFORTRAN77µparameterµstatementsµkeepµtrackµofµthe¡þLversionµandµrevisionµnumberµofµaµmodelµusedµinµaµsimulation.µAt¡þ•eachµchangeµinµtheµsourceµcodeµofµaµprimitiveµmodel,µIREV¡þÝincreasesµbyµ1.µWhenµyouµupgradeµtoµaµnewµCOSSAPµversion,¡þ&IVERµisµincreasedµbyµ1µandµIREVµisµsetµtoµ1.µRecordµtheµchangesµin¡þotheµdefinitionµfileµofµtheµmodelµinµtheµHISTORYµtokenµsection.¡þé²Linesµ27-29µµIncludeµLocaLµParameters,µLocaLµConstants,¡þ1Scratch¡þŸ²Theµonlyµnon-FORTRAN77µstatementsµallowedµinµtheµsourceµcode¡þèofµaµprimitiveµmodelµareµtheµincludeµcompilerµdirectives,µwhich¡þ0instructµtheµFORTRAN77µcompilerµtoµincludeµsourceµcodeµfilesµinto¡þytheµsourceµcode.µTheµsourceµcodeµfilesµincludedµ(lclpar.inc,¡þÁlclcon.inc,µandµscrtch.inc)µareµidenticalµforµallµmodels,µandµare¡þ	
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:subroutine,µandµareµdefinedµasµarraysµofµvariableµlength.µThe¡þ
ƒIPARAMµarrayµisµINTEGERµtype,µandµtheµRPARAMµarrayµisµREAL¡þ
Ìtype.µAllµinformationµthatµaµmodelµneedsµisµstoredµinµtheseµtwo¡þarrays.’¦¾D“I501ileaf_page_string1:B-15¥	öä¥	öä¡Â²âFORTRAN77´µSimulationµExample¡À¤ÿŸB³15¡þÉ²Lines´µ34-42³LocalµVariables¡þC²Aµlocalµvariableµisµanyµvariableµusedµinµtheµsubroutineµthatµisµnotµa¡þ‹COSSAPµsystemµvariable.¡þ6Note:²¡X²DoµnotµuseµCOMMONµorµSAVEµstatementsµinµaµmodel.µUsing¡XÇCOMMON²´µ²blocks´µcanµconflictµwithµexistingµCOMMONµblocks¡Xthatµhaveµtheµsameµname.µSAVE²´µs²tatements´µrestrictµaµmodelµtoµa¡XYsingleµuseµinµaµsimulation.µInsteadµofµtheµSAVEµstatement,µuse¡X¡theµVSAVµandµVGET²´µ²system´µcallsµinµCOSSAPµtoµsaveµand¡Xêretrieveµtheµinternalµstateµofµaµmodel.¡þt²Lineµ44³IncludeµMODelµSouRCeµCode¡þî²Thisµisµtheµonlyµincludedµsourceµfileµthatµcontainsµexecutable¡þ6statements.µTheµincludedµsourceµcodeµassignsµvaluesµtoµthe¡þCOSSAPµsystemµvariablesµusedµinµtheµmodel.µTherefore,µthis¡þÈcompilerµdirectiveµmustµappearµafterµtheµlastµvariableµdeclaration.¡þR²Linesµ48-51³Post-ProcessingµPhase¡þË²IfµtheµvalueµofµtheµINITµvariableµisµ3,µtheµmodelµmustµperformµall¡þtasksµrequiredµinµtheµpost-processingµphase.µBecauseµthisµmodel¡þ]doesµnotµrequireµpost-processing,µtheµsubroutineµimmediately¡þ¥returnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogram.¡þ	/²Linesµ54-61³InitializationµPhase¡þ	©²IfµtheµvalueµofµtheµINITµvariableµisµ1,µtheµmodelµmustµperformµall¡þ	òtasksµrequiredµinµtheµinitializationµphase.µBecauseµthisµmodelµhasµno¡þ
:specificµinitializationµrequirements,µonlyµtheµversionµandµrevision¡þ
ƒnumberµofµtheµmodelµareµwrittenµtoµtheµsimulationµparameterµblock.¡þ
ÌTheµJVERµandµJREVµconstantsµareµdefinedµinµtheµlclparµincludeµfile.¡þTheµsubroutineµthenµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogram.’¾`D“I501ileaf_page_string1:B-16¥	öä¥	öä¡6Â²âFORTRAN77´µSimulationµExample¡4B³16¡þÉ²Lines´µ63-206³SignalµProcessingµPhase¡þ8²IfµtheµvalueµofµtheµINITµvariableµisµ2,µtheµmodelµmustµperformµthe¡þsignalµprocessing.¡þü²Linesµ66-70³RetrievingµtheµNumbersµofµtheµInputµBuffers¡þk²Theµdefinitionµfileµforµthisµmodelµdefinesµtwoµinputµports.µEachµinput¡þ´portµisµconnectedµtoµaµsignalµbuffer.µTheµfollowingµstatementµobtains¡þýtheµnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµtheµ²n²-thµinputµport:¡þu²IBIN´µ=µIPARAM(JNBINµ+²n²)¡þ²where´µ²n²µisµaµconstantµorµaµvariableµthatµholdsµtheµnumberµofµthe¡þJinputµport,µasµdefinedµinµtheµmodelµdefinitionµfile.¡þàJNBINµisµaµCOSSAPµsystemµvariableµtoµwhichµtheµmodsrcµinclude¡þ(fileµassignsµaµvalue.¡þ½Forµexample,µinµtheµstatement¡þ6²IBIN1´µ=µIPARAM(JNBINµ+1)¡þÂ²the´µnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµtheµfirstµinputµportµis¡þassignedµtoµtheµIBIN1µvariable.¡þ Similarly,µinµtheµstatement¡þ	²IBIN2´µ=µIPARAM(JNBINµ+2)¡þ	¥²the´µnumberµofµtheµsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµtheµsecondµinputµportµis¡þ	îassignedµtoµtheµIBIN2µvariable.¡þ
ƒMostµCOSSAPµmodelsµuseµtheµIBIN1,µIBIN2,µ...µIBIN²nµ²variable¡þ
Ìnamesµforµvariablesµthatµholdµtheµbufferµnumbersµforµsignalµbuffers¡þconnectedµtoµtheµinputµportsµofµaµmodel.’`CD“I501ileaf_page_string1:B-17¥	öä¥	öä¡Â²âFORTRAN77´µSimulationµExample¡À¤ÿŸB³17¡þÉ²Lines´µ72-73³CheckingµtheµFirstµInputµPort¡þF²Inµtheµsignalµprocessingµphaseµofµtheµsimulation,µaµmodelµis¡þactivatedµseveralµtimes.µTheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµavailableµat¡þ×theµinputµportsµofµaµmodelµcanµbeµdifferentµatµeachµactivation.¡þ Therefore,µaµmodelµmustµfirstµcheckµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelements¡þiavailableµatµeachµinputµport.¡þAµmodelµcanµuseµtheµRBCHKµ(RingBufferCHecK)µRingBufferµcallµto¡þcdetermineµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµthatµareµavailableµinµa¡þ¬signalµbufferµconnectedµtoµoneµofµitsµinputµports.¡þ]TheµNPASTµandµNFUT1µvariablesµreturnµtheµnumberµofµsignal¡þ¦elementsµavailableµinµtheµsignalµbuffer.µTheµISTATµvariableµreturns¡þîtheµexecutionµstatusµofµtheµRingBufferµcall.¡þ}²Linesµ74-81³CheckingµtheµReturnedµStatus¡þú²TheµexecutionµstatusµthatµtheµRBCHKµRingBufferµcallµreturnsµmust¡þCbeµcheckedµimmediately.µIfµanµerrorµoccurredµduringµexecutionµof¡þ‹RBCHK,µthisµerrorµmustµbeµreportedµtoµtheµsimulatorµimmediately.¡þÔToµthisµend,µuseµtheµfollowingµstatementµtoµsetµtheµerrorµflagµofµthe¡þmodel:¡þ¨²IPARAM(JERROR)´µ=µ-ISTAT¡þ	@²This´µstatementµwritesµtheµnegativeµexecutionµstatusµthatµRBCHK¡þ	‰returns,µtoµtheµIPARAMµarrayµatµtheµJERRORµposition.¡þ
:TheµlclparµincludeµfileµdefinesµtheµJERRORµconstant.µTheµmodel¡þ
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Ìprogramµstopsµtheµsimulation.µTheµerrorµisµreportedµinµtheµREPORT¡þfrontµendµapplication.’CàD“I501ileaf_page_string1:B-18¥	öä¥	öä¡6Â²âFORTRAN77´µSimulationµExample¡4B³18¡þÉ²Lines´µ83-84³CheckingµtheµSecondµInputµPort¡þ<²Usingµtheµsameµmethodµasµtheµfirstµinputµportµofµtheµmodel,µthe¡þ…secondµinputµportµisµchecked.µTheµNPASTµandµNFUT2µvariables¡þÍreturnµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµavailableµinµtheµsignalµbuffer¡þthatµisµconnectedµtoµtheµsecondµinputµport.¡þ—²Linesµ85-92³CheckingµtheµReturnedµStatus¡þ
²TheµexecutionµstatusµthatµtheµRBCHKµRingBufferµcallµreturnsµmust¡þSbeµcheckedµagain.¡þÔ²Linesµ94-96³EstablishingµtheµNumberµofµSignalµElementsµto¡þRead¡þ²Theµimplementedµalgorithmµrequiresµtheµsameµnumberµofµsignal¡þÙelementsµfromµbothµinputµports.µBecauseµtheµnumberµofµsignal¡þ!elementsµcanµdifferµatµeachµinputµport,µtheµnumberµofµsignal¡þjelementsµtoµprocessµmustµbeµtheµminimumµofµbothµnumbers.¡þë²Linesµ98-102³ZeroµSignalµElementsµCheck¡þ^²Ifµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµtoµprocessµisµzero,µtheµmodel¡þ§immediatelyµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogram.¡þ(²Linesµ105-109³RetrievingµParameters¡þ›²Twoµparametersµareµdefinedµinµtheµdefinitionµfileµofµthisµmodel.¡þ	9Eitherµofµtheµfollowingµstatementsµobtainsµtheµvalueµofµtheµ²n²-th¡þ	parameter:¡þ	ÿ²IPAR´µ=µIPARAM(JNMPARµ+²n²)¡þ
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¡²aµDOUBLEµPRECISIONµarrayµ(DH)¡þ²S¡X²aµCOMPLEXµarrayµ(CH)’¯D“I501ileaf_page_string1:B-20¥	öä¥	öä¡6Â²âFORTRAN77´µSimulationµExample¡4B³20¡þÉ²IH´µandµRHµmapµtoµtheµsameµphysicalµmemoryµarea,µthatµis,µIH(1)¡þandµRH(1)µreferµtoµtheµsameµbytesµinµmemory.µTheµbytesµinµthis¡þZmemoryµareµinterpretedµasµintegerµandµrealµvalues,µrespectively.¡þýDHµandµCHµmapµtoµtheµsameµphysicalµmemoryµarea,µthatµis,µDH(1)¡þFandµCH(1)µreferµtoµtheµsameµbytesµinµmemory,µbutµtheµbytesµare¡þŽinterpretedµasµdoubleµprecisionµandµcomplexµvalues,µrespectively.¡þ1Anotherµarray,µnamedµH,µisµequivalentµtoµRH.µUseµtheµlatterµinµnew¡þzmodels.¡þTheµ#includeµ"scrtch.inc"µcompilerµdirectiveµaddsµtheseµcommon¡þeblocksµintoµaµmodel.µAµmodelµcanµdoµwhateverµitµwantsµwithµthese¡þ®arrays.¡þPNote:²¡X™²FORTRAN77µdoesµnotµhaveµaµstandardµincludeµstatement.¡XáCheckµyourµF77µmanualµforµtheµcorrectµsyntax.¡þ„Inµtheseµarrays,µdoµnotµstoreµdataµthatµyouµneedµatµtheµnext¡þÍactivationµofµtheµmodel.µInstead,µuseµtheµVSAVµandµVGETµsystem¡þcallsµinµCOSSAP.µAlso,µyouµcannotµpassµdataµtoµotherµmodelsµin¡þ^theseµarrays,µbecauseµtheµarraysµcannotµsetµanµactivationµsequence¡þ§forµmodels.µOnlyµsignalµbuffersµcanµpassµdataµtoµotherµmodels.¡þ	ITheseµfourµarraysµareµdividedµintoµsubarrays.µTheµlengthµofµthe¡þ	’subarraysµcanµdependµonµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµtoµprocess.¡þ	ÛWhenµprogramming,µyouµmightµfindµtheµfollowingµmethodsµuseful.’”D“I501ileaf_page_string1:B-21¥	öä¥	öä¡Â²âFORTRAN77´µSimulationµExample¡À¤ÿŸB³21¡þÉ²Each´µsubarrayµisµdefinedµbyµaµcursorµtoµtheµfirstµelementµofµthe¡þsubarray,µandµbyµtheµlengthµofµtheµsubarray.µModelsµthatµare¡þZsuppliedµwithµCOSSAPµuseµnamingµconventionsµforµvariables.µThe¡þ£followingµrulesµdefineµthe²µarray_name²µsubarray:¡þ>J²array_name²¡X‡cursorµtoµtheµfirstµelementµofµtheµsubarray¡þùL²array_name²¡XAlengthµofµtheµsubarray¡þÜApplyingµtheseµrules,µTable B³1µshowsµtheµsubarraysµandµhowµeach¡þ%isµdefined.¡,þ²Table B³1³SubarrayµDefinitions¡þƒ²¥	öä¡Ç²Subarray²¡ìƒ¥	öä¡	«²Cursor´µ¡	áDefinition²¡Tƒ¥	öä¡q«²Lengthµ¡qáDefinition²¡¼ƒ¡þ3¥	öä¡S²INIµ(INputInphase)Áã¡ÃÄþëëþþÇ²¡ì3¥	öä¡	S²JINI¡ÃÄìSSììÇ²¡T3¥	öä¡qS²LINI¡ÃÄT½½TTÇ²¡¼3¡þ›¥	öä¡»²INQµ(INputQuadrature)²¡ì›¥	öä¡	»²JINQ²¡T›¥	öä¡q»²LINQ²¡¼›¡þ¥	öä¡#²OUTIµ(OUTputInphase)²¡ì¥	öä¡	#²JOUTI²¡T¥	öä¡q#²LOUTI²¡¼¡þk¥	öä¡‹²OUTQµ(OUTputQuadrature)²¡ìk¥	öä¡	‹²JOUTQ²¡Tk¥	öä¡q‹²LOUTQ²¡¼k¡þ	-²The´µlengthsµofµtheµsubarraysµequalµtheµnumberµofµsignalµelementsµto¡þ	vprocess.¡þ
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RingBufferµcallµreturns.µAnyµerrorµthatµoccurredµwhileµexecuting¡þ
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£theµfollowingµstatementµsetsµtheµerrorµflagµforµtheµmodel:¡þ²IPARAM(JERROR)´µ=µ-ISTAT’ÝóD“I501ileaf_page_string1:B-23¥	öä¥	öä¡Â²âFORTRAN77´µSimulationµExample¡À¤ÿŸB³23¡þ)²This´µstatementµwritesµtheµnegativeµexecutionµstatusµthatµRBRD¡þrreturnsµtoµtheµIPARAMµarrayµatµtheµJERRORµposition.¡þ*TheµlclparµincludeµfileµdefinesµtheµJERRORµconstant.µTheµmodel¡þsmustµnextµreturnµtoµtheµcallingµprogram.µTheµsimulationµcontrol¡þ»programµthenµstopsµtheµsimulation.µTheµerrorµthatµoccurredµis¡þreportedµinµtheµREPORTµfrontµendµapplication.¡þ—²Linesµ153-154³ReadingµSignalµElementsµfromµtheµSecond¡þßInputµPort¡þ`²AµcallµtoµtheµRBRDµ(RingBufferReaD)µcopiesµtheµspecifiedµLINQ¡þ¨numberµofµsignalµelementsµfromµtheµsignalµbufferµconnectedµtoµthe¡þñsecondµinputµportµofµtheµmodel,µtoµtheµsubarrayµthatµJINQµandµLINQ¡þ:define.µTheµISTATµvariableµreturnsµtheµexecutionµstatusµofµthe¡þ‚RingBufferµcall.¡þ²Linesµ155-162³CheckingµtheµReturnedµExecutionµStatus¡þ•²TheµexecutionµstatusµthatµRDRDµreturnsµmustµbeµcheckedµagain.¡þ(²Linesµ164-173³SignalµProcessing¡þ©²Afterµreadingµtheµsignalµelementsµfromµtheµinputµports,µprocessing¡þñcanµstart.¡þ	©Wheneverµpossible,µuseµtheµvectorµlibraryµcallsµsuppliedµwith¡þ	òCOSSAP,µespeciallyµifµyourµcomputerµhasµvectorµprocessingµunits.¡þ
:Theseµvectorµlibraryµcallsµsignificantlyµincreaseµspeed,µimproveµthe¡þ
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Ú²IBOUT2´µ=µIPARAM(JNBOUTµ+2)’ó®D“I501ileaf_page_string1:B-25¥	öä¥	öä¡Â²âFORTRAN77´µSimulationµExample¡À¤ÿŸB³25¡þÉ²Most´µmodelsµsuppliedµwithµCOSSAPµuseµtheµIBOUT1,µIBOUT2,µ...¡þIBOUT²n²µvariableµnamesµforµvariablesµthatµspecifyµtheµsignalµbuffer¡þZnumbersµforµsignalµbuffersµconnectedµtoµtheµoutputµportsµofµaµmodel.¡þß²Linesµ183-184³WritingµSignalµElementsµtoµtheµFirstµOutput¡þ(Port¡þ²AµcallµtoµRBWRµ(RingBufferWRite),µcopiesµtheµspecifiedµLOUTI¡þænumberµofµsignalµelementsµfromµtheµsubarrayµthatµJOUT1µand¡þ/LOUT1µdefine,µtoµtheµsignalµbufferµforµtheµfirstµoutputµportµofµthe¡þwmodel.µTheµISTATµvariableµreturnsµtheµexecutionµstatusµofµthe¡þÀRingBufferµcall.¡þE²Linesµ185-192³CheckingµtheµReturnedµExecutionµStatus¡þº²TheµexecutionµstatusµthatµtheµRBWRµRingBufferµcallµreturns,µmust¡þbeµcheckedµimmediately.µAnyµerrorµthatµoccurredµwhileµexecuting¡þKRBWRµmustµbeµreportedµtoµtheµsimulatorµimmediately.µToµdoµthis,¡þ”useµtheµfollowingµstatementµtoµsetµtheµerrorµflagµforµtheµmodel:¡þ²IPARAM(JERROR)´µ=µ-ISTAT¡þ¨²This´µstatementµwritesµtheµnegativeµexecutionµstatusµthatµRBWR¡þðreturned,µtoµtheµIPARAMµarrayµatµtheµJERRORµposition.¡þ“TheµlclparµincludeµfileµdefinesµtheµJERRORµconstant.µTheµmodel¡þÛmustµthenµreturnµtoµtheµcallingµprogram.µTheµsimulationµcontrol¡þ	$programµstopsµtheµsimulation.µAnyµerrorµthatµoccurredµisµreportedµin¡þ	mtheµREPORTµfrontµendµapplication.’®îD“I501ileaf_page_string1:B-26¥	öäÃËÁâÊË¡Ä,Ü,Æ¡Ä,Æ	cÆ¡Ä	cÆ	cÜ¡Ä	cÜ,ÜÆÃÁÊËÃ¡Ä,ÆÊÆÆÃ¥	öä¥	öä¡6Â²FORTRAN77´µSimulationµExample¡4B³26¡þÉ²Lines´µ194-203³WritingµSignalµElementsµtoµtheµSecondµOutput¡þPort¡þw²AµcallµtoµRBRWµ(RingBufferWRite)µcopiesµtheµspecifiedµLOUTQ¡þÀnumberµofµsignalµelementsµfromµtheµsubarrayµthatµJOUTQµand¡þLOUTQµdefine,µtoµtheµsignalµbufferµforµtheµsecondµoutputµportµofµthe¡þQmodel.µTheµISTATµvariableµreturnsµtheµexecutionµstatusµofµthe¡þšRingBufferµcall.¡þCheckµtheµexecutionµstatusµthatµRBWRµreturns.¡þŠ²Lineµ205³RETURN¡þð²Afterµprocessingµfinishes,µtheµmodelµreturnsµtoµtheµcallingµprogram.¡þ_²Lineµ206³END¡þÄ²Thisµstatementµmarksµtheµendµofµtheµcompilationµunit.µDoµnotµadd¡þanyµotherµsubroutinesµorµfunctionsµafterµthisµstatement.µInµCOSSAP,¡þUeachµsubroutineµorµfunctionµmustµbeµstoredµinµaµseparateµfile.¡,²Inserting´µNewµModelµObjectµCodeµIntoµanµObjectµCode¡,oLibrary¡þ²Before´µyouµcanµuseµaµnewµprimitiveµmodelµinµaµsimulation,µyouµmust¡þLcompileµtheµsourceµcodeµofµtheµprimitiveµmodelµandµinsertµtheµobject¡þ”codeµintoµtheµcorrespondingµobjectµcodeµlibrary.¡þ	Note:²¡X	_²Storeµtheµobjectµcodeµlibraryµfileµinµtheµsameµdirectoryµasµthe¡X	¨correspondingµmodelµlibrary.¡þ
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.INPUT_PORTS´µToken¡þ	²This´µsectionµdefinesµallµinputµportsµofµtheµmodel.µEachµportµdefinition¡þ	Kconsistsµofµaµsequenceµnumber,µtheµname,µandµtheµtypeµofµtheµport.¡þ	çTheµADDSµmodelµinµthisµexampleµhasµoneµinputµport,µnamedµInput.¡þ
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