Optimize a Boosted Regression Ensemble
This example shows how to optimize hyperparameters of a boosted regression ensemble. The optimization minimizes the cross-validation loss of the model.
The problem is to model the efficiency in miles per gallon of an automobile, based on its acceleration, engine displacement, horsepower, and weight. Load the carsmall data, which contains these and other predictors.
load carsmall
X = [Acceleration Displacement Horsepower Weight];
Y = MPG;Fit a regression ensemble to the data using the LSBoost algorithm, and using surrogate splits. Optimize the resulting model by varying the number of learning cycles, the maximum number of surrogate splits, and the learn rate. Furthermore, allow the optimization to repartition the cross-validation between every iteration.
For reproducibility, set the random seed and use the 'expected-improvement-plus' acquisition function.
rng default Mdl = fitrensemble(X,Y,... 'Method','LSBoost',... 'Learner',templateTree('Surrogate','on'),... 'OptimizeHyperparameters',{'NumLearningCycles','MaxNumSplits','LearnRate'},... 'HyperparameterOptimizationOptions',struct('Repartition',true,... 'AcquisitionFunctionName','expected-improvement-plus'))
|====================================================================================================================| | Iter | Eval | Objective: | Objective | BestSoFar | BestSoFar | NumLearningC-| LearnRate | MaxNumSplits | | | result | log(1+loss) | runtime | (observed) | (estim.) | ycles | | | |====================================================================================================================| | 1 | Best | 3.5457 | 8.2128 | 3.5457 | 3.5457 | 383 | 0.51519 | 4 |
| 2 | Best | 3.4903 | 0.41109 | 3.4903 | 3.4933 | 16 | 0.66503 | 7 |
| 3 | Best | 3.1763 | 0.78207 | 3.1763 | 3.1764 | 33 | 0.2556 | 92 |
| 4 | Accept | 6.3076 | 0.34868 | 3.1763 | 3.1768 | 13 | 0.0053227 | 5 |
| 5 | Accept | 3.4071 | 1.7753 | 3.1763 | 3.1768 | 78 | 0.47249 | 99 |
| 6 | Accept | 3.7443 | 0.26439 | 3.1763 | 3.1774 | 10 | 0.14669 | 86 |
| 7 | Accept | 3.1772 | 0.28254 | 3.1763 | 3.1756 | 10 | 0.29922 | 20 |
| 8 | Best | 3.1503 | 9.8543 | 3.1503 | 3.1677 | 495 | 0.26141 | 1 |
| 9 | Accept | 3.4226 | 0.91397 | 3.1503 | 3.168 | 37 | 0.99969 | 24 |
| 10 | Accept | 3.2646 | 0.72349 | 3.1503 | 3.193 | 31 | 0.27693 | 10 |
| 11 | Accept | 3.3428 | 7.0584 | 3.1503 | 3.2275 | 314 | 0.27312 | 47 |
| 12 | Accept | 5.9344 | 5.6579 | 3.1503 | 3.2289 | 259 | 0.0010001 | 21 |
| 13 | Best | 3.0379 | 2.7762 | 3.0379 | 3.0497 | 139 | 0.024969 | 1 |
| 14 | Accept | 3.2336 | 2.1551 | 3.0379 | 3.0571 | 97 | 0.037926 | 24 |
| 15 | Accept | 3.1774 | 9.9179 | 3.0379 | 3.1059 | 439 | 0.027258 | 20 |
| 16 | Accept | 4.8699 | 0.66609 | 3.0379 | 3.0764 | 31 | 0.026817 | 2 |
| 17 | Accept | 3.2566 | 5.4116 | 3.0379 | 3.0579 | 244 | 0.058858 | 8 |
| 18 | Best | 3.0314 | 4.8355 | 3.0314 | 3.0191 | 214 | 0.025201 | 44 |
| 19 | Accept | 3.2227 | 11.275 | 3.0314 | 3.0179 | 500 | 0.12391 | 52 |
| 20 | Accept | 3.0635 | 3.6356 | 3.0314 | 3.0321 | 180 | 0.02991 | 2 |
|====================================================================================================================| | Iter | Eval | Objective: | Objective | BestSoFar | BestSoFar | NumLearningC-| LearnRate | MaxNumSplits | | | result | log(1+loss) | runtime | (observed) | (estim.) | ycles | | | |====================================================================================================================| | 21 | Accept | 3.2057 | 5.2988 | 3.0314 | 3.0363 | 237 | 0.01568 | 97 |
| 22 | Accept | 3.1692 | 1.7442 | 3.0314 | 3.0381 | 76 | 0.14203 | 53 |
| 23 | Accept | 3.1204 | 4.0391 | 3.0314 | 3.0561 | 178 | 0.025816 | 63 |
| 24 | Best | 2.9564 | 3.6824 | 2.9564 | 3.003 | 185 | 0.028069 | 1 |
| 25 | Best | 2.8344 | 4.448 | 2.8344 | 2.9067 | 224 | 0.023927 | 1 |
| 26 | Accept | 2.9268 | 5.2045 | 2.8344 | 2.9136 | 262 | 0.021782 | 1 |
| 27 | Accept | 3.0143 | 4.8904 | 2.8344 | 2.9443 | 249 | 0.022608 | 1 |
| 28 | Accept | 6.4222 | 0.26882 | 2.8344 | 2.9451 | 10 | 0.0010031 | 25 |
| 29 | Accept | 3.513 | 9.9166 | 2.8344 | 2.9458 | 499 | 0.0038235 | 1 |
| 30 | Accept | 3.01 | 9.915 | 2.8344 | 2.9461 | 499 | 0.011582 | 1 |
__________________________________________________________
Optimization completed.
MaxObjectiveEvaluations of 30 reached.
Total function evaluations: 30
Total elapsed time: 159.6818 seconds.
Total objective function evaluation time: 126.3662
Best observed feasible point:
NumLearningCycles LearnRate MaxNumSplits
_________________ _________ ____________
224 0.023927 1
Observed objective function value = 2.8344
Estimated objective function value = 2.9461
Function evaluation time = 4.448
Best estimated feasible point (according to models):
NumLearningCycles LearnRate MaxNumSplits
_________________ _________ ____________
224 0.023927 1
Estimated objective function value = 2.9461
Estimated function evaluation time = 4.4346
Mdl =
classreg.learning.regr.RegressionEnsemble
ResponseName: 'Y'
CategoricalPredictors: []
ResponseTransform: 'none'
NumObservations: 94
HyperparameterOptimizationResults: [1×1 BayesianOptimization]
NumTrained: 224
Method: 'LSBoost'
LearnerNames: {'Tree'}
ReasonForTermination: 'Terminated normally after completing the requested number of training cycles.'
FitInfo: [224×1 double]
FitInfoDescription: {2×1 cell}
Regularization: []
Properties, Methods
Compare the loss to that of a boosted, unoptimized model, and to that of the default ensemble.
loss = kfoldLoss(crossval(Mdl,'kfold',10))loss = 19.7084
Mdl2 = fitrensemble(X,Y,... 'Method','LSBoost',... 'Learner',templateTree('Surrogate','on')); loss2 = kfoldLoss(crossval(Mdl2,'kfold',10))
loss2 = 30.9569
Mdl3 = fitrensemble(X,Y);
loss3 = kfoldLoss(crossval(Mdl3,'kfold',10))loss3 = 38.0049
For a different way of optimizing this ensemble, see Optimize Regression Ensemble Using Cross-Validation.